Biofine Technology, LLC Cellulosic Biodiesel www.biofinetechnology.com 1
CELLULOSE AND STARCH THE BIOFINE PROCESS CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL BIOFINE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE THE BIOFINE BIO-REFINING PROCESS LEVULINIC ACID: A VERSATILE PLATFORM CHEMICAL LEVULINATE ESTERS: A NEW CLASS OF CELLULOSIC ADVANCED BIOFUELS TEST WORK (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY) LIFE CYCLE CARBON DIOXIDE SAVINGS AND BENEFITS FOR HEATING OIL FEEDSTOCKS AND POTENTIAL LOCATIONS PRODUCTION - WHAT WILL IT COST? BIOFINE
Biofine Process Fast Chemical Conversion First Stage Plug Flow Reactor Fast Reaction (Seconds) Cellulose Sugars Intermediates I OHC O CH 2 OH HMF Slower Reaction (Minutes) Intermediates II Second Stage Back Mixed Reactor Levulinic Acid (50wt %) BYPRODUCTS: Tars (30 wt%) Formic Acid (20 wt %)
THE BIOFINE PROCESS (THE BIOREFINERY ) FEEDSTOCKS PRODUCTS BIOMASS CROPS LEVULINIC SPECIALTY ACID CHEMICALS ARGICULTURAL RESIDUES COMMODITY CELLULOSIC FORMIC CHEMICALS SLUDGES THE ACID DOWNSTREAM WASTE PAPER WOOD BIOFINE PROCESS FURFURAL CONVERSION HERBICIDES PESTICIDES HEATING OIL STARCH MOLASSES LIGNEOUS TRANSPORTATION CHAR FUELS BIOFINE
LEVULINIC ACID: ONE OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY S SELECT TWELVE PLATFORM CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS HO HO HO O O succinic acid O O NH 2 aspartic acid O O itaconic acid OH OH OH OH xylitol OH OH OH OH O HO OH 3-hydroxypropionic acid HO OH OH glycerol O OH O levulinic acid OH OH OH OH OH OH sorbitol O O HO OH NH 2 glutamic acid HO O O 4-hydroxybutyrolactone O O HO O OH 2,5-furandicacboxylic acid O OH OH OH HO OH OH O glucaric acid
8 Liquid Fuel Markets U.S. Fuel Markets: Heating oil 7+ billion gallons Diesel Fuel 53+ billion gallons Gasoline 140+ billion gallons
DRIVERS FOR RENEWABLE LIQUID FUELS Sustainable Development (Social, Economic and Environmental) Kyoto Reduction of Atmospheric Carbon Emissions Legislation (Carbon Control Programs for Fuels) Synergy with Primary Carbon Use (Liquids) Convenience of Use -High energy content (Liquid Fuels) Improved Product Performance (Cleaner Burning) Security of Supply (Home Grown Fuels) Agricultural Support (Energy Farms, Ag Byproducts) New Business Potential (Huge markets)
LEVULINATE ESTERS CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL A NEW CLASS OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL FOR USE IN COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL HEATING OIL BIOFINE
CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL LEVULINIC ACID ESTERS EASILY PRODUCED FROM LEVULINIC ACID AND AN ALCOHOL (ETHANOL OR METHANOL) BIODIESEL FROM NON-FOOD FEEDSTOCKS - CELLULOSE GREENHOUSE GAS SAVING OVER 90% GRAS - PRESENT MARKET IS IN FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES SAFE - HIGH FLASH POINT TEMPERATURE LOW FREEZING POINT CLEAN COMBUSTION (HIGH EFFIC, LOW PARTICULATE) ROUTE FOR METHANOL OR ETHANOL INTO HEAVY FUELS REASONABLE ENERGY DENSITY (100,000 BTU PER GALLON) LOW VISCOSITY, HIGH LUBRICITY BLENDS WITH BIODIESEL IN ALL PROPORTIONS MUTUAL SOLVENCY WITH BIODIESEL IN DIESEL AND H.O. EXTENDS AVAILABILITY OF FAME TO MEET DEMAND BIOFINE
LEVUINATE ESTER FUEL TESTING PROGRAM AT BNL LEVULINIC ESTER BLENDS WITH BIODIESEL AND No. 2 HEATING OIL FUNDED BY NORA, BIOFINE AND BNL OXIDATIVE STABILITY (RANCIMAT) ELASTOMER TESTING (NITRILE, VITON, TEFLON) (IN-PROGRESS) COMBUSTION TESTING (EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS) BLEND MISCIBILITY ESTERS WITH BIODIESEL AND No.2 H.O. COLD TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR (CLOUD/POUR) (IN PROGRESS) WATER ABSORPTION BURNER CLEANING EFFECT FOR GUM DEPOSITION (IN-PROGRESS)
BIODIESEL OXIDATIVE STABILITY EFFECT OF LEVULINATE ESTERS BNL DATA
COMBUSTION QUALITY RESULTS SUMMARY (Operational data from oil-fired test boiler at BNL) CO CO2 % SO2 EFF% NOx (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) No. 2 Oil 6.6 13% 61 86.6% 119 Levulinate Ester 2.1 10% 2 86.2% 39
LEVULINATE ESTER COMBUSTION IN OIL BURNER B.N.L. Photos 100% E.L. and No. 2 Heating Oil (B.N.L. notes lean burn of E.L. and less excess air required) Ethyl Levulinate EL-100 No. 2 Home Heating Oil BIOFINE
3.5 GENERATOR TESTING - 35% LESS SMOKE WITH LEVULINATE ESTER BLEND Texaco R&D funded by NYSERDA 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 LSRD 1 LE Blend LSRD 2
LEVULINATE ESTER USE WITH BIODIESEL (FAME) - MISCIBILITY B.N.L. Photo of 50% Levulinate Ester and 50% Biodiesel BIOFINE
LEVULINATE ESTER USE WITH BIODIESEL (FAME) - MISCIBILITY B.N.L. Photo of 5% Ester, 5% Biodiesel, 90% heating Oil BIOFINE
LOW TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF ESTER BLENDS TESTING IN PROGRESS PER ASTM D-5771 AND D-5950 INITIAL QUALITATIVE TESTING CONFIRM SIGNIFICANT LOW TEMPERATURE BENEFITS ON CLOUD POINT AND CFPP
WATER ABSORPTION WITH ESTER BLENDS HEATING OIL/BIODIESEL/ESTER BLENDS REJECT WATER BLENDS ARE STABLE IN PRESENCE OF WATER NO MEASURABLE CHANGE IN SEPARATED WATER VOLUME SUPPORTED BY PREVIOUS TEST WORK (PER ASTM D-1094)
GREENHOUSE GAS LIFE CYCLE ANALYSES FOR LEVULINATES FUNDED BY BIOFINE CARRIED OUT INDEPENDENTLY BY EARTHSHIFT LLC (VERMONT/N.H.) GREET MODEL (ANL) ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOMASS-DERIVED FUELS COMPARED LEVULINATE ESTER TO BIODIESEL AND GASOLINE/DIESEL
Urban Solid Waste
BIOFINE Material and Energy Flows for Production and Utilization of Chemicals & Fuels from Biomass
LEVUNIATE ESTERS VERSUS FOSSIL FUEL 600 GHG EMISSIONS FROM LEVULINATE ESTERS VS CONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS 500 400 300 200 100 0 GASOLINE DIESEL LEVULINATE GRAMS GHG PER MILE ESTER
GHG EMISSIONS FROM LEVULINATE ESTERS AND SOY BIODIESEL 100 GHG EMISSIONS FROM REGULAR DIESEL, SOY BIODIESEL AND LEVULINATE ESTER Kg per million BTU 80 60 40 20 0 REGULAR DIESEL SOY BIODIESEL LEVULINATE ESTER -20
SIGNIFICANCE FOR HEATING OIL EMISSIONS BLENDING REQUIREMENT WITH HEATING OIL TO ACHIEVE GHG PARITY WITH NATURAL GAS HEAT SOY BIODIESEL 12% LEVULINATE ESTER 6% 50/50 BIODIESEL/LEVULINATE ESTER BLEND 9%
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LARGE SCALE COMMERCIAL APPLICATION Facility Feedstock Capacity Direct jobs created Supply jobs created Induced jobs TOTAL JOBS CREATED Construction jobs created Petroleum Displacement 1,000 dry tonnes per day 90 full time equivalents 58 full time equivalents 337 full time equivalents 486 full time equivalents 565 job years (250 per year) 1,000,000 barrels/yr Innovative Natural Resource Solutions LLC BIOFINE
Co-location Pulp and/or paper mill Power Plants Waste Recycling Plants Saves capital and operating costs Leverages existing infrastructure and resources 29
PROCESS ECONOMICS: BIOREFINERY CAPITAL, OPERATING COST and PROFITABILITY Facility type Dry woody biomass (forest residues) Large Scale Brown Field 1000 Dry Metric Ton/day Capacity (Ester: Metric Ton /yr) 145,000 ISBL Capital $MM (incl. power island) Feedstock Cost Manufacturing cost($/mt of EL) By Product Credit ($/MT of EL) $200 million $70/dry Metric Ton $606/metric ton $180 per metric ton Total Production Cost $/MT ($/gallon) $426 ($1.63) Total Projected Revenues (with byproduct credits) Total Projected Earnings (EBIDTA) $142 million per year $64 million per year per plant 30
Biomass Conversion Cost Large Scale Operation Biomass delivered Fuel Production Cost $70 per dry tonne $4 per GJ $ 426 per tonne $17 per GJ Compare: Gasoline at $2.15/gallon $740 per tonne $17 per GJ BIOFINE
Biofine Technology, LLC Stephen W. Fitzpatrick Ph.D. (508) 532 6760 extn 11 WWW.BIOFINETECHNOLOGY.COM 33