DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL- IV YEAR ME-2401 MECHATRONICS QUESTION BANK UNIT-1 MECHATRONICS,SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS TWO(2) MARKS 1.Define mechatronics and sketch the graphical representation of mechatronics? 2.Whar are the elements in typical mechatronic systems? 3.What are the types of mechatronic systems? 4.What are the main applications of mechatronics? 5.What are the advantages and disadvantages of mechatronics systems? 6.What is meant by a system in mechatronics? 7.What is meant measurement system in mechatronics? 8.What are the basic elements of the measurement system and sketch its block diagram? 9.What is meant by control system in mechatronics? 10.Give some applications of control systems? 11.How the control system are classified? 12.What are the basic functions of control system? 13.What is meant by open loop system? Give examples? 14.What are the elements of open loop system? 15.What are the advantages and disadvantages of open-loop control system? 16.What is meant by closed loop control system? give example? 17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of closed-loop control system? 18.Draw the basic feedback system and indicate various terms associated with this block diagram? 19.Distinguish between open-loop and closed-loop control system? 20.What is meant by sequential control system? Give example?
21.How the microcontrollers differ from microprocessor? 22.What are the element of microprocessor based controllers or microcontroller? 23.Sketch the basic structure of PLC? 24.Identify the different mechatronics systems used in automobile? 25.How do you define the sensors? 26.What is transducer? How the transducer differ from sensor? 27.How do you classify the sensor? 28.State the difference between primary and secondary transducer? 29.What do you understand by the term static and dynamic characteristics of transducers? 30.Define error? 31.Distinquish between accuracy and sensitivity of a transducer? 32.What is hysteresis? 33.Define the terms: Repeatability and reproducibility? 34.What is meant by steady state and transient state? 35.State the dynamic characteristics of simplified measuring system? 36.What are the displacement sensors? Give various displacement sensors commonly used in mechatronics system? 37.State the purpose of using potentiometer in displacement sensors? 38.What are the factors to be consider while selecting the potentiometers? 39.List down the advantages and disadvantages of potentiometers? 40.How the strain gauge is used to measure displacement? 41.How the output of strain gauge is measured? 42.How the strain gauges are classified based on its construction? 43.Illistrate the different forms of capacitive sensor based on the principle of operation? 44.What are the applications, advantages and disadvantages of capacitive displacement sensors?
45.Write short notes on LVDT? 46.What is meant by RVDT? 47.What are the applications, advantages and disadvantages of LVDT? 48.What are the position sensors? List the various position sensors? 49.Explain hall effect as stated by E.R.Hall? 50.Mention the various applications of Hall effect sensors? 51.What are the advantages and disadvantages of Hall effect sensors? 52.What is photoelectric sensor? 53.Define:Optical encoder? 54.What is the different between absolute encoder and incremental encoder? 55.Why three concentric tracks are used in an optical incremental encoder? 56.What are proximity sensors? Give various proximity sensors commonly used in mechatronics system? 57.What is the working principle of an eddy current proximity sensors? 58.What is the working principle of a pneumatic proximity sensor? 59.How the proximity swiches are classified? Give example? 60.What is tachogenerator? 61.Where are the tachogenerator used? 62.What is pyroelectric sensor? Explain its working principle? 63.What are the load cell? 64.Briefly explain the basic principle of strain gauges load cell? 65.What are pressure sensors? List out the various pressure sensors? 66.Name any four elements that can be used in elastic pressure transducer? 67.What is a kentometer? 68.What is the working principle of a diaphragm pressure sensor?
69.What are the advantages and disadvantages of diaphragm pressure sensor? 70.What are the advantages and disadvantages of diaphragm pressure sensor? 71.What is a capsule pressure sensor? 72.What are bellows? 73.What are the advantages and disadvantages of bourdon tube pressure sensors? 74.What is meant by piezometric effect? 75.What are the advantages and disadvantages of bourdon tube pressure sensors? 76.What are tactile sensors? Mention few applications? 77.What are pressure different devices to measure liquid flow? 78.Name various liquid flow sensors? 79.What are the advantages and disadvantages of orifice meter? 80.Why is coefficient of discharge introduced in flow meter? 81.How the turbine flow meter is used to measure rate of flow in a pipe? 82.What are the advantages and disadvantages of turbine flow meter? 83.List down the liquid level sensors? 84.Briefly explain the working principle of temperature sensor? 85.What are the various temperature measuring sensors commonly used I industries? 86.What are the materials used in bimetallic strips? 87.What is the principle involved in bimetallic strip? 88.What is the principle of operation of RTD? 89.What are the materials used to construct RTD?Why? 90.What are the advantages and disadvantages of RTDs? 91.What is thermister? Give the classification thermistors? 92.Give any four advantages and disadvantages of thermistors? 93.What is thermocouples?
94.Define:Seeback effect? 95.What are the different types of thermocouple materials? 96.What are the law of thermocouples? 97.What are light sensors? Name few light sensors? 98.What is the principle of operation of light sensors? 99.What are the materials used for photoresistor? 100.What are phototransistor? 8 and 16 marks questions 1.Describe the building blocks mechatronic systems, indicate various modules involved in it? 2.Explain open loop and closed loop control system with neat sketch? 3.What are the basic elements of a closed loop system? Explain? 4.Identify various elements of a closed loop system in automatic water level controller and describe their functions? 5.Explain the functioning of a closed loop system with a neat sketch for controlling the speed of a shaft? 6.With neat sketch explain sequential control system? 7.What is a sequential controller? Explain how a microprocessors based controller operates a washing machine? 8.Explain the working principle of a automatic camera? 9.Classify transducers by function, performance and by the output basis? 10.What are the character of sensors? Explain? 11.Explain the static performance characteristic of a sensor? 12.Explain dynamic characteristics of transducers? 13.Describe with neat sketch of potentiometer displacement sensors? 14.Discuss how resistance strain gauge is used as displacement sensors? 15.Explain the working principle of Hall effect sensors with neat sketches?
16.How do Hall effect sensors differ from photo-electric sensors? 17.Explain the working principle of photoelectric proximity sensors? 18.Explain three methods of velocity measurement? 19.Explain any one motion sensors? 20.Explain an incremental(optical) encoder, What are their applications? 21.How a tachogenerator is used to measure angular velocity/ 22.Explain the principle and application of proximity and light sensors? 23.With neat sketch explain the working of pneumatic proximity sensor? 24.Explain capacitive push-pull sensor and capacitive proximity sensor? 25.Explain the working principle of following sensors with neat sketches? i)lvdt ii) Thermocouple 26.Explain the function of a capacitive sensor in a robot end effecter? 27.Explain any three force sensors with its neat sketches? 28.Explain tactile pressure sensor with neat sketches? 29.Explain the principle and applications of the following with neat sketches? 30.Explain the principle and applications of the following with neat sketches? i) fluid pressure sensors ii) Temperature sensor 31.Explain the use of bellows and a diaphragm pressure gauge in pressure measurement? 32.Describe the function of bourdon tube pressure gauge in detail? 33.Explain any three sensors used for temperature measurement? 34.What is RTD? Explain the relationship between resistance and temperature for the RTD with temperature resistance curve? 35.Write short notes on i) Thermocouple ii) Piezoelectric transducer iii) Incremental encoder iv) Photovoltaic transducer UNIT-2
ACTUATION SYSTEMS TWO MARK QUESTIONS 1.Write down the applications of fluid systems? 2.State the advantages of fluid systems? 3.What are the disadvantages of fluid systems? 4.What is called pneumatic system? 5.list down basic element of a pneumatic system? 6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic system? 7.Mention various components of a hydraulic systems? 8.What is called hydraulic accumulator/ 9.What is the function of hydraulic pumps in a hydraulic system? 10.State any four advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic systems? 11.List down the functions of direction control valves? 12.Classify control valves used in hydraulic system? 13.List down the advantages of poppet valve? 14.What are the use of pilot operated valve? 15.Why is pressure regulating valve used in hydraulic systems? 16.What are the types of process control valve? 17.What is meant by actuators? 18.Classify actuators? 19.State the function of linear actuators in fluid systems? 20.Explain the working principle of pneumatic diaphragm actuator? 21.Suggest suitable actuator for robot arm joint and justify? 22.Where are rotary actuators used? 23.What are the types of rotary actuators?
24.Differente between vane actuator and rack and pinion actuator? 25.Write down any four advantages of rotary actuators? 26.How can we define mechanism in mechanical actuation systems? 27.List down any four primary function of mechanical actuation systems? 28.What is cam? 29.Note down most commonly used cams? 30.What are the different types of cam followers? 31.What is gear train? State its functions? 32.List down the element of gear train? 33.What are the applications gear trains? 34.Mention the limitation of gear train? 35.Classify gears? 36.What are the various types of gear trains? 37.How does planetary hear train differ from simple train? 38.Mention the use of ratchet and pawl mechanism? 39.Where are belt drives mainly used? 40.Statee the advantages of belt drives? 41.List down the types of belt drives? 42.State the reason why crossed belt transmit more power than open belts? 43.Classify belts? 44.How do chain drives differ from rope and belt drives? 45.State the advantages of chain drives? 46.Mention disadvantages of chain drives? 47.What is a bearing? 48.Classify bearings?
49.Specify the types of lubrication in journal bearings? 50.What is journal bearings? Mention important parts of it? 51.Categorize journal bearings? 52.Classify rolling contact bearings? 53.What are the types of radial ball bearings? 54.List down the factors to be considered for the selection of bearings? 55.What is an actuator? 56.What is electrical actuators? 57.Write the example for electrical actuators? 58.What are the two major parts in solenoid? 59.What are the types of D.C motors? 60.Define step angle? 61.Define Holding torque? 62.Define pullin rate? 63.Define pullout rate? 64.Define slew range? 65.At what conditions SPDT,DPST an DPDT switches are used? 66.What are the factors to be considered for selection solenoids? 67.What is the principle of relay? 68.What is Zener voltage? 69.How are input and output connections made in transistor configuration? 70.Name three output characteristics of transistor configuration? 71.How are input and output connections made in transistor configuration? 72.Name three output characteristics of transistors configuration? 73.What are the types of field effect transistor?
74.List down the functions of JFET? 75What is MOSFET? 76.Mension features available in MOSFET? 77.Classify electrical motor? 78.What is TRIAC? 79.List down the features of synchronous motor? 80.What is a stepper motor? 81.What are mechanical switches? 82.Give the example of solid state switches? 83.Draw the symbol of SCR? 84.What are the two types of MOSFET? 8 MARKS AND 16 MARKS 1.Write short notes on fluid system? 2.Explain the working of a pneumatic systems with the help of a neat sketch? 3.List down the elements of hydraulic systems and explain each briefly? 4.What is an accumulator? Explain. 5.Discuss why hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic systems? 6.Explain sliding spool valve in control process? 7.Discuss how pilot-operated valve in control the flow of fluid? 8.Explain the purpose of a pressure sequence valve? 9.Compare physical components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems? 10.Explain rotary actuators with help of a sketch and compare it with linear actuator? 11.Explain various types of cam followers? 12.Explain any four type of cam followers? 13.Explain any four types of cams?
14.Write short notes on bevel gears? 15Explain compound gear train with its diagram? 16.Explain the motion transmission in a planetary gear train and compare it with epicyclic gear train? 17.Describe the working ratchet and pawl mechanism with its neat sketch? 18.Discuss the importance of belt drives in mechanical catuation systems? 19.Differentiate open belt drive and cross belt drive? 20.Write short notes on chain drive? 21.Explain different types of lubrication in bearings? 22.Explain various types of ball and roller bearings? 23.Discuss the selection criteria in bearings? 24.Explain about solenoid and its applications? 25.Give classification of an electric motor? 26.Explain the operation of an electric motor? 27.Describe back e.m.f? 28.Give classification of AC motor? 29.Differentiate the different between single phase and poly phase motors? 30.Explain working principle of a) Synchronous motor b)ac Servomotors 31.Explain the working principle of D.C motors? 32.Explain open loop and closed loop control of D.C motor? 33.Explain the working principle of brushless permanent magnet D.C motor? 34.What are the advanteges of dc motor? 35.Explain the working principle of single phase squirrel cage and three phase induction motor? 36.Describe the workings of a 3 phase AC motor? 37.Explain the working principle of various stepper motor?
38.Explain the working principle of stepper motors in half step mode? 39.Explain the function of the brushes and commutation in a DC motor? 40.Explain dynamic braking? 41.Draw the electrical symbol for the following switching arrangement? a) DPST b)dpdt c)triple pole,single throw 42.List applications for each of the following switches a) Push button b) Toggle swiches c)waferr switch d)three position switch 43.List applications of an electromechanical relay 44.Semiconductor diodes conduct electricity in only one direction. True or false? 45.list the major differences between bipolar and JFET Transistors? 46.What are the major different between JFET and MOSFET? 47.What are the charecteristics, advantages and disadvantages of three types of transistors circuit commonly used? 48.Explain SCR and the way to turn an SCR? 49.Explain how a thyristor can be used to control the level of a DC voltage? 50.Explain the principle of operation of a stepper motor? 51.Describe a DIAC and TRIAC? 52.Describe a PNP and NPN transistor? 53.for what type of machine are shut motors generally used? 54.Describe a 3 phase,ac synchronous motor, give their advantages and disadvantages?
UNIT-3 SYSTEM MODELS TWO MARK QUESTIONS 1.What is mathematical model? 2.What is lumped parameter system? 3.What are the classifications of mechatronic systems? 4.List the basic elements of traditional system? 5.What is a spring? 6.Define dashpot? 7.What is mass? 8.What are the types of rotational systems? 9.What is free body diagram? 10.What are the building blocks of an electrical system? 11.Write the value of the voltage across the building blocks of an electrical systems? 12.Name the three types of systems used in mesh analysis? 13. What are the building blocks of a fluid system? 14.What is hydraulic system? 15.What is a pneumatic systems? 16Mark questions 1.What is block diagram explain the use of micro controller for house hold applications? 2.Draw the block diagram of 8085 microprocessor and explain the function of each element? 3.Explain about fluid systems building blocks? 4.Explain about building up a model for a fluid systems? 5.Explain electronical propotional derivative(pd) controller with necessary circuits diagram? 6.Explain electronic proportional integral (PI) controller with necessary circuit diagrams?
7.Explain the characteristics of PID controller 8.Explain about electromechanical systems? 9.Explain about hydraulic power systems? 10.Differntiate open loop and closed loop systems? 11.Explain about velocity control and adaptive control? 12.Explain the applications of microprocessor control? UNIT-4 PROGRAMMING LOGIC CONTROLLER TWO(2) MARKS 1.What is the need of controllers? 2.Write about PLC? 3.Write the operating principle of the logic controllers? 4.What is the main advantages of PLC? 5.What are the features of PLC as a controller? 6.Write about the architecture of a PLC? 7.Write about relay? 8.What is ladder programming? 9.Draw the logic diagram for an AND system? 10.Draw the logic diagram for an NOR system? 11.Draw the logic diagram for an NAND system? 12.Draw the logic diagram for XOR system? 13.What is a latch circuit? 14.Write about TIMER circuit? 15.What are the types of counters?
16.What is an up counter? 17.What is an down counter? 18.Write about shift register? 19.What are input of shift register? 20.What are the criteria needed for the selection of a PLC? 21.Give a few examples of mnemonics used for the Mitsubishi f series PLCs? 22.What are the components of a PLC? 23.Draw the block diagram of PLC? 24.What is the function of programming devices? 25.define CPU? 26.List out the various programming device? 27.Define memory unit? 28.What are the types of memory? 29.Compare PLC with computer? 30.What are input/output devices used in PLC? 31.List down input/output modules interface? 32.Define program scanning? 33.Draw the ladder diagram and truth table of NAND gate? 34.List down different type of TIMERS? 35.What is meant by retentive timer? 36.List down general applications of PLCs for control? 37.Draw the ladder rungs to represent a latch circuit? 38.How PLC differ from relay logic? 39.Explain delay ON and delay OFF timer with ladder diagrams? 40.What are the logic function that can be obtained by using switches in series?
Big questions 1.What are the advantages of PLC over relay logic? 2.Compare the PLC and general purpose computer? 3.Explain the basic function of the major parts of the CPU? 4.Explain the input modules and out put modules circuit with a neat sketch? 5.Write short notes on Timer? 6.What is meant by Internal relays?explain? 7.Briefly explain how data handling is carried out in PLC? 8.Explain how you select a PLC and give specifications of a typical PLC? 9.Explain the functioning of cascaded Timer, on-off cyclic timers, and delay-off Timers with ladder diagram? 10.Explain different operations carried out by PLC in data handling? 11.Explain the use of internal relays in PLC to control a Pneumatic system with double solenoid valve and two cylinders? 12.What are ladder logic programs in PLC? 13.Sketch and explain latch circuits in PLC? 14.Explain data handling and manipulation? 15.Briefly explain logic gates functions with PLC ladder logic gates? 16.What is meant by counters and Briefly explain its types? 17.Solve the all ladder logic programming problems?
UNIT NO:5 Design of mechatronics system Part-A Two (2)mark questions 1.What are the stages in designing a mechatronic system? 2.Mension any four statements about the problem definition? 3.Distinguish between traditional design approach and mechatronics approach? 4.The design of mechatronics system is different from that of traditional system? 5.List the advantages of mechatronics design over traditional design? 6.How a traditional design of temperature control of domestic cetral heating system is improved by mechatronic design? 7.What are the requirement satisfied before starting the timer? 8.How can delay be varied in a simple program? 9.What are the advantages of PLC system in timed switch over traditional one? 10.What is a windscreen wiper? 11.What are the configurations in operating stepper motor? 12.Write the basic steps of the program to run a stepper motor? 13.What is the function of decoder? 14.What are the various movement of robots? 15.What are autonomous mobile robots? 16.List down some of the applications of autonomous mobile robots? 17.What are the essential requirements of an autonomous mobile robot? 18.List down the various design factors to be considered while designing a mobile robot? 19.What is meant by wireless surveillance balloon? 20.Wireless surveillance balloons are socially interactive multiple robot system justify?
21.What are aerostats? 22.Why wireless surveillance balloons are needed in military applications? 23.What are the basic elements of a wireless surveillance balloon? 24.List down various applications of the wireless surveillance balloon? 25.What are the advantages of a wireless surveillance balloon? 26.List down the various factors to be considered while choosing a wireless surveillance balloon? 27.Name the two barriers used in automatic car parking system and state its use? 28.What is an electronic engine management? 29.What are the uses of sensors in engine management? 30.List out the various sensors used in engine management system? 31.Compare traditional mechanical approaches of engine management system? 32.Compare and the contrast the traditional design of a watch with that of a mechatronics based digital watch? 33.List down the various mechatronics elements in an automatic camera? 34.What are the advantages of using a microprocessor in the place of a mechanical controller for a carburetor of an automobile? 35.Identify the sensor,signal conditioner and display elements in the bourdon pressure gauge? 36.How is a traditional design of flow control in a large pipe improved by mechanical design? 37.Automatic camera is a mechatronics system-justify? 16 Mark questions 1.What are the various stage in desining a mechatronic system? Explain? 2.Briefly explain traditional and mechatronics design? 3.Compare the traditional and mechatronics design approaches? 4.Explain different possible design solution of timed switch? 5.Explain different possible design solution of windscreen wiper?
6.Describe the two configurations of stepper motor in operation? 7.Design hardware to interface 7 segment LEDs with 8085 microprocessor?write a software to display number from 0 to 9 continuously with a suitable delay time? 8.Explain the working of a weighing scale using mechatronics solution compare this over a traditional mechanical system? 9.Discuss the design aspects of a pick and place robot, in terms of the various mechatronic elements involved? 10.Design a pick and place robt using mechatronics elements and explain about the robot control? 11.Explain the various elements autonomous mobile robots? 12.Discuss in detail,various design factors to be considered while designing a mobile robot? 13.Explain different elements of a wireless surveillance balloon with neat sketch? 14.Discuss various application and advantages of wireless surveillance balloon? 15.Discuss mechatronic design of an automatic car park system? With necessary diagrams,explain the automatic car parking system 16.Discuss a mechatronics based engine management system? Explain the design of a mechatronic system used in an engine management system? Explain about basis of mechatronics system design considering vehicle engine management system as example 17.What is the role of sensors in car management system? Explain with a block diagram? Or Or Or