Large Scale Off-Grid PV-Power Supply with Renewables Michael Wollny Director, Business Development Off-Grid Solutions SMA Solar Technology AG, Germany BSW-Solar special exhibition "Rural Electrification" at Intersolar 2011
Disclaimer This presentation may contain future predictions. Future predictions are statements that do not describe facts from the past. They also contain assessments on our assumptions and expectations. These assessments are based on planning, estimates, and forecasts, which are currently available to the SMA Solar Technology AG (SMA or company) board of directors. Future predictions are therefore only applicable on the day on which they are made. It lies in the nature of future predictions that they contain risks and elements of uncertainty. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors may cause the actual results, financial situation, development, or performance of the company to significantly deviate from the assessments provided in this presentation. These factors include those that SMA has described in published reports, which are available on the website www.sma.de. The company assumes no liability for updating or adjusting such future predictions in accordance with future events or developments. This presentation serves informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer or request to buy, keep, or sell company shares. 2
Outline» SMA Solar Technology, Company introduction» Market Potential Off-Grid» Economical aspects» Suitable technological solutions» Best practices
SMA is market and technology leader for PV inverters All PV applications All performance ranges All module types On-grid From <1 kw Thin film Off-grid To >1 MW Crystalline modules Back-up Concentrator modules SMA offers inverters for all applications in photovoltaics
Continuous internationalization in order to take over key positions in all future solar markets More than 900 sales and service personnel all over the globe 8
SMA will benefit from the worldwide growth of the solar market due to the good market positioning > Founded in 1981 > Turnover of 1.9 billion Euros in 2010 > 7.8 gigawatt produced in 2010 > More than 5,000 employees all over the globe, approx. 330 trainees > 17 foreign subsidiaries on four continents > Best efficiency worldwide (98.7 %) In 2010, SMA achieved nearly 45 % in sales abroad. 7
Estimated Off-Grid Market Size in 2011 Source: SMA/Navigant Consult 7
Estimated Off-Grid Market Size in 2011 Source: SMA/Navigant Consult 8
Sustitution of Diesel Generation Power with Renewables Source: SMA 9
Estimated costs by using diesel generator» The electricity cost ranges between 0.30 Euros (dark brown) to 2.4 Euro (light yellow)» The computations have been performed in three main steps. - Calculation of transport costs for diesel; - Calculation of production cost for electricity - Calculation of the final costs of electricity consist of the production costs and the costs of labour, maintenance and amortization. 10
The electricity production cost calculated for a 15 kwp off-grid PV System in Africa» The electricity production cost ranges from 0.2 up to 0.55 EUR/kWh» Large geographical differences can be observed: some of the most favorable regions with low costs have very low population density (e.g. Sahara with 0-15 persons/km2) while at other are relatively densely populated (e.g. Tanzania, South Africa with 30-100 persons/km2 )) 11
Analysis of sensitivity: Benefits of PV Hybrid Systems» With state-of-the-art PV-system costs as well as diesel fuel prices, a 30 kw PV hybrid system is approx. 20 % cheaper (regarding TCO)» Above diesel fuel costs of approx. 0,8 /l, the PV hybrid system will stay more cost effective» With another decrease of PV system costs to half of today s price level, the costs of a PV hybrid system will only be 50 % of the costs for a full diesel power supply. 12
System technology depending on size, the right concept has to be chosen 13
Suitable technological solutions for rural electrification 1. Grid extension for urban areas (AC bus line) 2. Genset dominated supply (Petrol, Gasoline, LPG)(AC bus line) 3. Solar Home Systems (DC-Bus line) 4. Hybrid or Mini Grid power supply systems based on Renewables (AC bus line) 14
Modular hybrid design Inverter = ~ = ~ AC bus line ~ = Master Inverter» Grid quality electricity» Easy expandability» Backup solution» Integration of different RES» Standard components 15
SMA Multicluster Technology» Easy set-up for hybrid systems and mini-grids 16
SMA Multicluster Technology Multicluster Box 6 Number of Sunny Island: 6 Load connection: 55 kw Multicluster Box 12 Number of Sunny Island: 12 Load connection: 110 kw Multicluster Box 36 Number of Sunny Island: 36 Load connection: 300 kw 17
SMA Multicluster Technology» Approved technology for rural electrification and mini grids» AC-coupled hybrid systems» Outstanding flexibility and use of different renewable energy sources» High security of energy supplies and availability» Special knowledge for proper installation not needed 18
SMA Multicluster Technology» Modular system configuration up to 300 kw» Use of standard components (Mulicluster Box, SI5048, SB, SMC, BATFUSE)» Comfortable transport to remote areas» Quick installation and commissioning 19
Hierarchy and communication links in the cluster group 20
Off-Grid Power Supply Isle of Eigg, Scotland» Scottish Inner Hebrides» 16 km distance to the coast» Harboring around 100 residents» The community consists of 45 households, 26 business and 6 community buildings» Up to 2008: diesel supply during the day (reason was, noise protection)... and in the evening candle light! 21
Interconnection of different Renewable Energy Hydro power 110 kw Photovoltaic 10 kwp (3 x SB3000) Wind Energy 24 kw (4 x WB6000) System control 100 kwp (12 x SI5048) 22
Micro-Grid: Distributed Renewable Energy Supply System 23
System Control over 3 parameter only 1. Frequency Shift Power Control 2. Voltage vs. Reactive Power 3. Battery State of Charge 24
Variable No 1: System Frequency» Frequency depending power control (FSPC, Frequency Shift Power Control), if battery is full and more renewable energy is available. Charged battery High penetration from renwables f= 50 Hz f= (50+ f) Hz Low energy consumption 25
Frequency Shift Power Control» Similar to the grid interconnection without additional communication wiring» Output power control from PV and Wind with grid frequency» Increasing of system frequency results in declining of feeding from the inverters Pac (%) Fac-delta- (4,5Hz) Fac-Start delta (1Hz) 100 Fac-Limit delta (2Hz) 50 Fac-delta+ (4,5Hz) -4-3 -2-1 f0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 Fac (Hz) 26
Variable No 2: Voltage vs. Reactive Power» Parallel operation of voltage sources desired droop control U GEN U BWR 27
Variable No 3: State of Charge» Sunny Island monitor and controls the system automatically» Integrated Parameter: State of charge (SOC) 1. SOC 60 %: Generator is started 2. SOC 90 %: Generator is stopped Diesel Generator is only needed if renewables are not available! 28
Village Electrification Afghanistan» Electrification of 4 villages in the Region of Gardez, Afghanistan» System with 100 kwp Photovoltaic and 250 kw - Diesel Generator A» 14 km medium voltage grid between the villages Source: Google Maps» Prepaid-card system installed to cover the maintenance cost Systems deliver energy in network quality! Source: SESA 29
Electrification of Schools Borneo» Electrification of over 250 schools in Malaysia» Total power > 2 MW (PV-Systems from 15 to 60 kw)» Substitution of 100 % Diesel Generator power Source: Google Maps» Financed from the government over avoided diesel fuel costs PV-Hybrid Systems are profitable by now! Source: SMA/Solarworld/APEX 30
South Pacific (Tahiti) Reao» Power supply for 40 houses and business» 18 x Sunny Island 5048 battery inverters: 90 kw» Battery bank: 1842 kwh» Photovoltaic: 140 kwp» Diesel Generator: 120 kva» 1 x Multicluster Box 36.3 24 h power from batteries 31
Installed Multicluster Systems up to 300 kw 32
Conclusion and Outlook Large-scale modular hybrid system» with standard components are reliable and economical» loads & generation coupled by a medium or low voltage grid» Controlled by grid frequency and SOC» high reliability achieved by using a modular concept» easy service performed by local electricians» PV hybrid systems are the only sensible way for remote habitations to guarantee a 24/7 power supply! 33
Thank you very much for your attention! More information you get from: http://www.ruralelec.org/ Michael.Wollny@SMA.de Dipl.- Ing. Michael Wollny SMA Solar Technology AG www.sma.de 34