Bio-Renewable Fuels: Green California Biomass Collaborative 4th Annual Forum Amar Anumakonda, PhD Renewable Energy and Chemicals Business Unit UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company Des Plaines, IL 2007 UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP4675E-01
UOP Overview Leading supplier and licensor of processing technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries UOP s technology furnishes: 60% of the world s gasoline 70% of the world s modern detergents 3400 employees worldwide 06 Financials: $1.6 billion sales Strong relationships with leading refining and petrochemical customers worldwide 31 of 36 refining technologies in use today created by UOP 2003 National Medal of Technology Recipient Track Record Of Technology Innovation UOP4699-02
Biofuels Thrusts at UOP Fuel Additives / Blends Ethanol (Sugar, Grain) Biodiesel Ethanol (Biomass) Fuels Gasoline UOP s Bio-Fuels Technology Goals Identify and utilize processing and infrastructure synergies to: lower capital investment, minimize value chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk. Generation 1 Vegetable oils and greases to diesel, gasoline and JP-8 (military jet fuel) Generation 2 Lignocellulosic biomass and algal oils to fuels
Enablers for a Sustainable Biomass Infrastructure MBPD Source: Purvin & Gertz / Eric Larsen: Energy for Sustainable Development, 2000 50 40 30 20 10 0 Global Current Liquid Transport Fuels Gasoline Cellulosic Waste Potential MBPD 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Current US Liquid Transport Fuels Gasoline Cellulosic Waste Potential Cellulosic waste could make a significant contribution to liquid transportation pool.
Vegetable Oils Processing Routes Feed Process Product Methanol Vegetable Oil Vegetable Oil Vegetable Oil Biodiesel Catalytic Cracking Catalytic Cracking Biodiesel Glycerol Green Gasoline Green Olefins: C 2= + C 3 = H 2 Vegetable Oil Hydroprocessing Green UOP 4657E-17
What is Green? Trans-esterification Process Biodiesel Deoxygenation Process Green Methanol/ Ethanol Veg Oil/ Grease Veg Oil/ Grease H 2 Trans-esterification Hydroprocessing FAME Biodiesel Glycerol Green Propane Indistinguishable from conventional diesel but made from plant oils. - Leverages hydro-processing technology and refinery hardware. - Utilizes flexible feeds (vegetable oils, animal fats, FFAs) Source: NREL
Processing Vegetable Oil Green Process Vegetable Oil Acid Gas Reactor Removal CO 2 Separator Water Make-up Hydrogen Propane & Light Ends Naphtha or Jet Upgrade vegetable oil using hydroprocessing Product is an high cetane diesel blending component Hydrocarbon product, not an oxygenated compound Co-production of propane, naphtha, and high quality jet fuel possible. Product UOP 4657E-26
Green from Oils and Greases Feed % Oil or Grease 100 % H 2 1.5-3.8 Products Vol. % Naphtha < 1-10 Vol. % 88-98+ Cetane Number 80-100 ppm S <10 Water and COx are produced as deoxygenation products UOP 4657E-27
Green : Product Characteristics Petro. Green NOx Emission Baseline -10 to 0 Cloud Point, o C -5-10 Energy Density, MJ/kg 43 44 Density, g/ml 0.83-0.85 0.78 Energy Content, 129 K 123 K BTU/gal Cetane 40-55 75-90 Sulfur <10 ppm <10 ppm Polyaromatic 4 0 Oxidative Stability Baseline Excellent From a production standpoint, Green provides significant blending benefits
Sustainability: LCA and WTW Comparison kg CO 2 /kg Fuel LCA Climate Active CO 2 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Petroleum Biodiesel Source: David Shonnard, Michigan Tech. Green WTW Energy /GHG Emissions Clusters GHG, CO 2 Equivalent, gm/km 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Gasoline & Green DME from NG GTL from NG FAME EtOH Green is a Better Overall Performer both from Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions perspectives 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Source: CONCAWE Energy, MJ/km UOP 4717-18
Summary Vegetable oil, grease and pyrolysis oil are feasible feedstocks for conventional petroleum refineries- allowing incorporation of bio-feedstocks into supply chain. - Near term: conversion of oils to Green, (also, Green Gasoline and Green Olefins). - Long term: processing of large volumes of lignocellulosic feedstocks UOP s Biorenewables Offerings UOP 4657E-39
In Closing UOP bio-renewable process technologies enable refiners to: - Meet existing and pending biofuels mandates or incentives - Utilize domestic sources of bio-feedstocks - Explore new/novel sources of bio-feedstocks - Provide high quality fuel products. - Maximize use of existing assets - Facilitate market adoption of green fuels UOP s Value Contribution for Biorenewables Arena UOP 4657E-39
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