ICEF 2016 : Smart Grids Energy Recourse Aggregation - Next Paradigm in Electric Energy System October 5, 2016 Hideo Ishii, Ph.D. Professor Advanced Collaborative Research Organization for Smart Society (ACROSS) & Research Institute for Advanced Network Technology (RIANT) Waseda University Copyright 2016 Waseda University, All Right Reserved
Long term perspective of electricity demand & supply The Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, April 2015 966 Bill.kWh Consumption Economic Growth 1.7%/year T&D loss etc. Drastic Energy Saving 196Bill.Wh ( 17%) 981 Bill.kWh 1065Bill.kWh Power Source 1278Bill.kWh Saving RES 23% Nuc. 21% GAS 27% Geothermal 1.1% Biomass 4.2% Wind 1.7% PV 7% Hydro 9% Coal 26% OIL 3% 2013 2030 2030 1
Primary Drivers of Energy Policy Supply Side Electric Power System Reform : Full liberalization of retail Mixed use of various resources while increasing RES Demand Side Smart Energy Saving by xems NET Zero Energy House / Building (ZEH / ZEB) Battery, Storage Smart Demand : Demand Response Co-Generation, FC EV / PHV 2
Paradigm Change in Electric Energy System Large Power Plants + Bulk Grid Electric Power System Reform Large scale RE installation Cooperation with Distributed System - Various Resources: e.g. EV, Battery - Integration vs Local Optimum Demand : Given (Forecast) Vertically Integrated Power Flow : one way Basically Dispatchable Generation Demand : Control - DR, Nega-watt Trading Horizontally Divided - New Rules, e.g. Simultaneous Equivalence Power Flow : bi-directional Intermittent (Renewable) 3
Smart Demand Demand Response(DR)~Smart Energy Consumption Use of controlled demand (nega-watt) for electricity balance Compensation for supply shortage, efficient power system Power Generators Demand Response Supply = Demand Posiwatt D Present Demand Negawatt Supply = Demand 4
Standardization of Communication Interface for DR Utility Smart Houses HEMS Aggregator Transmission standard:echonet-lite Smart Buildings + DR Object USER Data Base BEMS Transmission standard:bacnet etc. OpenADR OpenADR, ECHONET-Lite, etc. 5
FIT System for PV (July, 2012~) Purchase Price (eventually lowered in every FY) <10kW : >10kW : 42JPY/kWh (initial) reverse power only (surplus) fixed over 10 years 40JPY/kWh (initial) all generation fixed over 20 years Certification Two steps are required. Certification by the Minister (METI) Interconnection approval by the local Utility 6
Operating and certificated capacity of PV (as of June, 2014) 7
6:00 6:17 6:34 6:51 7:08 7:25 7:42 7:59 8:16 8:33 8:50 9:07 9:24 9:41 9:58 10:15 10:32 10:49 11:06 11:23 11:40 11:57 12:14 12:31 12:48 13:05 13:22 13:39 13:56 14:13 14:30 14:47 15:04 15:21 15:38 15:55 16:12 16:29 16:46 Revision of FIT (December, 2014) New Output Control Scheme Remote control function, All capacity <360hr/year, without conpensation Demonstration PJ (Dec. 2015-Jan. 2016) Utility 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PN or Internet OpenADR シナリオ 1 LOAD_CONTROL (1/13) PV output Solar radiation curtailment temperature adaptor PCS 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 112% KYUSYU STOP Peak Demand 最大電力 (H25 年夏期実績 ) 太陽光 風力設備認定量 (H26 年 3 月末実績 ) Approved Capacity HOKKAIDO 72% KANSAI HOKURIKU 18% 19% CHUGOKU 47% STOP STOP 45% SHIKOKU 27% CHUBU TOHOKU 88% STOP TOKYO 31% 外気温 ( 左軸 ) 発電量 (% 左軸 ) 日射強度 (W/m^2, 右軸 ) 8
Integration of various DER 9
Energy Energy Energy Resource Aggregation Energy Energy A Time Customers RE holders B Time Energy Resource Aggregation C Energy $ Energy Service $ Time Aggregators (Retailers) C B A Energy & Services $ Time T&D Market LOAD Retailers STORAGE GENERATOR 10
Electric Power System Reform & Markets Spot Market (day ahead) Hour-Ahead Market Negawatt Market Real-time Market Imbalance adjustment Adjustment Capacity Procurement 11
ERABF(Energy Resource Aggregation Business Forum) Launched on Jan. 26, 2016 Waseda Univ. Industry Collaborate with METI- ERAB Study Group