Velo-city Global 2016 E-bikes a new industrial revolution for cycling Chen Xuewu, Cheng Long Southeast University, Nanjing, China 2016.02.29
Contents Travel characteristics evolution Existing problems Development strategy Summary
1.Travel characteristics Survey in Huzhou, China Urban construction map in 2004 Urban construction map in 2011 In the north of Zhejiang, to the southwest of Shanghai. Travel diary survey in 2004 and 2011.
1.Travel characteristics E-bikes Mode share Increasing dramatically from 7.7% to 32.0%. Attracting bicyclists and motorcyclists. Duration and distance Duration:increasing from 18min to 19.2min. Long distance travel increases. The percentage of 3km+ is 29%. 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% travel distance of E-bikes in 2011 (km) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-6 6-9 9-15 15-20 20+ Year 2004 Year 2011
5:00~5:30 5:30~6:00 6:00~6:30 6:30~7:00 7:00~7:30 7:30~8:00 8:00~8:30 8:30~9:00 9:00~9:30 9:30~10:00 10:00~10:30 10:30~11:00 11:00~11:30 11:30~12:00 12:00~12:30 12:30~13:00 13:00~13:30 13:30~14:00 14:00~14:30 14:30~15:00 15:00~15:30 15:30~16:00 16:00~16:30 16:30~17:00 17:00~17:30 17:30~18:00 18:00~18:30 18:30~19:00 19:00~19:30 19:30~20:00 1.Travel characteristics E-bikes 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Traffic volume Peak volume reduces,however, volume in other hours increases. Evolving to all-day travel. 2004 年 2011 年 Trip purpose Non-commuting travel increases. Satisfying various travel needs. 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 38.6% 28.3% 5.9% 12.2% 2.5% 4.1% 0.9% 1.6% 通勤购物休闲娱乐探亲访友 2004 年 2011 年
1.Travel characteristics Users Socio-economics Gender:female dominates,but the percentage is decreasing. Occupation:Commuters to all levels of the society. Age:young people to all ages. 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% Year 2004 Year 2011 female male 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% students workers employees self-employed Year 2004 Year 2011 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 6-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40-49 over 50 Year 2004 Year 2011
1.Travel characteristics Users Socio-economics Income:median and high income group grows large. Freight transport Express service:e-bikes have become the dominant means of transport of express delivery. 50-100 items per person per E-bike. 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% Summary 47.20% 5.50% 61.40% 51.60% 1.20% 33.10% low income median income high income Year 2004 Year 2011 Diversified travel:all-day long distance non-commuting travel Users completely covered: all social classes, different ages, different income groups, different occupations etc.
2.Existing problems Traffic order and efficiency Good mobility, high driving randomness, quick start at intersections. Affect the traffic order, lower the efficiency Traffic safety Fast speed, users weak safety awareness. 1334 E-bikes traffic accidents, causing 231 deaths, making up 33% of the whole fatalities. (Hangzhou 2014)
2.Existing problems Standard is not applicable (lag behind) Current standard General specification of electric bike : maximum vehicle weight is 40kg, maximum speed is 20km/h. 99% of E-bikes do not meet the standards Qualified products are not competitive. Year 1999 Traffic management policy E-bikes have advantage over public transit on mobility, cost and flexibility. They compete with public transit on long distance travel. In most cities, electric bicycles are administrated as non-motorized means of transportation. They compete with slow traffic on short distance travel. Enormous quantity makes it difficult to be licensed.
3.Development strategy National level New standard: Regulate the maximum speed, total weight and safety performance. Non-qualified E-bikes should be strictly regulated. Big cities E-bikes compete with slow traffic on short distance travel and public transit on long distance travel. To be restricted or strictly regulated based on consideration of intensive development. Make E-bikes licensed.
3.Development strategy Small cities Helpful in increasing travel mobility and flexibility. Allowed to use on the condition that the growth rate is under control. Supporting measures Create good environment for cycling and improve service level of public transit. Improve the safety awareness of drivers. Regulate the recycling and disposal of used batteries.
Thank you! Summary: We propose differentiated E-bikes development strategies in big cities and small cities. The primary objective is to make the city sustainable and to improve residents mobility. Acknowledgements: Part data in the report refers to Wechat pubic account China s Urban Transportation Development Forum