Figure 1 Map of intersection of SR 44 (Ravenna Rd) and Butternut Rd

Abbreviated Study District: 12 County: Geauga Route: SR 44 Section: 1.58 GEA 44 1.58 213 HSP # 47 (Rural Intersection) Prepared April 23, 215 By Bryan Emery Existing Conditions This study contains the intersection of SR 44 (Ravenna Road) and Butternut Road (CR 21) in Newbury Township, Ohio. SR 44 is classified as a rural principal arterial and is signed for 45 MPH under Speed Limit Revision 6595 and 8176. Butternut Road is classified as a Rural Local Road and is signed for 55 MPH. The intersection is controlled by overhead flashing beacons, with Butternut Road stop controlled and SR 44 yield controlled. Butternut Road Figure 1 Map of intersection of SR 44 (Ravenna Rd) and Butternut Rd According to 213 Traffic Survey Reports, SR 44 ADT is 676 with approximately 7.5% truck traffic. The ADT for Butternut Road left of SR 44 is 1371 vehicles and 154 vehicles right of SR 44. There are 11 residential driveways within 5 feet of the intersection, with the closest approximately 5 to the west. Single intersection warning signs (W2 1) with supplemental name plaques (W16 8P, Butternut Rd ) are present on both approaches of SR 44, approximately 25 in advance of the intersection. Single stop ahead warning signs (W3 1) are present on both approaches of Butternut Rd, approximately 55 east

and 75 west of the intersection. Stop signs are present on both stop controlled approaches in addition to the overhead flashing red beacons. Using INRIX traffic data, the 85 th percentile speed was calculated to be 48 MPH on SR 44. Crash Information A total of 15 crashes were pulled at the intersection during the years 211 213. Three crashes were hand logged and found to be outside the study area. One of the remaining 12 crashes was hand logged but remained within the study area. The following tables represent the breakdown of total number of crashes per year, type of crash, road condition, location, time of day, and day of the week for the intersection. TRAFFIC CRASH YEAR Number % 211 4 33.3% 212 5 41.7% 213 3 25.% Grand Total 12 1.% TYPE OF CRASH Number % Angle 1 83.3% Sideswipe - Meeting 1 8.3% Rear End 1 8.3% Grand Total 12 1.% HOUR OF DAY Number % 6 1 8.3% 7 1 8.3% 8 1 8.3% 1 1 8.3% 14 1 8.3% 15 1 8.3% 16 3 25.% 17 2 16.7% 18 1 8.3% Grand Total 12 1.% LOCATION Number % Four-Way Intersection 12 1.% Grand Total 12 1.% ROAD CONDITION Number % Road - Dry 7 58.3% Road - Wet 3 25.% Road - Snow 2 16.7% Grand Total 12 1.% DAY OF WEEK Number % Thursday 3 25.% Friday 3 25.% Wednesday 3 25.% Saturday 2 16.7% Monday 1 8.3% Grand Total 12 1.% A collision diagram depicting the intersection has been included in Appendix A. HSP History Rank Year List #391 211 Rural Intersections

Probable Causes The most frequent crash type was angle, with almost 83% (1 crashes). Nine of the angle crashes involved drivers on Butternut Road failing to yield to cross traffic on SR 44. One additional crash involved a driver running the stop sign on Butternut. Wet pavement crashes accounted for only 25% of crashes, suggesting that skid resistance is not likely a contributing factor. Almost 5% (6 crashes) involved at fault drivers coming from the eastern approach of the intersection. No crashes involved incapacitating injuries or fatalities. The majority of crashes occurred during the evening rush hour, with 5% (6 crashes) between the hours of 4 PM 7 PM. Using an 85 th percentile speed of approximately 5 MPH, recommended warning sign distance is 25 according to the OMUTCD. Intersection warning signs on SR 44 were originally located approximately 1 from the intersection, but were relocated to the appropriate distance in July 213 as part of the 212 213 Systematic Intersection Signing Upgrade. Many of the angle crashes involved drivers on Butternut stopping and then creeping into the intersection prior to the crash, suggesting that sight distance of cross traffic is limited. Utility poles are located on the northeast and southwest corners of the intersection within the sight triangle. Stop bars were relocated closer to the intersection to provide better sight distance and stop signs were replaced with larger signs with post reflectors as part of the improvements in July 213 as well. Figure 2 and Figure 3 depict the sight distance from the eastbound and westbound approaches of the intersection. For more details on the signing and pavement marking upgrades made as part of the 212 213 Systematic Intersection Signing Upgrade, see the detailed work order in Appendix B. Figure 2 Eastbound Butternut Road sight distance from stop bar (11/21/214)

Figure 3 Westbound Butternut Road sight distance from stop bar (11/21/214) The high frequency of angle crashes may also be due to limited adequate gaps in crossing traffic due to high traffic volumes. Turning movement counts were obtained for the intersection on April 14, 215 and can be found in Appendix C. A signal warrant analysis was performed for the intersection using the traffic counts and can be found in Appendix D. Warrants 1, 2, 3, and 7 were evaluated but none were met. Countermeasures The following countermeasures should be considered for improving this intersection: Short Term Continue to monitor the results of the signing and pavement marking improvements made as part of the 212 213 Systematic Intersection Signing Upgrade. Implementation Plan Signing improvements and stop bar relocation are complete as of July 213. Turning movement counts and signal warrant analysis were performed in April 215, but a signal is not warranted. Continue to monitor the crash trends at the intersection in future years to determine if additional countermeasures are recommended.

Appendix A Collision Diagram

Appendix B Sign Work Order

ODOT D-12 WORK ORDER Table - 1 Work Order Number 1-23-74 Work Order X or Complaint Priority (1=High 2=Medium 3=Low) 2 Date Received By Travis Bonnett Complaint Source Brian Blayney, DSRT Chairman Address Phone Type of Complaint or Work Signing X Pavement Marking X Signals Materials Traffic Studies Other Location County CUY GEA X LAK Route(s) IR US SR 44 Log Point of Lowest Number Route 1.58 (Butternut Rd. Intersection) Nature of Complaint or Work 212-213 Systematic Intersection Signing Upgrade, Location G-2. SR 44 & Butternut Road: Install additional / replace intersection related signs and stop bars. Signs have been ordered from Central Office. Assigned to for Disposition Jim Mlinar Geauga County Date Remarks, Notes, or Sketch See Attached Signs Needed: 2 ea. Stop Sign (R1-1, 36 x36, 713) 2 ea. Intersection Warning (W2-1, 36 x36, 7286) 2 ea. Name Plaque (W16-8P, 8 x36, BUTTERNUT RD, 7748) Note: In addition to attached photos, new proposed sign locations field marked on edge of pavement with orange paint. New proposed stop bar locations field marked with white paint. Note: All signs to include matching post reflectors (ie. fluorescent yellow for warning signs and fluorescent red for stop signs). Need subject sign ordered No Damage Found Initial Date Initial Date Work Order Completed Date: Check Employee Name Return form to Travis Bonnett at the District 12 Office. Copies of completed work order will be kept on file at District Office.

1. SR 44 NB: Remove existing Intersection Warning sign and name plaque and Install upgraded Intersection Warning (W2-1, 36 x36, 7286) and Name Plaque (W16-8P, 8 x36, BUTTERNUT RD, 7748) at field marking 2 feet from intersection, across from SB 45mph speed limit sign. Location Notes: Existing intersection warning sign approximately 88 from intersection. Proposed location 2 from intersection.

2. SR 44 SB: Remove existing Intersection Warning sign and name plaque and Install upgraded Intersection Warning (W2-1, 36 x36, 7286) and Name Plaque (W16-8P, 8 x36, BUTTERNUT RD, 7748) at field marking 2 feet from intersection, across from NB 45mph speed limit sign. Location Notes: Existing intersection warning sign approximately 94 from intersection. Proposed location 2 from intersection.

3. Butternut Road EB: Replace existing Stop Sign with new Stop Sign (R1-1, 36 x36, 713) at same location.

4. Butternut Road WB: Replace existing Stop Sign with new Stop Sign (R1-1, 36 x36, 713) at same location.

5. Butternut Road: Replace Plastic Stop Bars on both side street approaches. Butternut Road EB: Move stop bar location 15 feet closer to intersection to provide better sight distance. New stop bar location 12 feet from edge line of SR 44. Approx Length = 16 feet. Butternut Road WB: Move stop bar location 1 feet closer to intersection to provide better sight distance. New stop bar location 12 feet from edge line of SR 44. Approx Length = 16 feet.

Appendix C Turning Movement Count

Ohio Department of Transportation 198 West Broad Street Mail Stop 516 Columbus, Ohio, United States 43223 +1614752899 Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us Office of Traffic Engineering Count Name: GEA-44 @ Butternut TMC Site Code: Start Date: 4/14/215 Page No: 1 Turning Movement Data Southbound Approach Westbound Approach Northbound Approach Eastbound Approach Start Time Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Right Thru Left U-Turn App. Total Right Thru Left U-Turn App. Total Right Thru Left U-Turn App. Total Right Thru Left U-Turn App. Total Int. Total 6: AM 32 32 3 3 3 9 3 22 5 3 1 1 2 73 6:15 AM 1 23 2 26 2 7 1 1 28 2 3 1 3 3 7 73 6:3 AM 5 65 1 71 1 8 5 14 4 35 4 43 3 5 8 136 6:45 AM 3 59 3 65 3 7 7 17 2 55 2 59 1 5 4 1 151 Hourly Total 9 179 6 194 9 25 16 5 9 14 13 162 2 12 13 27 433 7: AM 4 56 2 62 4 15 19 3 34 3 4 2 4 2 8 129 7:15 AM 87 2 89 14 14 28 3 48 4 55 6 4 3 13 185 7:3 AM 4 73 1 78 2 17 11 3 4 76 6 86 13 3 1 17 211 7:45 AM 2 71 1 74 4 1 5 19 5 88 3 96 4 8 5 17 26 Hourly Total 1 287 6 33 6 45 45 96 15 246 16 277 25 19 11 55 731 8: AM 2 55 1 58 3 4 7 14 4 64 2 7 1 4 4 9 151 8:15 AM 5 46 1 52 2 6 3 11 49 1 5 4 6 3 13 126 8:3 AM 3 47 5 55 4 1 3 17 2 79 3 84 5 6 7 18 174 8:45 AM 3 44 47 2 4 2 8 2 7 5 77 4 5 5 14 146 Hourly Total 13 192 7 212 11 24 15 5 8 262 11 281 14 21 19 54 597 9: AM 4 44 48 3 6 2 11 56 2 58 4 1 5 122 9:15 AM 3 57 6 4 3 1 8 3 35 1 39 5 3 8 115 9:3 AM 47 47 6 8 2 16 3 47 1 51 5 5 119 9:45 AM 53 53 2 2 3 7 2 41 1 1 45 1 2 3 6 111 Hourly Total 7 21 28 15 19 8 42 8 179 5 1 193 6 14 4 24 467 *** BREAK *** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2: PM 3 43 2 48 2 2 3 7 1 45 46 2 8 2 12 113 2:15 PM 3 61 2 66 3 1 3 16 6 52 4 62 1 3 4 8 152 2:3 PM 2 53 4 59 7 9 6 22 1 68 3 72 3 5 1 9 162 2:45 PM 5 52 4 61 2 3 5 4 59 63 4 9 9 22 151 Hourly Total 13 29 12 234 14 24 12 5 12 224 7 243 1 25 16 51 578 3: PM 3 51 3 57 3 7 5 15 4 7 1 75 5 7 5 17 164 3:15 PM 3 63 5 71 4 8 3 15 3 62 3 68 5 12 1 18 172 3:3 PM 9 71 8 2 1 3 15 6 65 2 73 2 1 1 13 181 3:45 PM 3 64 4 71 2 9 3 14 6 7 5 81 9 15 8 32 198 Hourly Total 18 249 12 279 11 34 14 59 19 267 11 297 21 44 15 8 715 4: PM 3 73 4 8 3 6 2 11 3 53 5 61 7 19 26 178 4:15 PM 5 6 2 67 3 6 3 12 2 53 1 56 6 9 1 16 151 4:3 PM 9 91 3 13 3 8 4 15 5 63 3 71 4 6 11 21 21 4:45 PM 5 64 5 74 7 2 9 8 7 6 84 1 11 8 29 196 Hourly Total 22 288 14 324 9 27 11 47 18 239 15 272 27 45 2 92 735 5: PM 2 63 2 67 3 5 1 9 8 68 3 79 8 11 6 25 18

5:15 PM 6 57 2 65 2 11 1 14 9 79 88 3 3 6 12 179 5:3 PM 5 44 3 52 3 6 9 11 7 4 85 3 8 6 17 163 5:45 PM 2 41 1 44 1 6 7 1 6 2 63 1 8 1 1 124 Hourly Total 15 25 8 228 9 28 2 39 29 277 9 315 15 3 19 64 646 6: PM 2 42 1 45 2 3 1 6 2 6 4 66 4 8 12 129 6:15 PM 5 32 6 43 4 7 2 13 8 41 1 5 2 8 2 12 118 6:3 PM 1 32 2 35 2 4 1 7 6 58 5 69 2 7 3 12 123 6:45 PM 1 25 26 3 5 1 9 1 38 2 41 3 9 3 15 91 Hourly Total 9 131 9 149 11 19 5 35 17 197 12 226 11 32 8 51 461 Grand Total 116 1941 74 2131 95 245 128 468 135 231 99 1 2266 131 242 125 498 5363 Approach % 5.4 91.1 3.5. - 2.3 52.4 27.4. - 6. 89.6 4.4. - 26.3 48.6 25.1. - - Total % 2.2 36.2 1.4. 39.7 1.8 4.6 2.4. 8.7 2.5 37.9 1.8. 42.3 2.4 4.5 2.3. 9.3 - Lights 18 1788 71 1967 94 242 124 46 132 1856 94 1 283 125 237 123 485 4995 % Lights 93.1 92.1 95.9-92.3 98.9 98.8 96.9-98.3 97.8 91.4 94.9 1. 91.9 95.4 97.9 98.4-97.4 93.1 Mediums 7 87 3 97 3 3 6 3 18 3 114 5 5 2 12 229 % Mediums 6. 4.5 4.1-4.6. 1.2 2.3-1.3 2.2 5.3 3.. 5. 3.8 2.1 1.6-2.4 4.3 Articulated Trucks 1 66 67 1 1 2 67 2 69 1 1 139 % Articulated Trucks.9 3.4. - 3.1 1.1..8 -.4. 3.3 2.. 3..8.. -.2 2.6

Ohio Department of Transportation 198 West Broad Street Mail Stop 516 Columbus, Ohio, United States 43223 +1614752899 Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us Office of Traffic Engineering Count Name: GEA-44 @ Butternut TMC Site Code: Start Date: 4/14/215 Page No: 3 Southbound Approach [N] Out In Total 273 1967 44 11 97 27 68 67 135 2251 2131 4382 18 1788 71 7 87 3 1 66 116 1941 74 R T L U U 94 1 95 R Eastbound Approach [W] Total 929 25 4 958 In 485 12 1 498 Out 444 13 3 46 123 2 125 L 237 5 242 T 125 5 1 131 R 4/14/215 6: AM Ending At 4/14/215 7: PM Lights Mediums Articulated Trucks T L U 245 128 1 3 3 242 124 451 468 919 2 2 11 6 17 44 46 9 Out In Total Westbound Approach [E] U L T R 1 94 1856 132 3 18 3 2 67 1 99 231 135 238 283 4121 95 114 29 68 69 137 221 2266 4467 Out In Total Northbound Approach [S] Turning Movement Data Plot

Ohio Department of Transportation 198 West Broad Street Mail Stop 516 Columbus, Ohio, United States 43223 +1614752899 Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us Office of Traffic Engineering Count Name: GEA-44 @ Butternut TMC Site Code: Start Date: 4/14/215 Page No: 5 Southbound Approach [N] Out In Total 269 275 544 2 15 35 9 9 18 298 299 597 5 265 5 2 13 1 8 8 286 5 R T L U Eastbound Approach [W] Total 117 5 2 124 In 56 56 Out 61 5 2 68 13 13 L 19 19 T 24 24 R U Peak Hour Data 4/14/215 7:15 AM Ending At 4/14/215 8:15 AM Lights Mediums Articulated Trucks R T L U 9 45 37 2 9 43 37 4 91 131 1 2 3 39 89 128 Out In Total Westbound Approach [E] U L T R 13 247 15 1 2 1 1 9 15 276 16 326 275 61 13 22 35 8 1 18 347 37 654 Out In Total Northbound Approach [S] Turning Movement Peak Hour Data Plot (7:15 AM)

Appendix D Signal Warrant Analysis

Study Name : 215-4-22_GEA-44 at Butternut_Signal Warrant Analysis Study Date : 4/23/15 Signal Warrants - Summary Page No. : 1 Major Street Approaches Northbound: SR-44 (Ravenna Rd) Number of Lanes: 1 Approach Speed: 41 Total Approach Volume: 2,265 Southbound: SR-44 (Ravenna Rd) Number of Lanes: 1 Approach Speed: 45 Total Approach Volume: 2,131 Minor Street Approaches Eastbound: Butternut Rd Number of Lanes: 1 Total Approach Volume: 498 Westbound: Butternut Rd Number of Lanes: 1 Total Approach Volume: 468 Warrant Summary (Rural values apply.) Warrant 1 - Eight Hour Vehicular Volumes... Not Satisfied Warrant 1A - Minimum Vehicular Volume...Not Satisfied Required volumes reached for hours, 8 are needed Warrant 1B - Interruption of Continuous Traffic...Not Satisfied Required volumes reached for 4 hours, 8 are needed Warrant 1 A&B - Combination of Warrants...Not Satisfied Required volumes reached for 2 hours, 8 are needed Warrant 2 - Four Hour Volumes... Number of hours (1) volumes exceed minimum < minimum required (4). Warrant 3 - Peak Hour... Not Satisfied Not Satisfied Warrant 3A - Peak Hour Delay...Not Satisfied Total approach volumes and delays on minor street do not exceed minimums for any hour. Warrant 3B - Peak Hour Volumes...Not Satisfied Volumes do not exceed minimums for any hour. Warrant 4 - Pedestrian Volumes... Not Evaluated Warrant 5 - School Crossing... Not Evaluated Warrant 6 - Coordinated Signal System... Not Evaluated Warrant 7 - Crash Experience... Number of accidents (3) is less than minimum (5). Volume minimums are not met. Warrant 8 - Roadway Network... Not Satisfied Not Evaluated

Study Name : 215-4-22_GEA-44 at Butternut_Signal Warrant Analysis Study Date : 4/23/15 Signal Warrants - Summary Page No. : 2 Minor Street - Higher Volume Approach (VPH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6189 14 8 7 15 16 17 Warrant Curves Peak Hour Warrant Four Hour Warrant [Rural, 1 major lane and 1 minor lane curves used] 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 Major Street - Total of Both Directions (VPH) Analysis of 8-Hour Volume Warrants: Hour Major Higher Minor War-1A War-1B War-1A&B Begin Total Vol Dir Major Crit Minor Crit Meets? Major Crit Minor Crit Meets? Major Crit Minor Crit Meets? : EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 1: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 2: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 3: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 4: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 5: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 6: 356 5 WB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 7: 58 96 WB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-Yes 53-Yes Both 42-Yes 84-Yes Both 8: 493 54 EB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-No 53-Yes Minor 42-Yes 84-No Major 9: 4 42 WB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 1: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 11: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 12: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 13: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 14: 477 51 EB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-No 53-No --- 42-Yes 84-No Major 15: 576 8 EB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-Yes 53-Yes Both 42-Yes 84-No Major 16: 596 92 EB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-Yes 53-Yes Both 42-Yes 84-Yes Both 17: 543 64 EB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-Yes 53-Yes Both 42-Yes 84-No Major 18: 375 51 EB 35-Yes 15-No Major 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 19: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 2: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 21: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 22: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No --- 23: EB 35-No 15-No --- 525-No 53-No --- 42-No 84-No ---