Wolfgang Wimmer ABB Switzerland Intelligence in Substation Automation Summer Workshop of Swiss Chapter of IEEE PES, 05-06-02 ABB Switzerland AG - 1 -
Contents ABB Switzerland AG - 2 - The role of Substation Automation in the Power Grid What is Intelligence IEC 61850: standardized semantics Intelligent algorithms Engineering System architectures A Vision: self healing SA system Summary
The role of substation automation in the grid ABB Switzerland AG - 3 - Substation Node of the Power Grid Grid operations are performed in substations Substation automation Actuator and Sensor for Grid control and monitoring - remotely controlled Basic safety: Active: Protection Passive: Interlocking, command blocking Process near, fast automatics auto reclosure, load shedding, restoration,. Data access for Switch gear maintenance Protection data access for system fault analysis
SA as access to the substation Protection maintenance Grid operation Communication network Switchgear Maintenance Security? GW Protection monitoring Station HMI GW Network Control Operation & Supervision GW Switchgear Monitoring Control Protection Automatics, Safety Control Protection ABB Switzerland AG - 4 - Bay 1 Actuators & Sensors Bay N
What is Intelligence (1)? The IED view point Use of Microprocessors more computing power Self supervision -> higher reliability More complex algorithms Use of higher level standards -> IEC 61850 Connection by Communication more bandwidth Reuse of information at different places Access to more information than before Use COTS communication technology Ethernet, TCP, MMS -> IEC 61850 ABB Switzerland AG - 5 -
What is Intelligence (2)? ABB Switzerland AG - 6 - The human view point Handling of unforeseen situations Rule based reasoning (expert system) Action adaptation, e.g. if parts are out of service Operator support Automate often used action sequences Focus on important information Information classification and filtering Suppression of dependent information Intelligent automatic algorithms need standardized semantics -> IEC 61850
IEC 61850: standardized semantics ABB Switzerland AG - 7 - Standardized description of System functionality within the substation (Logical) Communication system structure Binding of IED and its functions to the switch yard Enables Automatized function configuration System quality checking (performance, reliability) and is provided by IEC 61850 IED data model and SCL language
SCL Contents Single line diagram =Q1 line bay / feeder =E1 Voltage level 110kV =Q2 line bay / feeder =WB1 Busbar 1 =WB2 ABB Switzerland AG - 8 - Function designations according to IEC 61346
SCL Contents IED configuration =Q1 line bay / feeder =E1 Voltage level 110kV =Q2 line bay / feeder =WB1 Busbar 1 =WB2 IED -SB1 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 =S1CSWI1 IED Configuration ABB Switzerland AG - 9 - IED configuration in terms of available functions -> Logical Nodes
SCL Contents Communication relation =Q1 line bay / feeder =E1 Voltage level 110kV =Q2 line bay / feeder =WB1 Busbar 1 =WB2 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 =XW1 Communication Subnetwork ABB Switzerland AG - 10 -
SCL Contents Function relation =Q1 line bay / feeder =E1 Voltage level 110kV =Q2 line bay / feeder =WB1 Busbar 1 =WB2 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 Relation between LN and single line ABB Switzerland AG - 11 -
SCL Contents illustrated =Q1 line bay / feeder =E1 Voltage level 110kV =Q2 line bay / feeder =WB1 Busbar 1 =WB2 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 =XW1 Communication Subnetwork IED Configuration Relation between LN and single line ABB Switzerland AG - 12 - Single line (1 bay)
Intelligent algorithms ABB Switzerland AG - 13 - Adaptive to existing data and its source Automatic disabling of not applicable function parts (no VT=> no PDIS) Derivation of needed configuration data (e.g. scaling) Adaptive to operational situations Consideration of parts out of service (load shedding, sequences) Consideration of existing load situation (load shedding) Consideration of foreseeable future load situation (grid level?) Rule based execution applied after situation analysis Switchyard topology based interlocking Topology based switching sequences Topology based protection (Breaker failure, Busbar protection zones) More available data (IEC 61850 based communication) Interlocking against other side of line Adaptation of protection settings from network view / temperature /
Communication between Substations Substation 1 Substation 2 =Q1 line bay / feeder =Q2 line bay / feeder IED -SB1 IED -SB1 =S1CSWI1 =S1CSWI1 Line ABB Switzerland AG - 14 -
Engineering ABB Switzerland AG - 15 - Engineering wizards based on an IEC61850 system description can automate the engineering Data flow configuration based on Function allocation A function instance knows its connection to the switch gear A function knows its needed inputs Thus a function engineering wizard can generate or check the needed data flow definitions at the signal sources, and connect the source signals to the function inputs Communication configuration based on Data flow, IED capabilities and needed performance Realtime performance needs GOOSE, vertical communication reporting Application configuration based on Switch yard topology (Demo) The Communication network and IED description defines the communication related configuration for the IEDs The substation topology description configures the application The relation between substation parts and LNs defines the process connection of the application
Engineering wizard examples Interlocking data flow: station level interlocking needs all positions of switches around the bus bar Algorithm: based on switch yard topology (Demo) Synchrocheck data flow: needs inputs from VTs right and left of Circuit Breaker One VT (line side) is internal to bay Second may be external / bus bar For bus bars without VT: bus bar image concept necessary ABB Switzerland AG - 16 -
Synchrocheck example =WB1VT1 =WB2VT1 =Q1 line bay / feeder =WB1 Busbar 1 =WB2 IED -SB1 CSWI1 RSYN1 TVTR1 IED SB2 =TVTR1 =TVTR2 ABB Switzerland AG - 17 - =VT1 SB1/RSYN1 wizard finds: - Input 1: SB1/TVTR1 (internal) - Input 2: dependent on QB1 / QB2 either SB2/TVTR1 or SB2/TVTR2
System architectures ABB Switzerland AG - 18 - Free function allocation leads to two extreme implementation alternatives on top of process interface bus Centralization of all functions on two (redundant) IEDs High IED (processor) costs (only few needed), medium communication network cost Redundancy of central processor and communication network Decentralisation down to LN, implemented on a chip Low processor cost (many), high communication network cost A processor carries one function fault can be easier tolerated The right compromise depends on the existing technology, its reliability and its costs In any case for HV protection: Separate communication network and IEDs needed for Main1 and Main2 Vision: Self healing system
Vision: Self healing system Supervisor one spare per IED type Relay Free A Bay spare1 Bay 1 Bay N Controller Relay A Controller Relay A ABB Switzerland AG - 19 - Switchgear Interface Merging unit Switchgear Interface Needs compatible SW implementation (Java) or compatible configuration (adaptation by SCL) Merging unit
Summary: Intelligence in SA system. Enables Enhanced reliability Reduced SA system engineering and maintenance effort Higher function integration between substations Flexible adaptation from Grid level to operational needs of the power network Needs newly Communication know how Network Security setup ABB Switzerland AG - 20 -
What is available Facts (Now) Trends (Tomorrow) Vision (Future) ABB Switzerland AG - 21 - IEC 61850 with conventional functionality and architecture Topology based bus bar protection & interlocking Adaptive Protection (Switching of Parameter sets) IEC 61850 Process bus More Topology based online algorithms Data flow & application engineering wizards Communication with neighbor substations Self healing systems System engineering wizards Operational Function adaptations from grid level
Central redundant system Network Control Center System control & Protection Main1 System control & Protection Main2 Bay 1 Bay N ABB Switzerland AG - 23 - Switchgear Interface Merging unit Switchgear Interface Merging unit
Decentral on Logical Node base HMI one spare per IED type Control CSWI Bay 1 PIOC Protection CSWI Bay N PIOC CILO PTOC CILO PTOC PTRC PTRC ABB Switzerland AG - 24 - Switchgear Interface Merging unit Switchgear Interface CSWI: switch control, CILO: Interlocking PIOC, PTOC: overcurrent prot., PTRC: Trip matrix Merging unit