Customer Benefits of Implement Automation and Electrification at the example of Fertilizer Spreaders Dr. h.c. Norbert Rauch, Rauch Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH, Sinzheim
Are they Dinosaurs?? They are jobless without an implement! They don t know the implement They offer only power and control 2
Are they monsters? They realize the agricultural process They don`t know the tractor They live from the power link 3
Are self-propelled machines the answer? No interface between tractor and implement Optimal integration with two-way communication But: expensive and dedicated to one operation 4
Tractor/Implement combinations The intelligent, modular like self-propelled tractor/implement combination with two-way communication Increased Efficiency and Comfort: Less Resources and Energy Input + optimal Agricultural Process 5
Optimized processes through two-way communication Loader wagon controls tractor speed via ISOBUS Less dense swath = faster more hectars/h Denser swath = slower - fewer blockages Potato harvester controls tractor steering via ISOBUS. Automatic steering leads to higher productivity and operator comfort Round Baler controls tractor speed via ISOBUS and supports driver for higher comfort and productivity Quellen: Homepage: Pöttinger, Grimme, Krone 6
Automation of a Fertilizer Twindisc-Spreader Motivation The exact dose of fertilizer per site is very important to maximize the yield Fertilizer is and will be very expansive: -N-fertilizer: to produce 1 kg app. 1l oil is needed March 2011: KAS: 300 /t -P-fertilizer : will run out in the next 50-100 years Important target: Increase Fertilizer Efficiency: Less costs, March less 2011: energy DAP: input, 485 /t higher yield, less pollution -K-fertilizer: will run out in the next? years March 2011: 40er Kali: 275 /t A 1000 ha arable farm spends app. 200.000 /year for fertilizer, which is up to 40% of all costs of production 7
Automation of a Fertilizer TwinDisc-Spreader Requirements: Tractor All implement related functions can be controlled via ISOBUS+GNSS Requirements : TwinDisc-Spreader ISOBUS: 1. PTO-driven: discs RPM are controlled together 2. hydraulic or electric driven spreaders: disc-rpm, dose, spreading pattern are controlled independantly Potential for Tractor-Implement-Automation (TIM) 1. The exact height and angle of a mounted Twindisc-Spreader is important for a precise spreading pattern. With automation this can automatically be adjusted. 2. PTO-driven Twindisc-Spreaders: PTO speed control in the field and fast reaction at headlands improves fertilizer distribution 3. Electric driven Twindisc-Spreaders: High-Speed disccontrol allows precise fertilizer distribution especially in challenging terrain and at headland turns or field corners. 8
Automatic adjustment of the 3-point-hitch full full half empty empty Continuous The height and automatic angle of height a mounted adjustment fertilizer could spreader help to is improve commonly the spread adjusted pattern. once before The estimated spreading. yield The increase exact adjustment lies between is difficult 0.1% and and 0.75% changes depending during spreading on crop, working due to the width emptying and spreader of the hopper. size. 9
Spreading Pattern and overlapping at the headland Fast reaction of the PTO-speed at headlands improves fertilizer distribution Einschaltpunkt Ausschaltpunkt Feldgrenze 10
Potential of electric drives, Example Twindisc-Spreaders 11
Power Solutions today PTO Fixed very robust rpm dependent and good on power engine density rpm Difficult very effective power distribution on complex implement Hydraulic Power Inefficient high power power density conversion for rotational drives High easy oil temperature to connect to complex implements Connector ability to too control limited power for higher via tractor performance is good (>100 l/min) Leakage very effective for specific operations Variability in pressure and flow density from tractor Electric power controllability very good only effective available for range under of 500 operations W simple power distribution 12
Should we continue...? AEF-Meeting 2011-03-16 13
Requirements for a new power source Power source enables communication and cooperation between tractor and implement, leading to optimized working processes Fast and two-way communication between implement and tractor (TIM =Traktor-Implement-Management) Power regulation is entirely dependent on the specific requirements of the implement Simple and safe connection between tractor and implement Efficient power source: enables reduced fuel consumption through optimal settings between tractor and implement 14
Potential of the electrical power source Electrical power as future complement to hydraulic and mechanical power: Optimal controllability Simpler power distribution and controllability An High innovative Efficiency solution for higher productivity and comfort Reliable Enable for automation and navigation 15
Hydraulic versus electric: a comparison Electric connector The basic principle is the same Inverter DC AC Inverter Tractor = power sourcedc AC Generator = hydraulic pump Controller Inverter = Electrical control system hydraulic Pump Hydraulic connectors - Common interface - Universal usage 16
Electrical connector concept Generator on the implement Distribution and control on the implement System for older tractors: Inverter Inverter Important: Compatibility and standardization PTO Inverter Large number of drives: Generator on the tractor Distribution and control on the implement 17
Electrical connectors complement hydraulics and mechanics Electric power (e.g. 2x 150 kw), with communication and voltage regulation Hydraulics (e.g. 40kW) ISOBUS Mechanical power (e.g. 150kW) More effective connectivity between tractor and implement 18
Twin-disc fertiliser spreader with hydraulic drive Spreader adjustment can be set Right/Left independently Disc speed- low controllability Spreading point Dosage Automatic fertiliser flow regulation: Speed sensor on the spreader discs Pressure sensors on the hydraulic motors Return pressure sensor- sensors needed 400 350 Mass flow [kg/min] 300 250 200 150 100 bar 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Pressure difference [bar] 19
Spreading Technology of Twin Disc Fertilizer spreaders Spread pattern and overlapping 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 30-40 20-30 10-20 0-10 -10-20 0-30 10 Controllability of disc Fahrtrichtung, mspeed is needed Streubreite, m 20
Hydraulic vs. Electric drives Step response - Spreader disc speed Step hydraulic response vs. - Spreader electrical Step disc main response speed drive - Spreader disc speed hydraulic vs. electrical main hydraulic drive vs. electrical main drive 900 900 target speed response hydraulic driven 900 response electric driven target speed response hydraulic driven target speed response electric driven response hydraulic driven response electric driven disc speed [rpm] disc speed [rpm] 600 600 300 300 disc speed [rpm] 600 300 0 0 2 0 4 6 8 10 0 25 27 29 31 33 35 time [sec.] 0 5 10 15 20 time 25 [sec.] 30 35 time [sec.] 21
Twin-Disc Fertiliser Spreader With Electric Drive Disc drive 900 RPM 12 V Eccentric agitator drive 17 RPM 1. No sensors needed 2. Torque measurement = Current/Voltage Disc drive 900 RPM Gearbox 5,5:1 480 V motor 5000 RPM 480 V motor 5000 RPM Gearbox 5,5:1 22
Efficieny Comparison of mechanic, hydraulic and electric driven Twindisc-Spreaders 80 70 60 efficiency [%] 50 40 30 High efficiency even on reduced torques 20 electrical spreader hydraulic spreader at Power Beyond 10 hydraulic spreader at SCV mechanical spreader 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Quelle: Hahn disk torque [Nm] 23
Summary Historical chance! Replacement of inefficient hydraulic systems for rotational drives (NOT cylinders) - precise power distribution regulated according to need - high efficiency - optimal implement setting via ISOBUS communication - simpler power distribution on implement - reduced use of fossil fluids (fuel, oil) - safer coupling of implement to tractor 24
Vision 2030-2040-2050 Agricultural Energy Use without Fossil Fuels Full electric drive for self-propelled tractor for vinyards Battery Weight: 750 kg Quelle: Magazin Powerboost 25
Vision 2030-2040-2050 Agricultural Energy Use without Fossil Fuels CNH: NH2 (Liquid Hydrogen) Quelle: CNH-Prospekt 26
Vision 2030-2040-2050 Agricultural Energy Use without Fossil Fuels Tramlines used to add underground power lines for vehicles, batteries and the agricultural processes Wireless power supply with conducting paths between the tramlines Controlled traffic via Crazy! electromagnetic induction Sustainable power supplies, e.g.wind power, could be used, in particular in the field`s proximity 27
Vision 2030-2040-2050 Energy use without fossil fuels WEB-Site from Bombardier.com: The PRIMOVE`s outstanding feature: Safe and contactless inductive power transfer. Supply components invisible hidden in the vehicle and underneath the track. Intelligent Use of Electric Power is efficient Reliable and wear resistant Operates in all weather and ground conditions Power levels from 100 kw to up to 500 kw Let`s think beyond 28
Thank you! RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH Landstraße 14 76547 Sinzheim www.rauch.de 29