Workin Paper No. HDH-08-05 (8th HDH meetin, 17 January 2012 RESEARCH PROGRAM ON AN EMISSIONS TEST PROCEDURE FOR HEAVY DUTY HYBRIDS (HDH) Development of Emissions and CO2 Test Procedure for Heavy Duty Hybrid Vehicles WP3: Non-electric HDHs Jonas Fredriksson Department of Sinals and Systems Chalmers University of Technoloy Gothenbur, Sweden
Content Introduction Work packae 3-1 Method/Analysis Results Work packae 3-2 Method/Analysis Results Summary
Development of Emissions and CO2 Test Procedure for Heavy Duty Hybrid Vehicles 3. Extension of HILS to non-electrical hybrids, which are currently not covered by Kokujikan No.281. To May 2012 the followin WP is to be carried out. Overview of possible other types of hybrids of interests and issues for HILS testin will be investiated. Information atherin. Proposal of which non-electric hybrids to include in the HILS method. Evaluate, usin software models and simulation the possibilities of usin HILS for assessment of quality factors of these hybrids.
Tasks and timeplan WP 3 Work task description Extension to non-electrical hybrids Period (Start-end) WT 3.1 Technoloy overview and selection of scope 06/2011-10/2011 WT 3.2 WT 3.3 Development of HIL elements (models) for non-electrical hybrids Test methods for input data to non-electrical component models 10/2011-01/2012 01/2012-02/2012 WT 3.4 Definition of control sinals 01/2012-02/2012 WT 3.5 Alinment with HILS for HEV and verification 03/2012-04/2012
Development of Emissions and CO2 Test Procedure for Heavy Duty Hybrid Vehicles WT 3-1: Technoloy overview and selection of scope Detailed analysis on what non-electric hybrid systems/components to be included in the HILS method. Review of non-electric hybrid topoloies proposed in the literature, by OEMs and others. Review of non-electric components, such as flywheels, accumulators etc, used in non-electric powertrains proposed in the literature, by OEM and others. Toether with OEMs and other partners decide which topoloies that should be covered. Meetins with OEMs, will be coplanned with TU Graz and TU Wien in relation to WP 1-4 (TU Graz and TU Wien offer). The preliminary result is a list of non-electric powertrain topoloies and a list of components that needs to be modeled.
Hybrid Powertrain Principles Enery storae and converter Electrochemical, enerator/motor and battery Electrostatic, enerator/motor and supercapacitor Electromanetic, enerator/motor and superconductor coil Kinetic, CVT and flywheel Kinetic, motor/enerator and flywheel Potential, CVT and torsion sprin Potential, hydraulic pump/motor and accumulator Potential, pneumatic pump/motor and accumulator
Hydraulic pump/motor and accumulator P/M ICE GB Acc Vehicle Rexroth HRB
Hydraulic pump/motor and accumulator Enery storae: Potential enery ICE GB Parallel Hybrid Acc Res P/M Vehicle ICE P/M P/M Series Hybrid Acc Vehicle Res
Hydraulic pump/motor and accumulator Ford F150 and F350 Hydraulic Hybrid (Parallel) Eaton, Hydraulic Launch Assist (Parallel and Series) NRG Dynamix (Parallel and Series) Innas, Netherlands, (Series) Parker, Runwise system, (Parallel and Series) Bosch Rexroth, HRB (Parallel and series) Poclain Hydraulics, ADDIDRIVE Assist (Series, addon to non-driven wheels)
Pneumatic pump/motor and accumulator Enery storae: Potential enery Principle could be similar as for hydraulic hybrids Alternative: Hybrid enine concept: PPU + GB ES EC Vehicle
CVT and flywheel Enery Storae: Kinetic enery Parallel Hybrid ICE FW GB Vehicle Series Hybrid Examples: Formula 1 Flybrid Torotrack for city bus
Motor/enerator and flywheel Enery storae: Kinetic enery ICE G M Series Hybrid G Vehicle FW Examples: PhD thesis from Uppsala University, Sweden
Results Non-electric hybrid powertrain topoloies (concepts) fits well into the same cateories as for electric hybrid powertrains Non-electric hybrid powertrains can be divided into: Series powertrain topoloies Parallel powertrain topoloies Split powertrain topoloies
Interestin non-electric powertrain concepts: CVT and flywheel Motor/enerator and flywheel Hydraulic or (pneumatic) pump/motor and accumulator
Results Component list (to be modeled): Enery storaes: Flywheel Hydraulic accumulators Pneumatic accumulators Enery converters CVT (transmission) Hydraulic pump/motor Pneumatic pump/motor
Development of Emissions and CO2 Test Procedure for Heavy Duty Hybrid Vehicles WT 3-2: Development of HIL elements for non-electrical hybrid systems/components Based on the list of topoloies and components in WP 3-1, develop simple, representative mathematical models of the different powertrain components, such as actuators and enery buffers. The models will be implemented in a simulation software. All models will be documented. The result is a set of simulation models of non-electric powertrain components, which are suitable to use in a HILS setup.
Components Enery storaes: Flywheel Hydraulic accumulators Pneumatic accumulators Enery converters CVT (transmission) Hydraulic pump/motor Pneumatic pump/motor Notice: The most important part is the model structure, the input-output sinals, not the model equations.
Enery storaes Flywheel Accumulators Notice: The similarity to the electric enery storae
Flywheel Electric battery: Flywheel: i current Battery u voltae T torque FW speed State-of-Chare C dsoc dt i u uocv ( SOC) Ri losses d J T dt T loss T loss () () - Lookup table
Accumulator Electric battery: i current Battery u voltae Q volume flow HA p pressure State-of-Chare C dsoc dt i u uocv ( SOC) Ri losses p dv dt m Q R ( t) V ( t) (mass balance) Temperature (ideal as law) m c v d dt m R ( t) Q ha V ( t) w ( ) w (enery balance)
Accumulators Q HA p as Mass balance: Ideal as law: Assumption ([1]): dv dt p p Q m p R ( t) V State-of-Chare ( t) Temperature V, p p Q oil d m R ( t) Enery balance: mcv Q haw ( w) dt V ( t) [1] Guzzella and Sciarretta, Vehicle Propulsion Systems, Spriner, 2007
Accumulators Q HA p as Mass balance: Ideal as law: Assumption ([1]): dv dt p p Q m p R ( t) V State-of-Chare ( t) Temperature V, p p Q oil d m R ( t) Enery balance: mcv Q haw ( w) dt V ( t) [1] Guzzella and Sciarretta, Vehicle Propulsion Systems, Spriner, 2007
Enery converters Hydraulic pump/motor CVT Notice: The similarity to the electric enery converter
pa p R Hydraulic Pump/Motor x HPM T Q Volumetric flow rate: Pump: Q xd v Q Motor: xd / v Torque: T xd( p p ) R t A T xd( p A p R ) / t Efficiencies: v Cs 1 xs p A p R Cst x laminar loss turbulent loss compressibility loss t C S x C s f 2 2 1 Chx viscous loss friction loss hydrodynamic loss x
pa p R Hydraulic Pump/Motor x HPM T Q Volumetric flow rate: Pump: Q xd v Q Motor: xd / v Torque: T xd( p p ) R t A T xd( p A p R ) / t Efficiencies: v f ( x, p p, ) A R t f ( x, p p, ) A R Lookup table
Pump/motor Vs x p A p R Pump/moto r chane Pump flow map Motor flow map Switch Time la Q Pump torque map Motor torque map Switch Time la T
Vs Electric Motor Model
CVT N des T in out CVT T out in Torque: Tout NT in Efficiency: f (, T, N) out out Speed: in N out t Lookup table Gear ratio: dn dt 1 T ( N N des )
Mathematical models for Flywheel Accumulator Pump/Motor CVT Results
Summary WT 3-1: Non-electric hybrid powertrain topoloies (concepts) fits well into the same cateories as for electric hybrid powertrains HILS should be possible for non-electric HDHs WT 3-2: Mathematical models for: Flywheel Similar model structures as Accumulator proposed in Kokujikan No. 281 Pump/Motor CVT Work done accordin to time plan
Next Implementation MATLAB/Simulink (Started) Verification (WT 3.3) Data (Need to et real model data from suppliers or OEMs to verify model structure) System modellin Incorporate into the Japanese open-source model Controller desin (Started, a simple rule based controller)
Thanks for your attention! Contact information Jonas Fredriksson Department of Sinals and Systems Chalmers University of Technoloy jonas.fredriksson@chalmers.se +46-31-772 1359