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Carbon-free energy technologies are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Determine specifications of a carbon-free system to meet expected electricity demands for Chicago
Current Wind 1% Proposed Coal 33% Wind 20% Hydro 1% Natural Gas Biomass 5% 1% Nuclear 59% Nuclear 80%
Power Wind Power Production Nuclear Base Load Time
Power Power Demand Time
Power Power Demand Total Power Supply Time
Power Power Demand Total Power Supply Time Supply greater than Demand
Power Power Demand Total Power Supply Time Demand greater than Supply
Power Power Demand Total Power Supply Time Demand greater than Supply Supply greater than Demand
Power Power Demand Total Power Supply Time Demand greater than Supply Supply greater than Demand
Weekly Power Demand (Northern Illinois)
Average Annual Wind Speed (Northern Illinois)
Propose solution that would supply Chicago s energy needs without producing carbon Determine the most cost efficient combination of power production and storage technologies to meet the expected electricity demands for Chicago o Rank current storage technologies based on cost, efficiency, feasibility, and size
Team Organization
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Batteries Fuel Cells Flow Batteries Solar Fuels Superconducting Magnetic Storage Flywheels Capacitors/Supercapacitors Thermal Energy Storage
Power Rating: 1,500 MW Storage Capacity: 320,000 MWh
Levelized System Cost (B$/year) Chicago Storage Levelized System Cost 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Vanadium Adiabatic Pumped Thermal Traditional Flow CAES Hydro Batteries Battery
LEC = Average lifetime levelised electricity generation cost I t = Investment expenditures in the year t M t = Operations and maintenance expenditures in the year t F t = Fuel expenditures in the year t E t = Electricity generation in the year t r = Discount rate n = Life of the system LEC=Capital+O&M+Input Output
Levelized Energy Cost ( /kwh) Chicago Storage Levelized Energy Cost
CAES cheapest option (LSC) Identical price ( kwh) as Pumped Hydro Area requirements
( /kwh) 14 12 19% 10 8 6 4 2 0 10.8 Current Price 12.8 Proposed Price
More expensive than today s cost of energy More feasible and efficient than pure nuclear Cheaper than Carbon-Capture Coal plants Would not produce Carbon Emission