Data Centres Using resources to support grid systems Another revenue stream? Russell Bulley Technical Support Manger March 2019 Russell.bulley@vertivco.com
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GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION & TRANSMISSION Peaks and Troughs why? 3
Great changes to electricity production across the globe 2018 Vertiv 4
Million toe Predictions of power generation and consumption 2000 Final energy consumption in buildings by fuel Across the globe there is a transition to lower carbon power sources but other energy sources have to fill the gap 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 This is our interest area Renewables need support systems 400 200 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Oil Gas Coal Electricity BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 BP p.l.c. 2019 http://www.ren21.net/gsr- 2018/chapters/chapter_01/chapter_01/ 2018 Vertiv
REQUIRING A RESILIENT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Smart Mobility/Wifi Smart Manufacturing Smart Building Public Cloud Private Cloud Smart Grid Smart Transportation Smart Health Smart Citizen Open Data Smart Government Edge computing Smart Agriculture 2018 Vertiv 6
BEYOND COMPUTE & PERSONAL DEVICES 2018 Vertiv 7
ADD ELECTRIC VEHICLES. Adding cars and trucks into the mix means that the inertia of the grid is being challenged. Traditionally this meant shovelling more coal on the fire, rising steam pressure and keeping turbines turning. Now there is a mix of battery and other storage technologies joining these together. Table courtesy of SMMT This means generation has a new huge load that is very unpredictable and non linear as charge starts high then falls as a curve, and every battery has a different state of charge! 2018 Vertiv 8
UK ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECAST Annual UK electricity demand Source: National Grid. CRITICAL ADVANTAGE 2018 Vertiv WEBCAST 9
So we have a variable massive generation portfolio many items are not under any control with the weather being the ultimate source Without coal generation this is what happens TWh 45 40 Table 5.1. Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied Massive increase in gas for power generation 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Think about loss of a major gas supply 0 Q3/16 Q4/16 Q1/17 Q2/17 Q3/17 Q4/17 Q1/18 Q2/18 Q3/18 Coal Oil Nuclear Hydro (natural flow) Wind and Solar 2 Bioenergy 3 Pumped Storage Other fuels Gas 2018 Vertiv 10
PRICING ON THE UK SPOT MARKET 2018 Vertiv 11
STORAGE Bridging the gap between demand and generation resources 12
SETTING THE SCENE POWER GRIDS So what is going on? More renewables = more variation in power production In the UK we waste The National Grid and other grid operators about need tools 7% to of smooth out peaks and troughs in supply and generated demand. energy in the transmission The weather now a big factor in prediction of demand and hence supply. system clients pay for that Then we have the Government trying to drive prices down We have the internet of things and the drive to join many sorts of energy and user together Data centres will form part of the local economy going forward maybe selling waste heat to the community. The batteries from the data centre could also be used as a local resource for storing the communities locally produced energy But we now have a market, a stock market of sorts, where electricity is traded and maybe where there is money. 2018 Vertiv 13
THE VALUE STACK Frequency and inertia response Short term operating reserve Local network peaks Day-ahead trading Behind-the-meter Capacity Market 2018 Vertiv
So there is a market Europe may have more resilience less volatility But reserves are still required and using independent operators to provide reserve in case of system failure, wind or solar not being available. And for us? Remember Data centers use 416 terawatt hours of electricity each year and consume 2% of global energy... Nov 19, 2018, 2018 Vertiv 15
Who has been involved since the beginning? 11December 1896 A very considerable and valuable addition to the capacity of the Manchester Corporation Electric Light works has recently been made by means of a storage battery equipment. The electrical details are as follows: The normal rate of discharge is 600Amps from each of the four batteries, or a total of 2400Ampres at 100Volts delivered in the mains, the normal discharge is 300 amperes from each battery, and under the latter conditions the total watt hour capacity of the battery reaches 1,250,000 watt hours. The normal charging current is 300 Amperes. The battery has been supplied and erected by the Chloride Electrical Storage Syndicate limited Clifton Junction Manchester and consists of 224 cells each containing seventy three plates of their well known R type. 2018 Vertiv
17 R&D, NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Grid Support Systems Front-of Meter Grid-Support-Enable Behind Meter Aggregation Behind Meter EXL GS 1MW EXL GS 1.25MW 2017 2016 2018 Aggregation Pilot ENEC based Systems for Grid Support Enabled Telecom Power Supplies Integrated Modular Battery Energy Storage EXL GS 1.25MW HVDC Aggregation Cloud Platform Virtual Power Plant compatibility (EXL and Cube) Geographies covered UPS: 80-NET and Trinergy Classic Li-Ion compatible UPS UK UPS: EXL and Cube UK, Spain, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Finland, explore rest of EMEA Focus for Critical Energy is to participate in the market growth and expand geographically Preliminary planning document, subject to consultation, negotiation or other local legal requirements. 6 2018 Vertiv
18 GRID-SUPPORT ENABLED DEVICES: UPS LAYOUT GSE - BtM DATA CENTER «ACTIVE CONSUMER» Liebert EXL or Liebert Trinergy Cube UPS Field bus Service Algorithms Mains Power Service System Control M Critical IT Loads National Grid or site loads for offset UPS Battery Storage Primary Mission (UPS) State Machine 8 2018 Vertiv
MAKING THE MOVE TO ENERGY PROSUMER *Additional Notes 19
UPS CAN BE THE ENERGY FLEXIBILITY ENABLER Traditional UPS Services Backup Power Power Quality Vertiv Liebert exl UPS Grid-facing converter (Rectifier) used as Flexibility Enabler. 2018 Vertiv 20
MAKING A SAFE TRANSITION TO «PROSUMER» Data Center «Prosumers» Site Controller G Field bus Flexibility Control Mains Power M ATM Critical Loads National Grid Service(s) Primary Mission (UPS) State Machine Sizing (kwh) Technology (VRLA, Li-ion) Cycling UPS Battery Storage Primary mission always comes first! UPS primary mission untouched, granted battery energy level for backup purposes. 2018 Vertiv 21
ENHANCED UPS SERVICES Traditional UPS Services Backup Power Power Quality Enhanced UPS Services Backup Power Power Quality Demand Management Vertiv Liebert exl UPS Energy Arbitrage Grid Services Additional services use excess battery capacity, provide no increased risk to traditional UPS services 2018 Vertiv 22
New UPS Generator on islanded mode 2018 Vertiv
New UPS charging batteries with both generator and/or mains 2018 Vertiv
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THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING! Contact details: Russell Bulley Technical Support Manager Russell.Bulley@VertivCo.com 07775750323
GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ + 800 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery 800 0 + 800 0 800 200 + 600 + 200 800 600 + 200 + 600 800 800 0 + 800 800 1000-200 +1000 =/= Battery SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv
GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ + 600 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery 800 0 + 800 0 800 200 + 600 + 200 800 600 + 200 + 600 800 800 0 + 800 800 1000-200 +1000 =/= Battery + 200 SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv
GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ + 200 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery 800 0 + 800 0 800 200 + 600 + 200 800 600 + 200 + 600 800 800 0 + 800 800 1000-200 +1000 =/= Battery + 600 SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv
GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ 0 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery 800 0 + 800 0 800 200 + 600 + 200 800 600 + 200 + 600 800 800 0 + 800 800 1000-200 +1000 =/= Battery + 800 SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv
GSE operations for UPS Ups Input ~/~ 0 ~/= =/~ Load Load Gss Ups Input Battery 800 0 + 800 0-200 800 200 + 600 + 200 800 600 + 200 + 600 800 800 0 + 800 800 1000-200 +1000 =/= Battery + 800 SAMPLE: «EXL GSE» 1000kVA 2018 Vertiv