Time- 3 Hours Maximum Mark 100

le;& 3?kaVs izkn'kz iz'u i= 2013&14 fo"k; & lkekftd fokku (Social Science) d{kk & nloha lsv&, iw.kkzad& 100 Time- 3 Hours Maximum Mark 100 funsz'k& i. lhkh iz'u vfuok;z gsa ii. iz'u i= esa fn;s x;s funsz'k lko/kkuh iwozd i<+dj mrrj fyf[k,a iii. iz'u 1 ls 5 rd olrqfu"b iz'u gs ftuds vurxzr fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz] lr;@vlr;] lgh tksm+h cukuk],d okd; esa mrrj rfkk lgh fodyi dk p;u djuk gsa izr;sd iz'u 5 vad dk gsa 1x5= 5x5 = 25 vad iv. iz'u Øekad 6 ls 24 rd esa vkurfjd fodyi fn;s x;s gsa v. iz'u Øekad 6 ls 10 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 2 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 30 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa vi. iz'u Øekad 11 ls 17 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy;s 4 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrkj yxhkx 75 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa vii. iz'u Øekad 18 ls 22 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 5 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 120 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa viii. iz'u Øekad 23 rfkk 24 esa izr;sd iz'u ij 6 vad,oa iz'uksa ds mrrj yxhkx 150 'kcnksa esa fy[kuk gsa Instructions i. All question are compulsory. ii. Please the instructions carefully before writing the answer. iii. Q. No. 1 to 5 are objective type which contain fill up the Blank, True/False, match the column, one sentence answer and choose the correct answers. Each question is allotted 5 marks. 1x1 = 5x5 =25 Marks. iv. Internal options are given in Q. No. 6 to 24. v. Q. No. 6 to 10 carry 2 marks each and answer should be given in about 30 words. vi. Q. No. 11 to 17 carry 4 marks each and answer should be given in about 75 words. vii. Q. No. 18 to 22 carry 5 marks each and answer should be given in about 120 words. viii. Q. No. 23 and 24 carry 6 marks each and answer should be given in about 150 words. 1

iz'u 1- lgh fodyi pqudj fyf[k,a ¼v½ lkekftd okfudh ;kstuk dks forrh; lgk;rk izkir gks jgh gs & ¼i½ jkt; ljdkj ls ¼ii½ fo o csad ¼iii½ ou fohkkx ls ¼iv½ dsunzh; vk;ksx ls ¼c½ dksu lk dkjd e`nk fuekz.k esa lg;ksxh ugha gs %& ¼i½ ok;q vksj ty ¼ii½ ikuh dk bdv~bk gksuk ¼iii½ rkieku ¼iv½ lm+s xys ism+ iks/ks ¼l½ ns'k dh izfr O;fDr vk; dh x.kuk fdl vk/kkj ij dh xbz gsa ¼i½ ml ns'k dh tula[;k ¼ii½ fo'o dh tula[;k ls ¼iii½ jkt;ksa dh tula[;k ls ¼iv½ vu; ns'k dh tula[;k ls ¼n½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku dc ykxw gqvk gs & ¼i½ 26 tuojh 1948 dks ¼ii½ 26 tuojh 1950 dks ¼iii½ 26 tuojh 1930 dks ¼iv½ 15 vxlr 1947 dks ¼b½ Hkkjr esa VkVk vk;ju,.m LVhy deiuh fdl jkt; esa gs & ¼i½ mrrjizns k ¼ii½ iatkc ¼iii½ >kj[k.m ¼iv½ jktlfkku Choose correct option - (a) Economic help for Social forestry scheme is obtained from (i) State government (ii) World Bank (iii) Forest department (iv) Central government (b) Which factor does not help in formation of the soil :- (i) Wind and water (ii) Water accumulation (iii) Temperature (iv) Decompsed plants (c) What is the basis for calculating per capita income of a country? (i) Country's Population (ii) World Population (iii) State's Population (iv) Another Country's Population (d) When did the Constitution of India come into force? (i) 26th January 1948 (ii) 26th January 1950 2

(e) (iii) 26th January 1930 (iv) 15th August 1947 In which state of India is Tata Iron and Steel located:- (i) Uttar Pradesh (ii) Punjab (iii) Jharkhand (iv) Rajasthan iz'u 2- iz'u 3- LraHk ^ v* ds fy, LraHk ^c* ls pqudj lgh tksfm+;ka cukb, & v & c ¼v½ csxe gtjr egy & vkffkzd dy;k.k ¼c½ eaxy ik.ms & xksj[kiqj ftys esa ¼l½ pksjh pksjk dh?kvuk & vo/k ¼n½ ijek.kq ijh{k.k & csjdiqj ¼b½ ver;z lsu & iks[kj.k Match the correct pair for column 'A' choosing from column 'B'. A - B (a) Begum Hazrat Mahal - Economic Reforms (Welfare) (b) Mangal Pandey - In Gorakhpur (c) Chauri Chaura - Awadh (d) Nuclear Test - Barrackpur (e) Amartya Sen - Pokharan fueufyf[kr fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft,a ¼i½ olrqvksa dh dherksa esa Øe'k% o`f) dks----------------dgrs gsa ¼ii½ Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa vuqpnsn -------------------- ds varxzr teew d ehj dks fo ks"k ntkz fn;k x;k gsa ¼iii½ lokszpp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh'k-------------o"kZ dh vk;q rd in ij dk;z dj ldrs gsa ¼iv½ laln ds nks lnu gs----------------vksj------------------ ¼v½ phu esa---------------cpps okys ifjokj dks vkn'kz ekuk x;k gsa 3

Fill in the blanks. (i) The gradual increase in the prices of commodities called... (ii) Jammu and Kashmir has been given Special status in the. article of Indian constitution. (iii) The Judges of supreme court can work up to the age of... years on their post. (iv) The two houses of parliament are... and... (v) A family having...child is considered as Ideal in China. iz'u 4- iz'u 5- fueufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mrrj,d okd; esa nhft,a ¼v½ gkwy ekdz fdldh xq.korrk izekf.kr djrk gs\ ¼c½ lwpuk dk vf/kdkj Hkkjr ljdkj ds }kjk fdl o"kz cuk;k x;k\ ¼l½ mihkksdrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk gs\ ¼iv½ tula[;k dh n`f"v ls fo'o esa Hkkjr dk LFkku dksu lk gs\ ¼v½ Hkkjrh; jk"vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dk Js; fdl vaxzst vf/kdkjh dks tkrk gs\ Answer in one sentence. (i) Hall Mark ensures guality of which products? (ii) In which year the right to information was made by the govt. of India. (iii) By which name of consumer protection act is known. (iv) What is India's Position in the world in terms of population. (v) Which British officer credited for the establishment of Indian National Congress. fueufyf[kr esa lr; vlr; crkb;s & ¼v½ f k{kk,oa LokLF; lkekftd v/kkslajpuk ds vax gsaa ¼c½ lsok {ks= vfkzo;olfkk dk f}rh;d {ks= gsa ¼l½ Lof.kZe prqhkqzt dk laca/k d`f"k ls gsa ¼n½ ts-,l- fey us lgdkfjrk dks vkffkzd fodkl dk ekin.m ekik gsa 4

¼b½ Hkkjr esa lapkj lsok 1837 bz- esa vkjahk gqbz FkhA State True of False 1. Education and health are the parts of social infra structure. 2. The service sector is the secondary sector of economy. 3. Golden Quadrilateral is related to agriculture. 4. J.S. Mill has considered Co operatives to be a measure of Economic Developement 5. In India Communication services was started in 1837. iz'u 6- uxn o O;kifjd Qlyksa ls D;k vk'k; gs\ What is meanst by & Commercial Crops? ou; izk.kh laj{k.k ds dksbz nks mik; fyf[k;sa Write any two measures of wild life conservation. iz'u 7-1857 ds Lora=rk laxzke dk rkrdkfyd dkj.k D;k Fkk\ What was the immediate cause of freedom struggle of 1857? ykmz MygkSth dh gm+i uhfr D;k Fkh\ What was Lord Dalhousie's Annexation policy? iz'u 8- vkffkzd fodkl dh eki ds izeq[k ekin.m dksu&dksu ls gs\ dksbz pkj fyf[k,a What are the main measurements of measuring economic development? Write any four. 5

izfr O;fDr vk; D;k gs\ bldh x.kuk dk lw= fyf[k,a What is per capita Income? Write the formula for calculating it. iz'u 9- Hkkjr esa lsok {ks= ds fodkl ds dksbz nks dkj.k Li"V dhft,a Explain any two reasons for the development of tertiary sector in India? v/kkslajpuk fdls dgrs gs\ Explain the meaning of Infrastructure? iz'u 10- mihkksdrk 'kks"k.k ds dksbz nks izdkj crkb;sa State any two kinds of consumer exploitation. mihkksdrk f'k{kk ds dksbz nks egroiw.kz ykhk crkb;sa Write any two important advantages of consumer education. iz'u 11- yksgk blikr m ksx vk/kkjhkwr m ksx D;ksa dgykrk gsa Why is Iron and Steel industry called basic Industry? ou vk/kkfjr m ksx dksu&dksu ls gs\ if pe caxky esa dkxt mriknu dsunz fdu&fdu LFkkuksa ij gs\ Which are the forest based Industries? Where are paper units set up in west Bengal? iz'u 12- vkarfjd ty ifjogu dh izeq[k ck/kk;sa dksu&dksu lh gs\ Which are main hinderances of the internal navigational transport? 6

mixzg lapkj lsok ls D;k rkri;z gs\ What is meant by satellite communication services? iz'u 13- lqukeh ls D;k vk k; gs\ What is meant by Tsunami? vkink ls D;k rkri;z gs\ What is meant by disaster? iz'u 14- tfy;kaokyk ckx gr;kdkam dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe Jaliyanwala Bagh Massacre. f[kykqr vkanksyu D;k Fkk\ What was the Khilafat Movement? iz'u 15- Hkkjrh; fons k uhfr dh izeq[k fo ks"krk, crkbz;sa Write main characteristics of Indian foreign policy? rk kdan le>ksrs dh egroiw.kz 'krsz D;k FkhA What were the conditions laid down for the Tashkand Agreement iz'u 16- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk vfkz crkrs gq, pkj fo ks"krkvksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Write the meaning of constitution and write down the characteristics of Indian Constitution (any four) 7

Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks dksu&dksu ls eksfyd vf/kdkj izkir gs\ What are the fundamental rights of Indian citizen. iz'u 17- iwathoknh vkffkzd iz.kkyh dh fo ks"krk,a crkb;sa ¼dksbZ ikap½ State the characteristics of Capitalism (Any five) fefjr vfkz O;oLFkk la{ksi esa le>kb;s,oa blds dksbz pkj nks"k crkb,\ What do you mean by mixed economy? Write any four demerits of mixed economy. iz'u 18- fueufyf[kr eksleh n kkvksa dks Li"V djus gsrq ladsr crkb;s & ¼v½ dqgjk ¼c½ vksyk ¼l½ leiw.kz es?kkpnknu ¼n½ fge ¼b½ 'kkar ok;q Draw symbol/signs to show the following weather conditions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Fog Hail Full cloud Snow Calm wind 8

Hkkjr ds ekufp= esa fueu dks n kkzb;s & ¼v½ vjc lkxj ¼c½ pkoy mriknd,d {ks= ¼l½ ckecs gkbz ¼n½ ddz js[kk ¼b½ vjkoyh iozr Indicate the following on the Map of India. (a) Arabian (b) One Rice Producing area (c) Bombay High (d) Tropic of Cancer (e) Aravalli Mountains iz'u 19- caxky fohkktu dc fd;k x;k rfkk blds ihns fczfv k 'kklu ds D;k mn~ns ; FksA When did partition of Bengal take place? and what were the objectives of British government behind this? Lora=rk vkanksyu ds nksjku xka/kh th us fdu rjhdksa dks viukus ds fy, dgk\ Which methods Gandhiji advised to adopt during the freedom Movement? iz'u 20- d ehj lel;k D;k gs\ la;qdr jk"vª la?k dh lqj{kk ifj"kn us bl lel;k ds lek/kku ds fy, fdu ikap ns kksa dk ny cuk;k FkkA 9

What is Kashmir problem? for the solution of Kashmir problem team of which five countries was constituted by the security council of the united Nations organization. Hkkjr&ckaXykns k laca/kksa dk o.kzu dhft,a Describe the relation between India and Bangladesh. iz'u 21- yksdlhkk ds lnl;ksa dh ;ksx;rk, fyf[k;sa Write the qualifications of a member of the House of people. ftyk iapk;r ds dk;z crkb;sa Describe functions of district panchayat. iz'u 22- eknd inkfkksza dk 'kjhj ij D;k izhkko im+rk gsa What is the affects of drugs on the body? lkeiznkf;drk dks nwj djus ds mik; crkb;sa Describe the measures to combat communalism. iz'u 23- e`nk vijnu ds dkj.k rfkk laj{k.k ds izeq[k rjhdksa dh O;k[;k dhft,\ Write the causes of soil-erosion and discuss the main method of its conservation. ouksa ls gksus okys rhu izr;{k,oa rhu vizr;{k ykhk fyf[k,a Describe three direct and three indirect advantage of forests. 10

iz'u 24- vaxsztksa dh vkffkzd 'kks"k.k dh uhfr us Hkkjrh; dqvhj m ksxksa dks dsls izhkkfor fd;ka How were the cottage industries affected by British policy of economic exploitation? Hkkjr esa clus okys ;wjksfi;ksa us bycvz fcy dk fojks/k D;ksa fd;k\ Why did the Europeans Staying in India protest against the Illbert Bill? & & & & & & 11

vkn'kz mrrj fo"k; & lkekftd fokku (Social Science) d{kk & nloha olrqfu"v iz'uksa ds mrrj & mrrj 1- mrrj 2- lgh fodyi & ¼i½ fo ocsad ¼ii½ ikuh dk bdv~bk gksuk ¼iii½ ml ns'k dh tula[;k ls ¼iv½ 26 tuojh 1950 dks ¼v½ >kj[k.m 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 1+1+1+1+1=5 lgh tksfm;ka & v & c ¼ i½ csxe gtjr egy & vo/k ¼ ii½ eaxy ik.ms & csjdiqj ¼ iii½ pksjk pksjh dh?kvuk & xksj[kiqj ftys esa ¼ iv½ ijek.kq ijh{k.k & iks[kj.k ¼ v½ ver;z lsu & vkffkzd dy;k.k 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 1+1+1+1+1=5 mrrj 3- fjdr LFkku & ¼i½ eqnzk LQhfr ¼ii½ 370 ¼iii½ 65 o"kz ¼iv½ yksdlhkk vksj jkt; lhkk 12

mrrj 4- ¼v½,d 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 1+1+1+1+1=5,d okd; esa mrrj & 1- gkwy ekdz Lo.kZ vkhkw"k.k dh xq.korrk izekf.kr djrk gsa 2- lwpuk dk vf/kdkj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk o"kz 2005 esa cuk;k x;k gsa 3- mihkksdrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e dksijk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gsa 4- tula[;k dh n`f"v ls fo'o esa Hkkjr dk LFkku nwljk gsa 5- Hkkjrh; jk"vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dk Js;,-vks- áwe dks tkrk gsa 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 1+1+1+1+1=5 mrrj 5- lr; @ vlr; & ¼i½ lr; ¼ii½ vlr; ¼iii½ vlr; ¼iv½ lr; ¼v½ lr; 5 lgh gy djus ij 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 1+1+1+1+1=5 mrrj 6- uxn o O;kikfjd Qlyksa ls vk'k; bu Qlyksa ls gs tks izr;{k :i ls Hkkstu ds fy;s mriuu ugha dh tkrh gs] fdurq mugsa cspdj uxn jkf'k izkir dh tkrh gsa buesa dikl pk;] dkqh] frygu] lks;kchu] xuuk] reckdq] jcj vkfn gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa ou; izkf.k;ksa ds laj{k.k gsrq fueufyf[kr iz;kl fd;s tk ldrs gs %& 13

1- ou; thoksa ds izkd`frd vkoklksa dks fcuk gkfu igqpka, fu;af=r djuka 2- ou; thoksa ds f'kdkj ij iw.kzr% izfrca/k yxkuka 3- ou; {ks=ksa esa tso e.my fjtoz dh LFkkiuk djuka 4- jk"vªh; ikdz] vh;kj.kksa dh LFkkiuk djuka 5- ou; tho izca/ku dh ;kstukvksa dks bekunkjh ls ykxw djuka 6- ou; thoksa ds izfr yksxksa dh ekufldrk esa ifjorzu gsrq f'k{kk,oa tkx:drk dk fodkl djuka mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz nks lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 7- csjdiqj Nkouh esa 29 ekpz 1857 dks eaxy ik.ms uked lsfud us pchz okys dkjrwl dks Hkjus ls badkj dj fn;k vksj mrrsftr gksdj vaxzst vf/kdkfj;ksa dh gr;k dj nha bl dkj.k mls cunh cukdj 8 viszy 1857 dks Qkalh ns nh xbza tks 1857 dh Økafr dk rkrdkfyd dkj.k cuka mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa bls foy; uhfr Hkh dgk tkrk gsa ykmz MygkSth }kjk daiuh ds v/khu ns'kh jkt;ksa ds larkughu 'kkldksa dks xksn ysus ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr dj muds jkt; dks gm+i ysuk gh gm+i uhfr FkhA mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 8- vkffkzd fodkl ds izeq[k ekin.m fueu gs & 1- jk"vªh; vk;a 2- izfr O;fDr vk;a 3- vkffkzd dy;k.ka 4- lkekftd vfhklwpda 14

mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa izfr O;fDr vk; &,d ns'k dh fdlh o"kz fo'ks"k esa vkslr vk; dks gh izfr O;fDr vk; dgrs gsa jk"vªh; vk; x.kuk dk lw= & izfr O;fDr vk; = tu la[;k mijksdrkuqlkj pkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 9- Hkkjr esa lsok {ks= ds fodkl ds dkj.k fueufyf[k gs %& 1- Lora=rk ds ckn ns'k esa fu;ksftr fodkl dh izfø;k ds dkj.k lkoztfud {ks= dk rsth ls fodkla 2- vks ksfxd Økafr ds lkfk&lkfk ns'k esa gfjr Økafr lqy jgh blls ifjogu] O;kikj] HkaMkj.k] CkSafdax tslh lsokvksa dh o`f) gqbza 3- lwpuk,oa lapkj izks ksfxdh ij vk/kkfjr vusd ubz&ubz lsok,a thou ds fy;s vko';d gks xbz gsa 4- ns'k esa yksxksa dh vk; c<+us ls 'kgjh,oa xzkeh.k nksuksa gh {ks=ksa esa lsokvksa dh ekax c<+h gsa mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz nks lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa v/kkslapuk ls vfhkizk; mu lqfo/kkvksa fø;kvksa rfkk lsokvksa ls gs tks mriknu ds vu; {ks=ksa ds lapkyu rfkk fodkl,oa nsfud thou esa lgk;d gksrh gsa tsls& ÅtkZ] ifjogu ds lk/ku] cka/k] f'k{kk] LokLF; lqfo/kk,a br;kfna ;s lhkh lqfo/kk,a,oa lsok,a lfeefyr :i ls v/kkslajpuk dgykrh gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa 15

mrrj 10- mriknd,oa O;kikjh lkeku;r% mihkksdrkvksa dk 'kks"k.k fueufyf[kr rjhdksa ls djrs gs %& 1- Åaph dhersa 2-?kfV;k xq.korrka 3- feykov,oa v'kq)rka 4- xyr,oa v/kwjh tkudkjha 5- d`f=e vhkko dkykcktkjh,oa tek[kksjha 6- eki rksy esa x<+cm+ha 7- fcøh ds ckn iznku dh tkus okyh lsokvksa dk vlarks"k tud gksuka mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz nks lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa 1- mihkksdrk f'k{kk ls mfpr olrqvksa dks [kjhnus dk Kku izkir gksrk gsa 2- lhfer vk; ls vf/kdre larqf"v izkir gksrh gsa 3- gkfudkjd olrqvksa dh tkudkjh gksrh gsa mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz nks lgh fy[kus ij 2 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 11- yksgk blikr m ksx vk/kkjhkwr m ksxksa esa ls,d egroiw.kz m ksx gsa fdlh Hkh ns k ds vkffkzd fodkl ds fy, yksgk,oa blikr m ksx dk fodkl vko ;d gksrk gsa bl m ksx dh x.kuk egroiw.kz m ksxksa esa dh tkrh gsa fdlh Hkh jk"vª dh vfkzo;olfkk dk ;g vk/kkj LraHk gksrk gsa ;g vk/kqfud vks ksfxd <kaps dk vk/kkj vksj jk"vªh; 'kfdr dk ekinam gsa yksgkblikr m ksx dk mi;ksx vl=& kl=,oa d`f"k ;a= vkfn cukus esa fd;k tkrk gs] blhfy, yksgk&blikr m ksx dks vk/kkj Hkwr m ksx dgk tkrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa 16

ou vk/kkfjr m ksx fueu fyf[kr gs & dkxt m ksx] fn;k lykbz m ksx] yk[k m ksx] pem+k m ksx] vks"kf/k m ksx] xksan m ksx] ekse m ksx vkfna if'pe caxky esa dkxt mriknd izeq[k dsunz&vhvkx<+] jkuhxat] usgkvh] dksydkrk] dkwfdukmk] cm+kuxj] f'kojkqyh vkfn gsa ou vk/kkfjr m ksxksa ds uke fy[kus ij 2 vad,oa dkxt mriknu dsunzksa ds LFkku crkus ij 2 vad dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 12- ck/kk,a ¼1½ ns'k dh vf/kdka'k ufn;ka eksleh gs dqn ufn;ka xzh"e dky esa lw[k tkrh gs vksj dqn ufn;ksa dh ty /kkjk bruh iryh o mfkyh gksrh gs fd muesa ukosa ;k LVhej ugha pyk;s tk ldrs gsa ¼2½ o"kkz _rq esa o"kkzty dh vf/kdrk,oa rhoz cgko ds dkj.k ufn;kas dk ifjogu ds fy, mihkksx ugha gks ikrk gsa ¼3½ nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ufn;ka ifkjhys Hkkxksa esa cgrh gqbz izikr cukrh gs ftlls ufn;ksa esa ukoksa dks pyk;k ugha tk ldrka ¼4½ flapkbz gsrq ufn;ksa ls ugjsa fudkyh xbz gs ftlls ufn;ksa esa ty Lrj rks de gks gh tkrk gs] ekxz esa }kj o can cukus ls ekxz ck/kk ;qdr gks tkus ls ifjogu esa ;ksx; ufn;ka uks lapkyu ds ;ksx; ugha jgrh gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa oskkfudksa us ekud fgrksa dh iwfrz ds fy, e'khuhd`r mixzg rs;kj dj jkwdsvksa dh lgk;rk ls varfj{k esa LFkkfir fd;k gsa ;s d`f=e mixzg i`foh dk 17

pddj yxkrs gq, eksle] izkd`frd lalk/kuksa] lsfud xfrfof/k;ksa vkfn dh tkudkjh fp= o ekufp= ds ek/;e ls i`foh ij Hkstrs gsaa vk;z HkV~V],Iiy bulsv] vkbz-vkj-,l- d`f=e mixzg blh fn'kk esa fd;s x;s iz;kl gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 13- HkwdEi vksj Tokykeq[kh ls egklkxjh; /kjkry esa vpkud gypy isnk gksrh gs vksj egklkxjh; ty dk vpkud folfkkiu gksrk gsa ifj.kke Lo:i leqnzh ty esa m/okz/kj Åaph rjaxs isnk gksrh gsa bugsa lqukeh ;k HkwdEih; leqnzh ygjsa dgk tkrk gsa lkeku;r% 'kq: esa flqz,d m/okz/kj rjax] gh isnk gksrh gs] ijarq dkykurj esa ty&rjaxksa dh,d J`a[kyk cu tkrh gsa ty rjax xfr mfkys leqnz esa de vksj xgjs leqnz esa T;knk gksrh gsa xgjsa leqnzksa esa lqukeh ygjksa dh yeckbz vf/kd vksj ÅapkbZ 15 ehvj ;k blls vf/kd gks ldrh gsa blls rvh; {ks= esa Hkh"k.k fo/oal gksrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa vkink,d ekuo tfur ;k izkd`frd foifrr gsa ftlls fuf'pr {ks= esa vkthfodk rfkk leifrr dh gkfu gksrh gs ] ftldh ifj.kfr ekuoh; osnuk rfkk d"vksa esa gksrh gsaa vr% os lelr vkink;sa tks izd`fr esa folr`r :i ls?kfvr gksrh gsa vksj ekuo leqnk; dks vlqjf{kr,oa ladv esa Mkyrs gq, ekuoh; nqczyrkvksa dks n'kkzrh gs] vkink,a gsaa tsls HkwdEi] ck<+] pøokr] lw[kk] HkwL[kyu] vkx] vkradokn ukfhkdh; ladv] jklk;fud ladv] i;kzoj.kh; ladv vkfna mijksdrkuqlkj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa 18

mrrj 14- jksysdv vf/kfu;e ekpz 1919 esa ykxw fd;k x;ka ftlds fojks/k esa iwjs ns'k esa vkokt mbha 10 viszy dks dkaxzsl ds nks izhkko'kkyh usrk MkW- lr;iky vksj MkW- lsqmn~nhu fdpyw dks tsy Hkst fn;k x;ka bu fxj rkfj;ksa ds fojks/k esa ve`rlj ds tfy;ka okyk ckx esa 13 viszy dks fojks/k lhkk gqbz] tsls gh lhkk izkjahk gqbz lsfud vf/kdkjh tujy Mk;j us lhkk dks fdlh Hkh izdkj dh psrkouh fn;s fcuk vius lsfudksa dks lhkk dh HkhM+ ij xksyh pykus dk vkns'k fn;ka lsfudksa us HkhM+ ij xksyh pykbz ftlds rgr yxhkx 800 ls vf/kd O;fDr ekjs x;s rfkk yxhkx 2000?kk;y gks x,a mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa f[kykqr vkanksyu vlg;ksx vkanksyu dh,d egroiw.kz?kvuk FkhA bl vkanksyu dk izkjahk izfke fo'o;q) ds ckn gqvka f[kykqr vkanksyu dk eq[; mn~ns'; blyke ds [kyhqk lqyrku dks fqj ls 'kfdr fnykuk FkkA blds lefkzu esa Hkkjr ls eqgeen vyh vksj 'kksdr vyh us f[kykqr vkanksyu izkjahk fd;ka f[kykqr vkanksyu esa dkaxzsl ds usrk Hkh lfeefyr gq, vksj vkanksyu dks iwjs Hkkjr esa QSykus esa mugksaus lgk;rk nha fdurq VdhZ esa bl vkanksyu ds lekir gksrs gh Hkkjr ds eqlyekuksa us Hkh bls lekir dj fn;ka mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 15- Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a & ¼1½ Hkkjr fo'o jktuhfr esa vlayxurk dh uhfr dk voyecu djrk gsaa ¼2½ Hkkjr dh uhfr 'kkafriw.kz lg vflrro ds fl)kar esa fo'okl djrs gq, fo'o 'kakfr cuk;s j[kus ds fy, gj lahko lg;ksx nsus dh uhfr dk ikyu fd;k gsa 19

¼3½ Hkkjr lkezkt;h;,oa iztkrh; fohksn dk fojks/k djrk gsa vksj finm+s jk"vªksa dh lgk;rk djus dks rrij jgrk gsa ¼4½ Hkkjr la;qdr jk"vª la?k,oa mlls lacaf/kr vu; lalfkkvksa dk lefkzu djrk gs rfkk mudk lg;ksx djrk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa ikfdlrku ds jk"vªifr v;wc [kka rfkk Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h yky cgknqj 'kkl=h ds e/; 19 tuojh 1966 dks,sfrgkfld rk'kdan le>ksrs ij glrk{kj gq,a bl le>ksrs dh 'krsz fueufyf[kr gsa 1- nksuksa i{kksa us vpns im+ksfl;ksa tsls lecu/k fuekz.k djus ij lgefr O;Dr dha 2- nksuksa i{kksa us ;g lgefr O;Dr dh fd os 5 vxlr 1965 ds iwoz ftl flfkfr esa Fks] ogka ls viuh lsuk,a cqyk ysaxsa 3- nksuksa i{k us,d nwljs ds vkurfjd ekeys esa glr{ksi u djus dk fu.kz; fy;ka mijksdrkuqlkj kj lgh folrkj djus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 16- lafo/kku dk vfkz %&% fdlh ns'k dk lafo/kku ml ns'k dh jktusfrd O;oLFkk dk cqfu;knh <kapk gksrk gs vfkkzr fdlh ns'k dk 'kklu ftu ewyhkwr fu;eksa o dkuwuksa ds vuqlkj pyk;k tkrk gs] muds ladfyr izys[k dks lafo/kku dgrs gsaa fo'ks"krk,a %&% ¼1½ fyf[kr,oa fo'kky lafo/kku %& Hkkjr dk lafo/kku fyf[kr vksj fufezr lafo/kku gs ftldk fuekz.k xfbr lafo/kku lhkk }kjk fd;k x;ka ;g vu; ns'kksa ds lafo/kku dh rqyuk esa fo'kky gsa 20

¼2½ dbksj vksj yphyk % Hkkjrh; lafo/kku u bruk dbksj gs fd blesa la'kks/ku vlahko gksa u gh bruk yphyk gs fd la'kks/ku vklkuh ls gks lds vr% ;g fof'k"v izfø;k }kjk la'kksf/kr fd;k tk ldrk gsa ¼3½ leiw.kz izhkqro leiuu % Hkkjr viuh vkarfjd o fons'kh uhfr;ksa dk fu/kkzj.k djus esa iw.kzr% Lora= gsa bl ij fons'kh lrrk dk glr{ksi ;k vf/kdkj ugha gsa ¼4½ lalnh; 'kklu iz.kkyh % bl iz.kkyh esa dk;zikfydk dh oklrfod 'kkfdr;ka ea=h ifj"kn esa fufgr gs rfkk jk"vªifr uke ek= dk 'kkld gs ea=h ifj"kn lkewfgd mrrjnkf;ro ds fl)kar dk vuqlj.k djrh gsa uksv%& lektoknh,oa iafk fujis{krk] la?kkred 'kklu O;oLFkk] Lora=,oa fu"i{k U;k; ikfydk ¼dksbZ pkj½ bu fcunqvksa ij Hkh fooj.k fn;k tk ldrk gsa lafo/kku dk vfkz ij 1 vad] rhu fo'ks"krkvksa ij 3 vad dqy 4 vad izkir gksaxsa eksfyd vf/kdkj %& ukxfjdksa ds lokzaxh.k fodkl gsrq lafo/kku }kjk 6 eksfyd vf/kdkj fn, x, gsa ¼1½ lekurk dk vf/kdkj %& bl vf/kdkj ds }kjk ukxfjdksa esa /kez] tkfr] fyax fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ij HksnHkko ugha fd;k tk,xka dkuwu ds le{k lhkh ukxfjd leku gsa ¼2½ Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj %& ukxfjdksa dks Hkk"k.k fopkj izdv djus] 'kkafriw.kz lhkk djus] la?k cukus] ns'k esa dgh Hkh Hkze.k o fuokl djus rfkk ns'k ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx esa O;olk; djus dh Lora=rk gksrh gsa ¼3½ /kkfezd Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj %& Hkkjr,d /kezfujis{k jk"vª gs ;gka izr;sd ukxfjd dks fdlh Hkh /kez dks ekuus dh Lora=rk nh xbz gsa izr;sd 21

/kekzuq;kf;;ksa dks viuh /kkfezd lalfkk,a LFkkfir djus o izca/ku djus dh Lora=rk gsa ¼4½ 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vf/kdkj %& izr;sd ukxfjd dks 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vkokt mbkus dk vf/kdkj gsa blds varxzr csxkj ysus dk] 14 o"kz ls de vk;q oxz ds cppksa ls etnwjh djkus ij jksd yxkbz xbza ¼5½ lald`fr o f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj %& Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks viuh Hkk"kk] fyfi o viuh lald`fr dks lqjf{kr j[kus dk rfkk mlds fodkl djus dk iwjk vf/kdkj gsa ¼6½ laos/kkfud mipkjksa dk vf/kdkj %& bl vf/kdkj ds }kjk ukxfjdksa dks vius vu; ikap eksfyd vf/kdkjksa ds laj{k.k dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gsa eksfyd vf/kdkjksa dk guu gksus ij ukxfjd U;k;ky dh 'kj.k ysdj U;k; ekax ldrs gsa eksfyd vf/kdkj dk folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 17- iwathoknh vkffkzd iz.kkyh dh fo'ks"krk,a& 1- mrifrr ds lk/kuksa ij futh LokfeRo & iwathoknh vkffkzd iz.kkyh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a ;g gs fd blesa mrifrr ds lhkh lk/kuksa ij futh O;fDr;ksa dk LokfeRo gksrk gsa bl izdkj iwathoknh vfkzo;olfkk esa /ku dekus vksj mldk viuh bpnk ds vuqlkj mi;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj gksrk gsa 2- vkffkzd Lora=rk & iwathoknh vfkzo;olfkk esa dksbz Hkh O;olk; pquus vksj mls bpnkuqlkj pykus dh Lora=rk jgrh gsa mihkksdrkvksa dks Hkh viuh :fp,oa vknr ds vuqlkj olrqvksa dks pquus dh Lora=k jgrh gsa 3- ykhk dh Hkkouk & bl iz.kkyh esa ykhk dh Hkkouk dk lokszpp LFkku gsa ;gh dkj.k gs fd ykhk dks iwathoknh iz.kkyh dk ân; dgk tkrk gsa iwathokn esa lhkh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lapkyu ykhk ds fy, fd;k tkrk gsa m fe;ksa dk eq[; y{; vius ykhk dks c<+uk gksrk gsa 22

4- 'kks"k.k ij vk/kkfjr & iwathoknh O;oLFkk esa nks oxz gksrs gsa ;Fkk&iwathifr oxz vksj Jfed oxza iwthoknh oxz vius ykhk dks c<+kus ds fy, cgqr de etnwjh nsrk gsa blls Jfedksa dk 'kks"k.k gksrk gsa blhfy, dgk tkrk gs fd iwathoknh vkffkzd iz.kkyh 'kks"k.k ij vk/kkfjr jgrh gsa 5- izfr;ksfxrk & iwathoknh vkffkzd iz.kkyh ds varxzr mrikndksa esa vkil esa de ewy; ij vf/kd olrq,a cspus dh izfr;ksfxrk gksrh gsa mihkksdrk Hkh de ls de ewy; ij vpnh olrq,a [kjhnus dk iz;kl djrs gsa mrikndksa esa ijlij izfr;ksfxrk gksus ls vdq'ky mriknd izfr;ksfxrk ls gv tkrs gsa bl izdkj izfr;ksfxrk ls vfkzo;olfkk dh dk;z{kerk c<+rh gsa blls mihkksdrkvksa dks llrh,oa vpnh olrq,a izkir gksrh gsa uksv %& bu fcunqvksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkh fooj.k fy[kk tk ldrk gsa ¼ewY; ;a=] vfu;ksftr] vfkzo;olfkk] O;kikj pøksa dk gksuk] mihkksdrk dh izhkqlrrk½ mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz pkj ij folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa fefjr vfkz O;oLFkk,d,slh vkffkzd iz.kkyh gs ftlesa lkoztfud o futh nksuksa {ks= lkfk&lkfk dk;z djrs gsaa bu nksuksa {ks=ksa dh Hkwfedk vfkzo;olfkk esa bl izdkj fu/kkzfjr dh tkrh gsa ftlesa lekt ds lhkh oxksza ds vkffkzd dy;k.k esa o`f) gks ldsa Hkkjrh; ;kstuk vk;ksx ds vuqlkj& ^fefjr vfkzo;olfkk ea futh,ao lkoztfud {ks=?kfu"v :i ls lacaf/kr gksrs gsa rfkk nksuksa bdkbz ds nks?kvdksa ds :i esa dk;z djrs gsa* fefjr vfkzo;olfkk ds nks"k 1- nqczy,oa vdq'ky iz.kkyh %& fefjr vfkzo;olfkk esa ik;s tkus okys lkoztfud {ks=,oa futh {ks= iw.kzr% foijhr i)fr ls dk;z djus okys {ks= gsa ftlds dkj.k buesa mfpr lkeatl; LFkkfir ugha gks ikrka ifj.kkelo:i 23

vfkzo;olfkk dk dq'ky lapkyu ugha gks ikrk vksj nksuksa {ks= ijlij iwjd u cudj izfrli/khz cu tkrs gsa vr% bls,d nqczy vksj vdq'ky iz.kkyh ekuk tkrk gsa 2- jk"vªh;dj.k dk Hk; %& fefjr iz.kkyh esa futh {ks= dks lnso jk"vªh;dj.k dk Hk; cuk jgrk gsaa bl Hk; ds dkj.k m fe;ksa esa fofu;ksx ds izfr fo'ks"k :fp,oa izsj.kk mriuu ugha gks ikrha jk"vªh;dj.k ds Hk; ds dkj.k fons'kh m eh Hkh bu ns'kksa esa viuh iwath dk fuos'k ugha djrsa iztkrkaf=d ns'kksa esa pquko ds ckn ljdkjsa cnyrh jgrh gsa blls ljdkjh uhfr;ksa,oa dk;zøeksa esa ifjorzu gks tkrk gsa blls vkffkzd fodkl dh xfr izhkkfor gksrh gsa 3- vdq'kyrk %&fefjr vfkzo;olfkk esa iwathokn,oa lektokn nksuksa ds nks"k fo eku jgrs gsaa bl iz.kkyh esa u rks fu;kstu ra= Bhd <ax ls dk;z dj ikrk gs vksj u gh cktkj ;a= fø;k'khy gks ikrk gsa blls vfkzo;olfkk esa vdq'kyrk QSy tkrh gsa 4- futh {ks= dks izksrlkgu ugha %& bl iz.kkyh esa ljdkj lkoztfud {ks= dks vf/kd egro nsrh gsa Qyr% futh {ks= dh mis{kk gksrh gsaljdkj uhfr;ksa,oa dk;kzy; Hkh futh {ks= ds fgr esa ugha gksrsa Qyr% futh {ks= dk leqfpr fodkl ugha gksrka 5- fons'kh iwath dk vkxeu %& lkoztfud {ks= ds folrkj gsrq ljdkj fons'kh iwath dks vkeaf=r djrh gsa blls ns'k esa fons'kh 'kfdr;ksa dk izhkko c<+ tkrk gsa fons'kh 'kfdr;ka ns'k dh jktusfrd O;oLFkk dks Hkh izhkkfor djrh gsa 6- O;kogkfjdrk dk vhkko %& fefjr vkffkzd iz.kkyh esa futh rfkk lkoztfud {ks= nksuksa lkfk&lkfk dk;z djrs gsa blls,d i{k dks tks uhfr;ka ykhnk;d gksrh gs] os nwljs i{k ds fy, gkfuizn gks ldrh gsa futh,oa lkoztfud {ks=ksa esa leuo; ds vhkko esa ijlij izfr;ksfxrk gks tkrh gsa ifj.kkelo:i vfkzo;olfkk ij foijhr izhkko im+rk gsa mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz pkj ij folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa 24

mrrj 18- ladsr ¼v½ dqgjk ¼c½ vksyk ¼l½ leiw.kz es?kkpnknu ¼n½ fge ¼b½ 'kkar ok;q izr;sd eksleh n'kk dks n'kkzus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxsa Hkkjr ds ekufp= esa fueu dks nsf[k, & ¼v½ vjc lkxj ¼c½ pkoy mriknd,d {ks= ¼l½ ckecs gkbz ¼n½ ddz js[kk ¼b½ vjkoyh iozr mrrj 19- caxky dk fohkktu lu~ 1905 esa ykmz dtzu }kjk fd;k x;ka mn~ns';& ¼1½ fgunqvksa vksj eqlyekuksa dh laxfbr 'kfdr dks rksm+dj mls ckavuk FkkA ¼2½ caxky ds iz'kklu dks lq/kkjuk FkkA ykmz dtzu ds vuqlkj caxky,d fo'kky izkar gs] vr% leqfpr iz'kklfud lapkyu ds fy, mldk fohkktu djuk vko';d FkkA ¼3½ caxky dh laxfbr jktusfrd Hkkouk dks lekir djuk rfkk jk"vªh;rk ds osx dks de djuk FkkA caxky fohkktu dc gqvk ij 1 vad mn~ns'; ij 4 vad dqy 5 vad izkir gksaxsa 25

Lora=rk vkanksyu ds nksjku xka/kh th us fueu rjhdksa dks viukus dks dgk & ¼1½ vkanksyu esa vfgalk dks viukuk&xka/kh th vfgalk dks lppk gffk;kj ekurs FksA ftlesa lhkh yksxksa dks thrus dh 'kfdr gksrh gsa ¼2½ vkanksyu esa usfrd lk/kuksa ds iz;ksx ij cy& xka/kh th us usfrdrk] U;k;] ifo=rk rfkk fuhkz;rk ij cy fn;ka ¼3½ egkrek xka/kh }kjk pyk;s x;s vkunksyu ds lk/ku & egkrek xka/kh ds vkunksyu iw.kzr;k vfgalkred Fks rfkk muds izeq[k lk/ku Fks& O;fDrxr lr;kxzg lkewfgd lr;kxzg] fons'kh eky dk cfg"dkj] 'kjkc dh nqdkuksa ij /kjuk rfkk ljdkjh uksdfj;ksa dk cfg"dkj FkkA mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 20- d'ehj lel;k % d'ehj dh lel;k Hkkjr o ikfdlrku ds chp,d tfvy lel;k gsa Lora=rk ds le; nks u;s jkt; cus] rks ns'kh fj;klrksa dks Lora=rk nh xbz fd og viuh bpnkuqlkj Hkkjr ;k ikfdlrku esa foy; gks ldrh gs ;k Lora= jg ldrh gsa vf/kdka'k fj;klrsa Hkkjr ;k ikfdlrku esa fey xbza d'ehj ds jktk gfjflag us viuh fj;klr teew&d'ehj dks Lora= j[kus dk fu.kz; fy;ka jktk gfjflag dk fopkj Fkk fd ;fn d'ehj ifdlrku esa feyrk gs rks teew dks fgunw turk vksj yn~nk[k dh cks) turk ds lkfk vu;k; gksxk vksj ;fn og Hkkjr ds lkfk feyrk gs rks eqflye turk ds lkfk vu;k; gksxka vr% mlus ;Fkk flfkfr cuk;s j[kh vksj foy; ds fo"k; esa dksbz fu.kz; ugha fy;ka 22 vdvwcj 1947 mrrj&if'pe lhek izkar ds dckbfy;ksa o vusd ikfdlrkfu;ksa us d'ehj ij vkøe.k dj fn;ka ikfdlrku d'ehj dks vius esa feykuk pkgrk Fkk vr% lsuk dks bdv~bk dj 26

viuh lhekvksa ij geyk dj fn;ka vkøe.k dkjh Jhuxj ls 25 ehy nwj ckjkewyk rd vk igqapsa d'ehj ds 'kkld us vkøe.k ls jkt; dh lqj{kk gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj ls lsfud lgk;rk ekaxh] lkfk gh d'ehj dks Hkkjr esa feyus dh izkfkzuk dha Hkkjr ljdkj us bl izlrko dks Lohdkj fd;k vksj Hkkjrh; lsukvksa dks d'ehj Hkst fn;ka Hkkjrh; iz/kkuea=h ia- tokgjyky usg: us ;g vk'oklu fn;k fd ;q) lekfir ij tc d'ehj esa 'kkafr LFkkfir gks tk;sxh rc d'ehj dh turk tuer laxzg ds vk/kkj ij fu'pr djsxh fd og fdlds lkfk feyuk pkgrh gsa izkjahk esa ikfdlrku ljdkj us vf/kdkfjd :i ls d'ehj ds ckjs esa dksbz er O;Dr ugha fd;k Fkk vr% Hkkjr ljdkj us ikfdlrku ljdkj ls dckbfy;sa dk ekxz can djus dks dgk] ijarq tc bl ckr ds izek.k feyus yxs fd ikfdlrku ljdkj dck;fy;ksa dh lgk;rk dj jgh gs rks xozuj tujy ekmuvcsvu dh lykg ij tuojh 1948 dks Hkkjr ljdkj us lqj{kk ifj"kn esa ;g f'kdk;r dh] fd dck;fy;ksa us ikfdlrku ls lgk;rk izkir djds Hkkjr ds,d vax d'ehj ij vkøe.k dj fn;k gs ftlls varjkz"vªh; 'kkafr o lqj{kk dks [krjk mriuu gks x;k gsa la;qdr jk"vª la?k dh lqj{kk ifj"kn us bl lel;k ds lek/kku ds fy, ikap jk"vªksa psdkslykokfd;k] vtszvkbuk] vesfjdk] dksyfec;k o csfyt;e ds lnl;ksa dk ny cuk;ka mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa fueukafdr fcunqvksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr vksj ckaxykns'k ds lecu/kksa dks Li"V fd;k x;k gsa 1- Lora= ckaxykns'k dh?kks"k.kk & 26 ekpz 1971 dks 'ks[k eqthc ds usr`ro esa Lora= ckaxykns'k dh?kks"k.kk xqir jsfm;ks ls dh xbza blds lkfk gh if'peh 27

ikfdlrku dk neupø 'kq: gqvka varr% 17 vizsy] 1971 dks ckaxykns'k esa Lora= izhkqlrk leiuu x.kra= dh?kks"k.kk dh xbz vksj fo'o dh ljdkjksa ls eku;rk iznku djus dk vkxzg fd;ka eqfdr la?k"kz ds nksjku yxhkx,d djksm+ ckaxykns'kh 'kj.kkfkhz Hkkjr esa vk x;s FksA bldk lh/kk izhkko Hkkjr dh lqj{kk o,drk&v[k.mrk ij Hkh im+ jgk FkkA ckaxykns'k dh lel;k ds lek/kku ds fy, Hkkjr dh rrdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jherh bafnjk xka/kh us dbz if'peh jk"vªksa dh ;k=k dh fdurq mugsa iw.kzr% lqyrk ugha feyha varr% 3 fnlecj 1971 dks Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ds e/; ;q) 'kq: gks x;ka 2- ckaxykns'k dks eku;rk %& ckaxykns'k ds rrdkfyu fons'k ea=h ds vuqjks/k ij Hkkjr us 6 fnlecj] 1971 dks gh ckaxykns'k us gqlsu vyh dks Hkkjr esa viuk izfke jktnwr fu;qdr dj fn;ka 3- Hkkjr&ckaXykns'k dh izfke lfu/k %& 10 fnlecj 1971 dks Hkkjr ds lkfk ckaxykns'k dh izfke lfu/k gqbza bl lfu/k esa Hkkjr lsfud vksj vkffkzd vk/kkj ij Lora= ckaxykns'k ds iqufuzekz.k ds fy, rs;kj gqvka lu~ 1971 ds ;q) esa ikfdlrku ds ijkftr gksrs gh ckaxykns'k dh ljdkj <kdk esa LFkkfir gks xbza Hkkjr dks varjkz"vªh; tuer ds le{k?kqvus Vsdrs gq, ikfdlrku dks 8 tuojh] 1971 dks vkokeh yhx usrk 'ks[k eqthcqjzgeku dks fjgk djus ij ck/; gksuk im+ka fjgkbz ds ckn 'ks[k us Hkkjr ds izfr viuk vkhkkj O;Dr fd;ka 4- Hkkjr&ckaXykns'k dh f}rh; lfu/k %& ckaxykns'k dks,d Lora= jk"vª ds :i esa LFkkfir djus ds mn~ns'; ls Hkkjr ckaxykns'k dh f}rh; lfu/k gqbz Hkkjr vksj HkwVku ds ckn,d Lora= jk"vª ds :i esa ckaxykns'k ds iwohz tezuh] usiky] cekz vkfn ns'kksa us Hkh eku;rk ns nha tuojh 1972 esa dkfgjk esa výsf'k;kbz ns'kksa dk,drk leesyu gqvka ftlesa ckaxykns'k dks LFkk;h lnl; cuokus esa Hkkjr us viuk cm+iiu fn[kk;ka Hkkjr us ckaxykns'k ds lkfk O;kikj vksj lkald`frd le>ksrs Hkh fd;sa 9 vxlr 28

1972 dks Hkkjr us ckaxykns'k dks la;dr jk"vª la?k ds lnl; jk"vªksa ds :i esa eku;rk fn;s tkus dks lefkzu fd;k ijarq phu }kjk ohvks ikoj ls bl dk;z esa Hkkjr dks lqyrk ugha feyha mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 21- yksdlhkk lnl; dh ;ksx;rk,a & ¼1½ og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksa ¼2½ mldh vk;q 25 o"kz ;k mlls vf/kd gksa ¼3½ og dsunz ;k izkur ljdkjksa ds v/khu fdlh ykhk ds in ij u gksa ¼4½ mls fdlh l{ke U;k;ky; us ikxy ;k fnokfy;k?kksf"kr u fd;k gksa ¼5½ mls laln ds fdlh dkuwu }kjk pquko ym+us ds v;ksx;?kksf"kr u fd;k gksa mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz pkj ;ksx;rk,a fy[kus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa ftyk iapk;r ds dk;z & ¼1½ ftys dh vkarfjd tuin iapk;rksa rfkk xzke iapk;rksa ij fu;a=.k j[kuk rfkk mudk ekxz n'kzu djuka ¼2½ tuin iapk;r dh ;sktukvksa dk mfpr <+ax ls leuo; djuka ¼3½ ftys dh mu ;kstukvksa dks tks nks ;k vusd tuin iapk;rksa ds varxzr fopkjk/khu gsa mugsa O;ogkfjd :i nsuka ¼4½ izeq[k iz;kstuksa ds fy, iapk;rksa }kjk dh xbz vuqnku dh ekax dks jkt; ljdkj rd igqapkuka ¼5½ jkt; ljdkj }kjk fn;s x;s dk;ksza dks O;ogkfjd :i nsuka ¼6½ ifjokj dy;k.k] cky dy;k.k rfkk [ksy dwn o fodkl laca/kh fø;kdykiksa ls jkt; ljdkjksa dks lykg nsuka 29

mijksdrkuqlkj dksbz pkj dk;z fy[kus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 22- eknd inkfkksza dk 'kjhj ij izhkko ¼1½ LokLF; ij izfrdwy izhkko & eknd inkfkksza ds lsou ls /khjs&/khjs 'kjhj f'kffky gksus yxrk gs vksj jksx mls?ksj ysrs gsa ¼2½ ekufld dk;z {kerk ij izhkko & O;fDr dh 'kkjhfjd o ekufld dk;z {kerk?kv tkrh gsa T;knk dk;z djus dh 'kfdr ugha jgrh gsa ¼3½ vkffkzd flfkfr [kjkc gksus ls cppksa dk fodkl vo#) gksus yxrk gsa ¼4½ ikfjokfjd v'kkafr esa o`f) &eknd inkfkksza ds lsou ls ikfjokfjd v'kkafr esa o`f) gksrh gs] vksj ekufld ruko c<+us ls ikfjokfjd dyg c<+rk gsa ¼5½ eknd inkfkksza ds lsou ls u'ks ds vkfn O;fDr dh tynh e`r;q gks tkrh gsa ikap izhkkoksa dk folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa lkeiznkf;drk dks nwj djus ds mik; & ¼1½ lhkh /keksza dh feyh tqyh izkfkzuk lekvksa dk vk;kstu djuk pkfg,a ¼2½ f'k{kk esa izkjahk ls gh usfrd vksj vk/;kfred ewy;ksa dks tksm+uk pkfg,a ¼3½ dkuwu ykxw djus esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk HksnHkko ugha djuk pkfg,a ¼4½ jktuhfr /kez ij vk/kkfjr ugha gksuh pkfg,a ¼5½ ljdkj o lekt dks dksbz,slk dk;z ugha djuk pkfg, tks lkeiznkf;drk dks c<+kok nsrk gksa ikap mik;ksa dk folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 23- e`nk vijnu ds dkj.k & e`nk vijnu ds dkj.k fueu gs & 30

1½ oukas dk fouk'k & d`f"k ds fy, Hkwfe dk folrkj djus rfkk tykus o bekjrh ydm+h dh c<+rh gqbz ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, finys o"kksza ls ouksa dk fouk'k gks jgk gsa Qyr% ikuh dks fu;fu=r djus dh 'kfdr?kvh gs vksj Hkwfe dk dvko c<+ x;k gsa 2½ vr;f/kd i'kq pkj.k&i'kq pkj.k ls fu;a=.k u j[kus ls Hkh taxyksa dh?kkl dkv yh tkrh gs tkuojksa }kjk pj yh tkrh gs blls Hkwfe dh Åijh ijr gv tkrh gs] vksj Hkwfe dvko gksus yxrk gsa 3½ vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk >wafex d`f"k djuk & gekjs ns'k esa vusd LFkkuksa ij vkfnoklh taxyksa dks lkq djds [ksrh djrs gsa fqj ml Hkwfe dks NksM+dj nwljs LFkkuksa ij pys tkrs gsa] ftlls igys okyh Hkwfe ij dvko dh lel;k mriuu gks tkrh gsa 4½ iou vijnu & bl rjg dk dvko oulifr dk vkoj.k gvus ls gksrk gsa Hkw&xHkZ esa ikuh dh lrg ls vr;f/kd uhps pys tkus ls Hkh ok;q vijnu gksrk gsa 5½ Hkkjh o"kkz & fev~vh dk dvko Hkkjh o"kkz ls gksrk gs] D;ksafd fev~vh dvdj cg tkrh gsa oklro esa ikuh ls gksus okys dvko rhu rjg ds gksrk gs&igyk ijr dk dvko fqj] ukyh dk dvko vksj vur eas ck<+ dk dvkoa e`nk laj{k.k & e`nk laj{k.k ds fy, fueu mik; fd, tk ldrs gsa ¼1½ fev~vh dh mozjd cuk, j[kus ds fy, jklk;fud mozjdksa ds lkfk&lkfk tsfod [kknksa dks Hkh iz;ksx esa ykuka ¼2½ o`{kk yxkdj e`nk vijnu jksduka ¼3½ [ksrh dh Åaph esm+ cukuka ¼4½ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa pjkxkgks dk fodkl djuka 31

¼5½ iozrh; Hkkxksa esa lh<+huqek [ksr cukuka pkj dkj.k k ij 4 vad nks laj{k.k ds mik; ij 4 vad dqy 6 vad izkir gksaxsa ouksa ls gksus okys izr;{k ykhk %& 1- ydm+h dh izkfir %& ouksa ls izkir ydm+h,d egroiw.kz bza/ku gsa o`{kksa ls lkxksu] lky] nsonkj] 'kh'ke] vkcuwl panu vkfn dh ydfm+;ka feyrh gsa 2- xks.k inkfkksza dh izkfir %& ouksa ls ckal] csar] yk[k] lky] 'kgn] xksan ] pem+k jxus ds inkfkz] tm+h cwfv;ka vkfn xks.k inkfkz izkir gksrs gsaa 3- pjkxkg %& ou i'kqvksa ds mrre pjkxkg o fuokl LFky gksrs gsa tgka tkuojksa ds fy, Hkkstu Hkh izkir gksrk gsa 4- jkstxkj %& ouksa ls izkir dpps inkfkksza ds vk/kkj ij m ksx pyrs gs ftlls dbz yksxksa dks jkstxkj feyrk gsa 5- fons'kh eqnzk dk vtzu %& ouksa ls izkir yk[k] rkjihu rsy] panu ydm+h ls fufezr dykred olrq,a fu;kzr djus ls fons'kh eqnzk dk vtzu gksrk gsa vizr;{k ykhk %& 1- tyok;q dks le cuk, j[kuk %& ou tyok;q dks e`nq cukdj xehz vksj lnhz dh rhozrk dks de djrs gsa 2- o"kkz esa lgk;d % ok"iksrltzu fø;k rfkk ouksa dh ueh ds dkj.k ckny ueh izkir dj o"kkz djrs gsa 3- ck<+ksa ls j{kk %& ou ikuh ds osx dks de djrs gs rfkk ck<+ ds ikuh dks lks[k ysrs gs ftlls ck<+ ij fu;a=.k gksrk gsa 4- Hkwfe ds dvko ij jksd %& ou Hkwfe ds dvko dks jksdrs gs ftlls e`nk dh Åijh lrg ugha cg ikrh vksj Hkwfe ds vko';d iks"kd rroksa esa deh ugha gksrha 32

5- mozjk'kfdr esa o`f) %& o`{kksa ds irrs]?kkl] ism+ o iks/ks >kfm+;ka vkfn Hkwfe ij fxjdj lm+dj áwel dk fuekz.k djrh gs vksj Hkwfe dh mozjk 'kfdr c<+krh gsa rhu izr;{k o rhu vizr;{k ykhkksa dk o.kzu djus ij dqy 6 vad izkir gksaxsa mrrj 24- vkffkzd 'kks"k.k us vlarks"k dks tue fn;ka vaxzsth lkezkt; dh LFkkiuk vksj fczvsu esa vks ksfxd Økafr ds QyLo:i Hkkjrh; m ksx&/ka/kksa ¼dqVhj m ksx½ dks xgjk /kddk yxka Hkkjr ls fu;kzr gksus okys eky ij pqaxh dh njsa fons'kksa esa c<+k nh x;h vksj baxysam dh fufezr olrqvksa ds vk/kkj ij pqaxh dh NwV nsdj mugsa Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esa cspk tkus yxka blls dqvhj m ksxksa dks Hkkjh /kddk yxka Hkkjr dk /ku fujarj fu"dkflr gksrk x;k ftlls vkffkzd <kapk ym+[km+k x;ka vr% Hkkjrh; vkffkzd nklrk ds ca/ku ls eqdr gksus ds fy;s la?k"kz djus dks rs;kj gq,a mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 6 vad izkir gksaxsa okbljk; ykmz fjiu us tkrh; Hksn &Hkko dks nwj djus ds fy,,d dkuwu cuk;k ftls fof/k lnl; bycvz us rs;kj fd;k vr% bls byovz fcy dgk tkrk gsa blds }kjk Hkkjrh; eftlvªsv vksj ls'ku tt dks QkStnkjh eqdneksa esa ;wjksih; yksxksa dh lquokbz dk vf/kdkj fn;k tkrk Fkk tc ;g fcy tkrh; HksnHkko dks nwj djus gsrq yk;k x;k rks Hkkjr esa clus okys ;wjksfi;ksa us bycvz foy dk laxfbr gksdj fojks/k fd;k vksj bls dkyk dkuwu ekuka vr% fczfv'k ljdkj dks bycvz fcy okil ysuk im+ka bycvz fcy dk vaxsztksa }kjk fojks/k iztkfr; Hksn Hkko dh uhfr dks mtkxj djrk FkkA ;gh eq[; dkj.k FkkA mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 6 vad izkir gksaxsa & & & & & & 33