Islamic Development Bank KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATISTICS ON IDB MEMBER COUNTRIES STATISTICAL MONOGRAPH NO. 24 ECONOMIC POLICY AND STRATEGIC DEPARTMENT Jumada I 1425H (July 2004)
PREFACE Key Socio-Economic Statistics on IDB Member Countries (Statistical Monograph) is the annual flagship statistical publication of the Islamic Development Bank presenting social, economic, and financial data on IDB member countries. Since its first edition in 1980, the Statistical Monograph has evolved in terms of the indicators covered, overall quality, responsiveness to users needs, user-friendliness, and readability. Its primary aim, at inception, was to provide readily available data on socio-economic indicators of IDB member countries to assist IDB in monitoring developments in its member countries and respond appropriately and timely to national (or regional or global) developmental issues that could affect its mission. In recent years, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) -- which call for setting targets and benchmarks, and the development of statistical indicators for measuring progress and results, for evaluating success and failures, and for evaluating policies and responses have identified data as a linchpin for undertaking assessment of member countries. In this context, the Statistical Monograph, in addition to containing selected key indicators for monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs at country level, also contains aggregate statistics on IDB member countries as a group which are not readily available in any international and national statistical publications. Moreover, the Statistical Monograph would help researchers on IDB member countries to have access to comparable data as well as reliable aggregate statistics for use in their works. As in earlier editions, the indicators covered in the Statistical Monograph are grouped under three main headings: Demographic and Human Development Indicators (Part 1), Macroeconomic Indicators (Part II) and External Sector Economic Indicators (Part III). Part 1 provides indicators on demography, population structure, vital statistic, health, education, poverty and human development, information and communication technology, employment, wage, productivity and competitiveness, environment, land use, food and agricultural production, which are used to assess progress in social and human development. Part II provides information on national accounts, government finance, inflation, money supply, and exchange rates and interest rate. National accounts data provide essential information on the economic performance in terms of growth and structure of output, investments, and savings. Part III provides indicators on external trade, balance of payments, external debt and financial flows. In each part, the Monograph presents highlights of major trends and analysis of the indicators covered. In addition, it also shows the performances of IDB and OIC economies for various years, together with, for comparative purposes, those of developing countries, least developed countries, high-income countries, and the world. Data for the Statistical Monograph No. 24 were sourced from the IDB Live Database (which was set up by the World Bank in December 2002) and from online databases, publications and CD ROMs of several international institutions including the IMF, UNCTAD, FAO, UNDP, WRI, and OECD. We would like to register our thanks and appreciation to all these institutions for their cooperation and continuous exchange of data with IDB. This Statistical Monograph was prepared in the Statistics Section of the Economic Policy and Strategic Planning (EPSP) Department of the Islamic Development Bank by Dr. Abdullateef Bello and assisted by Br. Abul-Bashar Majumder. STATISTICS SECTION ECONOMIC POLICY DIVISION ECONOMIC POLICY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT iii
CONTENTS Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations... xi Data Sources... xii PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Highlights... 3 1.1 Demographic Statistics... 9 Mid-Year Population... 9 Population Growth rate... 9 1.2 Population structure... 10 Gender... 10 Population age composition... 10 Dependency ratios... 10 1.3 Vital Statistics... 11 Population Density... 11 Crude Birth Rate... 11 Crude Death Rate... 11 Total Fertility Rate... 11 1.4 Mortality... 12 Under-5 Mortality Rate... 12 Infant Mortality Rate... 12 Maternal Mortality Rate... 12 1.5 Education... 13 Adult Illiteracy Rate... 13 Primary School Enrolment Ratio... 13 Secondary School Enrolment Ratio... 13 1.6 Health... 14 Life Expectancy at birth... 14 Access to Safe Water... 14 Access to Sanitation... 14 Access to Drugs... 14 Physicians... 14 Hospital Beds... 14 1.7 Health Expenditure... 15 Total health expenditure (% GDP)... 15 Public expenditure on health (% GDP... 15 Private expenditure on health (% GDP)... 15 Health expenditure per capita (US$)... 15 v
1.8 Poverty and Human Development... 16 Population below national poverty line... 16 Population below $1 a day and $2 a day... 16 Human Poverty Index... 16 Gini Index... 16 Human Development Index... 16 1.9 Information and Communication Technology Indicators... 17 Daily Newspapers... 17 Radio... 17 Television sets... 17 Telephone mainlines... 17 Personal Computers... 17 Internet Users... 17 ICT expenditure... 17 1.10 Science and Technology... 18 Scientists and engineers in R&D... 18 Technicians in R&D... 18 Science and technical journal articles... 18 Expenditures for R&D... 18 High-technology exports... 18 Patent applications filed... 18 Trademark applications filed... 18 1.11 Employment... 19 Labour force... 19 Percentage of labour force in Agriculture... 19 Percentage of labour force in Industry... 19 Percentage of labour force in Services... 19 1.12 Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness... 20 Average hours worked... 20 Minimum wage... 20 Labour cost per worker in manufacturing... 20 Value-added per worker in manufacturing... 20 World Competitiveness Ranking... 20 1.13 Environment... 21 Forest area... 21 Deforestation... 21 CO 2 emissions... 21 1.14 Land Use... 22 Arable Land (% Land Area)... 22 Cropped Land (% Land Area)... 22 Others (% Land Area)... 22 Arable Land per capita... 22 vi
1.15 Food Production... 23 Wheat... 23 Maize... 23 Rice... 23 1.16 Agricultural and Per Capita Production Indices... 24 1.17 Food and Per Capita Production Indices... 25 PART II: MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS Highlights... 29 2.1 Output (Gross Domestic Product)... 33 2.2 Growth of Output... 34 2.3 Structure of Output... 35 Agriculture... 35 Industry... 35 Manufacturing... 35 Services... 35 2.4 Sectoral Growth Rates... 36 Agriculture... 36 Industry... 36 Manufacturing... 36 Services... 36 2.5 Per Capita Output and Income... 37 Gross National Income (GNI)... 37 Per Capita GNI... 37 Per Capita GDP... 37 2.6 Structure of Demand... 38 Private Consumption... 38 Government Consumption... 38 Gross Domestic Investment... 38 Export of Goods & Services... 38 Import of Goods & Services... 38 2.7 Investment, Saving, and Resource Gap... 39 Gross National Savings... 39 Gross Domestic Investment... 39 Gross Domestic Savings... 39 Resource Gap... 39 vii
2.8 Growth of Demand... 40 Private Consumption... 40 Government Consumption... 40 Gross Domestic Investment... 40 Export of Goods & Services... 40 2.9 Government Finance... 41 Current Revenue... 41 Expenditure and net lending... 41 Budget Surplus/Deficit... 41 2.10 Inflation... 42 All Items... 42 Annual Average... 42 Food... 42 Annual Average... 42 2.11 GDP Implicit Deflator... 43 Annual percentage change... 43 Growth Rate... 43 2.12 Relative Prices and Exchange Rates... 44 Exchange Rate arrangements... 44 Official exchange rate... 44 Ratio of PPP to official exchange rate... 44 Real effective exchange rate... 44 Purchasing power parity conversion factor... 44 Interest rate... 44 Deposit... 44 Lending... 44 Real... 44 2.13 Money Supply... 45 Narrow Money (M1)... 45 Broad Money (M2)... 45 2.14 Financial Depth and Efficiency... 46 Domestic credit by banking sector... 46 Liquid liabilities... 46 Quasi-liquid liabilities... 46 Ratio of bank liquid reserves to bank assets... 46 Interest rate spread... 46 Risk premium on lending... 46 viii
PART III: EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS Highlight... 49 3.1 Merchandise Exports (f.o.b)... 51 Growth rate... 51 3.2 Merchandise Import (c.i.f)... 52 Growth rate... 52 3.3 Terms of Trade... 53 3.4 Structure of merchandise exports... 54 3.5 Structure of merchandise imports... 55 3.6 Tariff... 56 All products... 56 Primary products... 56 Manufactured products... 56 3.7 Intra-IDB Countries Trade... 57 Intra-IDB countries Exports... 57 Intra-IDB Countries Imports... 57 Openness of economy... 57 3.8 Direction of Trade: Exports... 58 3.9 Direction of Trade: Imports... 59 3.10 Intra-Trade by Regional groupings... 60 3.11 Exports of Five Core Commodities... 61 3.12 Exports Concentration & Diversification... 66 3.13 Imports Concentration & Diversification... 67 3.14 Balance of Payments... 68 Goods and Services... 68 Net Income... 68 Net current transfer... 68 Current account balance... 68 3.15 International Reserves and Ratio to Imports... 69 3.16 Debt Indicators... 70 Present value of debt... 70 ix
Percentage of GNP... 70 Percentage of Exports... 70 Total External Debt... 70 Percentage of GNP... 70 Percentage of Exports... 70 Debt Service... 70 Percentage of GNP... 70 Percentage of Exports... 70 3.17 Net Financial Flows... 71 Net Resource Flows... 71 Official Development Assistance... 71 Foreign Direct Investment... 71 3.18 Investment Climate... 72 Credit Markets... 72 Composite ICRG risk rating... 72 Institutional Investor credit rating... 72 Euromoney country credit-worthiness rating... 72 Moody's sovereign long-term debt rating... 72 S&P's sovereign long-term debt rating... 72 3.19 Private Sector Development... 73 3.20 Net projects financing of the IDB Group... 74 3.21 IDB Group Trade Financing, Special Assistance Operations, and Total Operations... 77 Technical Note... 81 Glossary... 87 x
SYMBOLS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Symbols.. Data not available 0.0 The figure exists, but in rounding is set equal to zero. -- Aggregate is not computed because more than one-third of the observations in the series is missing in a given year. % Percentage '000 Thousands Acronyms and Abbreviations c.i.f f.o.b FAO GDP GNP GNI IDB IMF LDCs MCs MFIs ODA OECD OIC UNCTAD UNDP WRI XGS Cost, insurance, and freight Free on board Food and Agricultural Organization Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Gross National Income Islamic Development Bank International Monetary Fund Least Developed Countries IDB Member Countries Multilateral Financial Institutions Official Development Assistance Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Organization of the Islamic Conference United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme World Resources Institute Export of goods and services x
Data Sources 1. FAO, FAOSTAT Online, June 2004. 2. IDB, Live Database, June 2004. 3. IMF, Direction of Trade Statistic, CD-ROM, March 2004. 4. IMF, International Financial Statistics Online, June 2004. 5. OECD, International Development Statistics Online, June 2004. 6. UNCTAD, Handbook of Statistics, CD-ROM 2003. 7. UNDP, Human Development Report, 2003. 8. World Bank, Global Development Finance, CD-ROM 2004. 9. World Bank, World Development Indicators, CD-ROM 2004. 10. WRI, World Resources CD-ROM 2002-2004. xii
PART I DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
1. DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1.1 Population In 2002, the population of IDB member countries reached 1.2 billion compared with the estimated figures of 0.7 billion and 0.9 billion recorded in 1980 and 1990 respectively. In terms of share in world population, the IDB member countries population represented about 20 percent of the world s in 2002. Three IDB member countries had more than 100 million population in 2002: Indonesia (212 million), Pakistan (145 million) and Bangladesh (136 million). On the other hand, the least populated IDB member countries in 2002 were Maldives (0.3 million), Brunei (0.4 million) and Suriname (0.4 million). Between 1993 and 2002, the annual population growth rate of IDB member countries was 2.0 per cent compared with a growth rate of 2.4 recorded over a decade earlier (1983-1992). This decline in growth rate over two decades (1983-1992 and 1993-2002) is consistent with trend observed for the LDCs (2.6% to 2.3%), Developing Countries (1.9% to 1.5%), and the World (1.7% to 1.3%). At the country level, Kuwait experienced the highest population growth rate over two decades from -1.0 per cent in 1983-1992 to 4.4 per cent in 1993-2002 while Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone achieved constant population rate of 2.4 per cent and 2.2 per cent respectively during two decades (1983-1992 and 1993-2002). Given that that the determinants of population growth of IDB member countries in 1993-2002 would remain constant in the future, it is expected that the population of IDB member countries would double in 35 years. In 2002, IDB member countries had slightly more male-population that female-population: 50.5 per cent males as against 49.5 per cent females. In Qatar and UAE, for every one female, there were about two (2) males in the population in 2002 whilst in 4 countries (Djibouti, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Mozambique) the proportion of females exceeded the males by at least two percentage points. In terms of population age composition of IDB member countries, about 60 per cent of the total population in 2002 were in working age group (15-64 years), whilst the youths (aged 0-14 years) accounted 36 per cent, and the remaining 4 per cent of the population were in the old age group (65+ years). Total dependency burden on working and productive age group varies in IDB member countries according to age structure. In 2002, every 100 persons of the working age group in the IDB member countries were responsible, on average, for support of 67 people. At country level, the dependency ratio ranged from 37 per cent in Kuwait to 107 per cent in Chad in 2002. 1.2 Vital Statistics and Mortality There were 39 persons per square kilometer in the combined IDB member countries in 2002 compared to 33 persons in square kilometer in 1990. This increase in person per square kilometer in IDB countries is not consistent with the trend observed in the developing countries where there were as high as 53 persons per sq. km. in 2002 as compared with 57 persons per sq. km. in 1990. More than half of the IDB member countries in 2002 had population density higher than the average of the world's population density. In 2002, the crude birth rate of IDB member countries as a group inched down to 28 per 1,000 persons from 34 per 1,000 persons in 1990. Similarly, the crude death rate of IDB member countries as a group also dropped from 11 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 9 per 1,000 persons in 2002. Consequently, the natural growth rate of population ---the difference 3
between the crude birth rate and crude death rate--- inched down from 23 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 19 per 1,000 persons in 2002. Total fertility rate of IDB member countries as a group decreased marginally from 5 births per woman in 1990 to 4 births per woman in 2002; these figures are relatively and slightly more than the developing countries' and world's rate of 3 birth per woman in 2002. Indeed, the number of birth per woman in IDB member countries is twice as high as those experienced in high income countries of 2 birth per woman. More than half of IDB member countries had number of births per woman than exceeded the average of the IDB member countries as a group. In 1990, for every 1000 live births in IDB member countries, 114 died before reaching the age of 5. However, by 2002, the under-5 mortality rate in IDB member countries had dropped significantly to 83 per 1,000 live births. By contrast, the infant mortality rate of IDB member countries as a group which was 77 per 1,000 live births in 1990 also dropped to 58 per 1,000 live births in 2002. It is intuitive that these figures are indicative of improvement in health services in member countries, but more concerted efforts would be needed to meet the Millennium Declaration goals that targeted a reduction of both infant and under-5 mortality rates by two-thirds in 2015. 1.3 Education Education is an important enabler to reaping the benefits of globalization and achieving economic growth and prosperity. Universal primary education for the world population is clearly embedded in the Millennium development goals which call for reduction in illiteracy rate at country level. The adult illiteracy rate of IDB member countries as a group declined from 43 per cent in 1990 to 32 per cent in 2002. Amongst the IDB member countries, illiteracy rate ranged from 1 per cent in both Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to 83 per cent in Niger in 2002. However, in terms of enrollment in primary and secondary schools, the average ratios for the IDB member countries increased respectively by 10 per cent and 17 per cent between 1990 and 2001. At the country level, 14 IDB member countries witnessed a decline in gross primary school enrolment ratio whilst 7 countries also experienced a drop in gross secondary school enrolment ratio since 1980. 1.4 Health A child born in 2002 in IDB member countries is expected to have an average life span of 63 years whereas he or she would have had an average life expectancy of 60 years in 1990. Thus, in just 12 years the average life expectancy of IDB member countries had increased by 3 years; this trend contrasted sharply with those observed in the developing countries and the World which had life expectancy of 65 years and 67 years respectively in 2002. At country level, the life expectancy ranged from 37 years in Sierra-Leone to 77 years in Brunei and Kuwait. The percentage of population in IDB member countries with access to safe water, sanitation, and drugs increased generally in most of the years for which data are available. During the year 200, the population with access to improved safe water in IDB member countries ranged from 13 per cent in Afghanistan to 100 per cent in Djibouti, Lebanon, and Maldives whilst the population with access to sanitation also ranged from 12 per cent in Afghanistan to 100 per cent in Kyrgyz Republic and Saudi Arabia. In every 1,000 people there was an average of 0.6 physicians in IDB member countries in 1980 but during the period 1990-2002, the number of physicians per 1,000 people in IDB 4
member countries ranged from 0.1 physicians per 1,000 people in Afghanistan, Comoros, and Senegal to 3.6 physicians per 1,000 people in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In 2001, the IDB member countries as a group expended 4.2 per cent of their total output (GDP) in health as compared to 3.2 per cent in 1990. The figure for 2001 is unfortunately not at par with the share for the world at 9.8 per cent, high-income countries at 10.8 per cent, and developing countries at 5.8 per cent. The individual IDB member countries' share of health expenditure in 2001 varied from 0.9 per cent of GDP in Azerbaijan to 9.5 per cent of the GDP in Jordan. The shares of the public and private expenditures on health in IDB member countries as a group were respectively 2.2 and 1.9 per cent of the GDP in 2001 compared to the world at 5.6 per cent and 4.2 per cent of GDP respectively. The per capita health expenditure of the IDB member countries as a group dropped from US$71 in 1990 to US$64 in 2001 whereas the figures for other economic groupings showed an upward trend (developing countries from US$ 43 in 1990 to US$72 in 2001; high-income countries from US$1,742 in 1990 to US$2,841 in 2001; and the world from US$359 in 1990 to US$500 in 2001). 1.5 Poverty and Human Development Alleviating poverty has become a mantra for most multilateral financing institutions including the IDB. This is spurred by increasing economic problems facing a number of developing countries including the IDB member countries. The share of population below the poverty line in IDB member countries ranged from 7.6 per cent in Tunisia to 64.1 per cent in Kyrgyz Republic for the survey years in which data are available. At the international level, the proportion of population below $1 a day in IDB member countries ranged from less than 2 per cent (Albania, Algeria, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey) to 72.8 per cent (Mali). In contrast, the proportion of population below $2 a day in IDB member countries ranged from 6.6 per cent (Tunisia) to 90.6 per cent (Mali). Similarly, the proportion of people who are left out of progress (i.e. deprived) in IDB member countries, measured by human poverty index, ranged from 7.5 per cent (Jordan) to 61.8 per cent (Niger) in 2001. However, in terms of human development index (HDI) of 2001, 5 IDB member countries (Brunei with rank 31, Bahrain with rank 37, Qatar with rank 44, Kuwait with rank 46, and UAE with rank 48) were in high human development category, while 28 countries were in medium human development category (with ranks ranging from 58 to 141), and 18 countries were classified into low medium development category with ranks ranging from 142 to 177. It is interesting to observe that the worst performance in terms of HDI of 2001 were from IDB member countries (Mali with rank 172, Niger with rank 174 and Sierra Leone with rank 175). 1.6 Information and Communication technology Information and communication technology (ICT) is regarded as a vehicle for economic growth. It is well established that ICT creates jobs and enables country to leapfrog development as well as attracts investments under conducive business conditions. In 2000, the IDB member countries as a group had an average of 41 daily newspapers per 1,000 people. On the other hand, in 2001, for every 1,000 people in IDB member countries there was an average of 211 radios compared to the world's average of 419 radios per 1,000 people. In 2002, 164 television sets were available for every 1,000 people in IDB member countries compared to 275 television sets per 1,000 people for the world. Similarly, for every 1,000 people there were 66 telephone mainlines compared to the world's average of 176 telephone mainlines per 1,000 people. IDB member countries as a group had an average of 22 personal computers (PCs) per 1,000 people in 2002 compared to the world's average of 101 PCs per 1,000 people. It also had an average of 30 internet users per 1,000 people in 2002 as compared to 50 per 1,000 people in 5
developing countries. These figures, although impressive, show that most member countries are still lagging behind in adopting and diffusing ICT for development. 1.7 Employment indicators Innovation and creativity are driven by science and technology. Meeting the technology demands of member countries require strengthening indigenous technology and producing more human capital in R&D. Between 1990 and 2001, the number of scientists and engineers in R&D in the individual IDB member countries ranged from 2 per million people (Senegal) to 2,799 per million people (Azerbaijan). In 2002, IDB member countries exported high technology ranging from US$ 1 million (Cameroon) to US$ 40,912 million (Malaysia). By contrast, the patent applications filed by people resident in IDB member countries varied from 1 (Gambia and Mozambique) to 1,610 (Kazakhstan) in 2001. 1.8 Employment indicators The average labour force as per cent of the working age group in IDB member countries increased from 63 per cent in 1990 to 72 per cent in 2002. Between 1990 and 2002, the annual average growth rate of the labour force ranged from -13.3 in Egypt to 36.4 per cent in Qatar. During the period 1999-2002, the percentage of labour force in agriculture varied from 6 per cent in Morocco to 62 per cent in Bangladesh. Similarly, the percentage of labour force in industry varied from 10 percent (Bangladesh) to 33 per cent (U.A.E). Also the percentage of labour force in services sector varied from 24 per cent (Bangladesh) to 59 per cent in U.A.E. 1.9 Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness The average hours worked per week in IDB member countries ranged from 43 (Indonesia) to 52 (Bangladesh) during the period 1995-99 and the minimum wage during the same period ranged from US$ 65 per year (Kyrgyz) to US$ 8,244 per year (Kuwait). Productivity, proxied by labor cost per worker or value added per worker in manufacturing, has generally inched up in IDB member countries between the periods 1980-84 and 1995-99, the only few exceptions where productivity (i.e. labor cost per worker) has declined were Algeria (from US$ 6242 in 1980-84 to US$ 2638 in 1995-99), Egypt (from US$ 2210 in 1980-84 to US$ 1863 in 1995-99), Jordan (from US$ 4643 in 1980-84 to US$ 2082 in 1995-99), Kyrgyz (from US$ 2287 in 1980-84 to US$ 687 in 1995-99) and Yemen (from US$ 4492 in 1980-84 to US$ 1291 in 1995-99). In terms of competitiveness, only three IDB member countries have data out of the 49 countries reported in the World Competitiveness Yearbook 2002. Of the three IDB countries, Indonesia maintained its rank of 47 in two consecutive years, 2001 and 2002, while Malaysia improved its rank from 29 in 2001 to 26 in 2002, Turkey slipped from 44 in 2001 to 46 in 2002. 1.10 Land Use and Environment The share of arable land of IDB member countries as a group in total land area increased marginally by about 0.5 percent point from 7.1 per cent in 1990 to 7.6 per cent in 2001. On the other hand, the permanent crop land of IDB member countries remained at 1.4 per cent of the total land area in 1990 and 2001. Non-agricultural land (i.e. others) of IDB member countries accounted for the lion's share of the total land area at 92 per cent in 1990 and came slightly down to 91 per cent in 2001. 6
On the other hand, the forest area of IDB member countries occupied 14.6 per cent of the total land area in 2000, which is considerably less than the corresponding figures for the lowincome countries at 27 per cent, the developing countries at 31 per cent and the world at 30 per cent. The total forest area of IDB member countries covered 3,895 thousand square km in 2000, which is just about 8 per cent of the forest area of the developing countries and 10 per cent of the world's forest area. Average annual deforestation in IDB member countries stood at 0.9 per cent between 1990 and 2000. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita is one of the lowest in the world at 1.9 metric tons in 1990 and nearly surged to 2.1 metric tons in 2000. 1.11 Food and Agricultural Production Of the three common staple food produced by IDB member countries in 2003, rice production accounted for 19.2 per cent of world's total rice production, followed by wheat with 17.7 per cent of the world's wheat production, and maize with just 5 per cent of the world's maize production. In terms of percentage change, maize production in IDB member countries as a group increased by 7.8 per cent from 29,584 thousand metric tons in 2002 to 31,891 thousand metric tons in 2003, while the rice production also increased by 1.5 per cent from 111,533 thousand metric tons in 2002 to 113,256 thousand metric tons in 2003. Similarly, the wheat production increased also by 4.2 per cent from 94,714 thousand metric tons in 2002 to 98,685 thousand metric tons in 2003. Agricultural and food production indices have generally showed upward trend. In particular, agricultural production index increased from 127 in 2000 to 135 in 2003; and the food production indices increased similarly from 130 in 2000 to 138 in 2003. However, the par capita agricultural and food production indices showed a downward trend during 1990-2003. 7
Table 1.1: Population Mid-Year Population (million) Growth Rate (%) Country 1980 1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1983-1992 1993-2002 Afghanistan 16.0 17.7 24.1 25.1 25.9 26.6 27.3 28.0 1.9 3.9 Albania 2.7 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 1.7-0.4 Algeria 18.7 25.0 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.4 30.8 31.3 2.7 1.7 Azerbaijan 6.2 7.2 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 1.5 1.0 Bahrain 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.2 2.9 Bangladesh 85.4 110.0 124.4 126.6 128.8 131.1 133.3 135.7 2.4 1.7 Benin 3.5 4.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.6 3.2 2.6 Brunei 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.9 2.5 Burkina Faso 7.0 8.9 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.3 11.6 11.8 2.4 2.4 Cameroon 8.8 11.7 14.1 14.4 14.8 15.1 15.4 15.8 2.9 2.4 Chad 4.5 5.8 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.1 8.3 2.6 3.1 Comoros 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.6 2.5 Cote d'ivoire 8.2 11.8 14.7 15.1 15.5 15.8 16.2 16.5 3.5 2.6 Djibouti 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.1 2.7 Egypt 40.9 52.4 60.4 61.6 62.8 64.0 65.2 66.4 2.4 1.9 Gabon 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.2 2.5 Gambia 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 4.0 3.2 Guinea 4.5 5.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.7 2.8 2.4 Guinea-Bissau 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.9 2.8 Indonesia 148.3 178.2 198.2 200.9 203.6 206.3 209.0 211.7 1.8 1.4 Iran 39.1 54.4 60.9 61.9 62.7 63.7 64.5 65.5 2.8 1.5 Iraq 13.0 18.1 21.8 22.3 22.8 23.2 23.7 24.2 3.2 2.3 Jordan 2.2 3.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 4.7 3.1 Kazakhstan 14.9 16.3 15.8 15.5 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.9 0.8-1.1 Kuwait 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3-1.0 4.4 Kyrgyz Republic 3.6 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 1.9 1.1 Lebanon 3.0 3.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 2.0 1.6 Libya 3.0 4.3 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 2.8 2.0 Malaysia 13.8 18.2 21.7 22.2 22.7 23.3 23.8 24.3 2.8 2.4 Maldives 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.9 2.4 Mali 6.6 8.5 10.1 10.3 10.6 10.8 11.1 11.4 2.6 2.4 Mauritania 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.7 Morocco 19.4 24.0 27.3 27.8 28.2 28.7 29.2 29.6 2.1 1.7 Mozambique 12.1 14.2 16.6 17.0 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.4 1.3 2.3 Niger 5.6 7.7 9.7 10.0 10.4 10.7 11.1 11.4 3.1 3.4 Oman 1.1 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 4.3 2.5 Pakistan 82.7 108.0 128.5 131.6 134.8 138.1 141.5 144.9 2.6 2.4 Palestine.. 2.0 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2.. 4.2 Qatar 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 5.5 2.3 Saudi Arabia 9.4 15.8 19.2 19.7 20.2 20.7 21.3 21.9 4.6 2.6 Senegal 5.5 7.3 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.5 9.8 10.0 2.8 2.6 Sierra-Leone 3.2 4.0 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 2.2 2.2 Somalia 6.5 7.2 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.7 9.0 9.3 1.4 2.0 Sudan 19.4 24.9 29.5 30.2 30.8 31.4 32.1 32.8 2.3 2.3 Suriname 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 Syria 8.7 12.1 15.0 15.4 15.8 16.2 16.6 17.0 3.2 2.7 Tajikistan 4.0 5.3 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 2.8 1.2 Togo 2.5 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 3.0 2.8 Tunisia 6.4 8.2 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 2.3 1.4 Turkey 44.5 56.2 64.0 65.2 66.3 67.4 68.5 69.6 2.2 1.7 Turkmenistan 2.9 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 2.6 2.0 Uganda 12.8 17.4 21.4 21.9 22.6 23.3 23.9 24.6 3.4 2.7 United Arab Emirates 1.0 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 5.4 4.1 Uzbekistan 16.0 20.5 23.7 24.1 24.4 24.7 25.0 25.3 2.4 1.6 Yemen Republic 8.5 11.9 16.1 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.6 4.2 2.9 IDB Countries 732.8 940.4 1,089.4 1,110.8 1,132.2 1,153.6 1,175.4 1,197.7 2.4 2.0 Memo: OIC Countries 804.7 1,037.3 1,207.8 1,232.4 1,256.9 1,281.3 1,306.1 1,331.3 2.5 2.0 Least Developed Countries 402.4 519.4 615.7 630.0 644.0 657.7 672.7 687.7 2.6 2.3 Developing Countries 3,599.8 4,365.1 4,885.4 4,957.6 5,029.1 5,097.5 5,166.9 5,232.5 1.9 1.5 High Income Countries 830.2 887.7 934.6 940.8 947.2 953.9 960.2 966.2 0.7 0.7 World 4,430.1 5,252.8 5,820.0 5,898.3 5,976.3 6,051.4 6,127.1 6,198.7 1.7 1.3 9
Table 1.2: Population Structure Gender Structure Population age composition Dependency ratios* Male Female 0-14 yrs 15-64 yrs 65+ yrs Young Old Total % % (%) (%) (%) Country 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 Afghanistan 51.0 49.0 43.9 53.4 2.8 82.2 5.3 87.4 Albania 51.1 48.9 28.0 64.9 7.1 43.1 10.9 54.0 Algeria 50.6 49.4 34.7 61.5 4.0 56.4 6.5 62.9 Azerbaijan 49.1 50.9 27.6 64.7 7.3 42.6 11.3 53.9 Bahrain 55.0 45.0 27.4 69.8 2.4 39.2 3.5 42.7 Bangladesh 50.3 49.7 36.2 60.4 3.3 59.9 5.5 65.4 Benin 49.3 50.7 45.4 51.8 2.7 87.5 5.2 92.7 Brunei 52.6 47.4 31.1 65.5 2.8 47.4 4.3 51.7 Burkina Faso 49.6 50.4 46.9 50.2 2.7 93.5 5.3 98.8 Cameroon 50.0 50.0 41.2 54.8 3.7 75.2 6.7 81.9 Chad 49.5 50.5 48.7 48.1 2.9 101.2 6.0 107.2 Comoros 49.8 50.2 42.7 54.6 2.6 78.1 4.7 82.8 Cote d'ivoire 50.8 49.2 41.6 55.4 2.6 75.1 4.6 79.8 Djibouti 47.4 52.6 42.7 53.5 2.9 79.8 5.4 85.2 Egypt 50.9 49.1 34.0 61.5 4.2 55.3 6.9 62.2 Gabon 49.6 50.4 40.3 54.0 5.6 74.6 10.3 84.9 Gambia 49.5 50.5 40.0 55.8 3.2 71.7 5.8 77.5 Guinea 50.3 49.7 43.9 53.4 2.6 82.3 4.8 87.1 Guinea-Bissau 49.4 50.6 44.2 52.4 3.5 84.4 6.7 91.2 Indonesia 49.9 50.1 29.8 65.4 4.8 45.6 7.3 52.9 Iran 50.2 49.8 30.5 63.9 4.7 47.8 7.4 55.2 Iraq 50.8 49.2 40.2 57.0 3.0 70.5 5.3 75.8 Jordan 51.7 48.3 37.6 58.8 3.1 64.0 5.3 69.3 Kazakhstan 48.4 51.6 25.6 67.7 7.8 37.8 11.6 49.4 Kuwait 53.3 46.7 24.9 72.4 1.7 34.3 2.4 36.7 Kyrgyz Republic 48.9 51.1 32.5 61.4 6.1 53.0 9.9 62.8 Lebanon 49.2 50.8 30.8 63.2 5.9 48.8 9.3 58.1 Libya 51.7 48.3 33.0 63.5 3.6 52.0 5.6 57.7 Malaysia 50.6 49.4 33.2 62.0 4.3 53.5 6.9 60.4 Maldives 50.7 49.3 40.1 55.7 3.8 71.9 6.9 78.8 Mali 49.1 50.9 47.2 50.0 2.9 94.4 5.8 100.1 Mauritania 49.6 50.4 42.8 53.4 3.1 80.2 5.9 86.1 Morocco 50.0 50.0 33.5 62.2 4.3 53.8 6.9 60.7 Mozambique 48.6 51.4 42.4 53.6 3.6 79.1 6.8 85.9 Niger 49.4 50.6 48.7 48.6 2.3 100.3 4.8 105.0 Oman 52.6 47.4 42.0 54.8 2.6 76.7 4.8 81.5 Pakistan 51.7 48.3 40.6 56.0 3.3 72.5 5.9 78.4 Palestine 50.7 49.3 45.6 50.7 3.2 90.0 6.3 96.3 Qatar 64.2 35.8 24.9 72.3 2.8 34.5 3.9 38.3 Saudi Arabia 54.1 45.9 40.6 56.8 2.9 71.4 5.1 76.5 Senegal 49.8 50.2 43.2 52.3 2.6 82.6 5.0 87.6 Sierra-Leone 49.1 50.9 44.0 53.2 2.6 82.6 4.8 87.5 Somalia 49.6 50.4 47.8 49.7 2.4 96.2 4.8 101.0 Sudan 50.3 49.7 39.8 56.9 3.5 70.0 6.2 76.2 Suriname 49.6 50.4 29.3 65.4 5.3 44.9 8.1 53.0 Syria 50.5 49.5 38.9 57.7 3.1 67.5 5.4 72.9 Tajikistan 49.9 50.1 37.5 57.9 4.5 64.9 7.9 72.7 Togo 49.7 50.3 43.5 53.2 3.2 81.8 5.9 87.7 Tunisia 50.5 49.5 28.2 65.8 6.0 42.8 9.1 51.9 Turkey 50.5 49.5 28.3 65.6 5.8 43.1 8.9 52.0 Turkmenistan 49.5 50.5 34.5 60.7 4.4 56.9 7.3 64.2 Uganda 50.0 50.0 48.9 48.9 1.9 99.9 3.9 103.8 United Arab Emirates 65.6 34.4 23.4 65.6 2.6 35.6 4.0 39.6 Uzbekistan 49.7 50.3 35.5 60.1 4.6 59.1 7.7 66.8 Yemen Republic 51.0 49.0 45.7 51.5 2.7 88.7 5.2 93.9 IDB Countries 50.5 49.5 36.1 59.8 4.0 60.3 6.6 67.0 Memo: OIC Countries 50.4 49.6 36.8 59.2 3.8 62.2 6.5 68.7 LDCs 49.9 50.1 42.3 54.6 3.1 77.4 5.6 83.1 Developing Countries 50.6 49.4 31.2 63.1 5.7 49.4 9.1 58.5 High Income Countries 49.4 50.6 18.3 67.3 14.4 27.2 21.4 48.6 World 50.4 49.6 29.2 63.7 7.1 45.8 11.1 56.9 *dependents as proportion of working age population 10
Table 1.3: Vital Statistics Population Density Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Total Fertility Rate (person/square km) (per 1,000 persons) (per 1,000 persons) (birth per woman) Country 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 Afghanistan 27 41 43 49 48 49 22 21 21 7 7 7 Albania 120 114 115 25 17 17 6 5 6 3 2 2 Algeria 11 13 13 31 24 22 7 5 5 4 3 3 Azerbaijan.. 93 94 26 15 16 6 6 7 3 2 2 Bahrain 729 944 983 27 20 21 5 3 4 4 3 2 Bangladesh 845 1,007 1,042 33 28 28 12 9 8 4 3 3 Benin 43 56 59 45 39 38 15 13 13 7 6 5 Brunei 49 64 67 26 22 19 4 3 3 3 3 2 Burkina Faso 32 41 43 47 44 43 18 19 19 7 7 6 Cameroon 25 32 34 41 37 36 13 14 16 6 5 5 Chad 5 6 7 47 45 45 19 16 16 7 6 6 Comoros 194 250 263 40 33 32 12 8 8 6 4 4 Cote d'ivoire 37 50 52 42 37 37 15 17 17 6 5 5 Djibouti 21 29 30 40 37 36 17 18 20 6 5 5 Egypt 53 64 67 31 25 24 9 6 6 4 3 3 Gabon 4 5 5 36 36 35 16 16 15 5 4 4 Gambia 93 131 139 45 39 37 20 14 14 6 5 5 Guinea 23 30 32 46 39 38 20 17 17 6 5 5 Guinea-Bissau 36 49 51 50 49 49 22 20 20 7 7 7 Indonesia 98 114 117 25 22 20 9 7 7 3 2 2 Iran 33 39 40 31 20 18 7 6 6 5 2 2 Iraq 41 53 55 38 31 29 9 9 8 6 4 4 Jordan 36 55 58 36 29 28 6 4 4 5 4 4 Kazakhstan.. 6 6 22 15 15 8 10 12 3 2 2 Kuwait 119 123 131 25 20 20 2 2 3 3 3 3 Kyrgyz Republic.. 26 26 29 20 20 7 7 7 4 3 2 Lebanon 355 423 434 28 20 19 8 6 6 3 2 2 Libya 2 3 3 30 27 27 5 5 4 5 4 3 Malaysia 55 71 74 29 25 22 5 4 5 4 3 3 Maldives 710 913 957 39 31 29 9 7 7 6 4 4 Mali 7 9 9 51 47 48 19 21 22 7 6 6 Mauritania 2 3 3 44 37 35 16 15 15 6 5 5 Morocco 54 64 66 31 22 21 8 6 6 4 3 3 Mozambique 18 23 24 45 40 40 19 20 21 6 5 5 Niger 6 8 9 56 50 49 23 20 20 8 7 7 Oman 5 8 8 44 28 26 5 3 3 7 4 4 Pakistan 140 179 188 41 34 33 13 8 8 6 5 5 Palestine........ 38 35.. 4 4.. 5 5 Qatar 44 53 55 25 14 14 4 3 4 4 3 2 Saudi Arabia 7 10 10 36 33 31 5 4 4 7 5 5 Senegal 38 49 52 43 37 35 16 13 13 6 5 5 Sierra-Leone 56 70 73 49 45 44 29 25 25 7 6 6 Somalia 11 14 15 52 51 50 23 18 18 7 7 7 Sudan 10 13 14 38 34 33 14 11 10 5 5 4 Suriname 3 3 3 29 23 21 7 7 6 3 2 2 Syria 66 88 92 37 29 29 6 5 4 5 4 3 Tajikistan.. 44 45 39 19 23 6 5 7 5 3 3 Togo 64 84 88 43 38 36 15 15 15 7 5 5 Tunisia 52 62 63 25 17 18 6 6 6 3 2 2 Turkey 73 88 90 25 21 22 7 6 7 3 2 2 Turkmenistan.. 10 10 34 22 22 7 7 8 4 2 3 Uganda 88 118 125 50 46 44 18 19 18 7 6 6 United Arab Emirates 22 34 38 24 17 17 3 3 4 4 3 3 Uzbekistan.. 60 61 34 22 20 6 6 6 4 3 2 Yemen Republic 22 33 35 47 40 41 14 11 10 8 6 6 IDB Countries 33 38 39 34 29 28 11 9 9 5 4 4 Memo: OIC Countries 35 40 42 35 30 29 11 10 10 5 4 4 LDCs 27 33 34 42 38 37 16 15 15 6 5 5 Developing Countries 57 51 53 28 23 22 9 9 9 3 3 3 High Income Countries 29 31 31 14 12 12 9 9 9 2 2 2 World 49 46 48 25 21 21 9 9 9 3 3 3 11
Table 1.4: Mortality Indicators Under-5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000 live births) Country 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 1985-2002 a Afghanistan 260 257 257 167 165 165 Albania 42 26 24 36 24 22 20 Algeria 69 50 49 42 50 39 140 Azerbaijan 106 97 96 84 78 76 25 Bahrain 19 16 16 15 13 13. Bangladesh 144 82 73 96 54 48 380 Benin 185 157 151 111 96 93 500 Brunei 11 7 6 10 6 6. Burkina Faso 210 207 207 118 107 107 480 Cameroon 139 166 166 85 95 95 430 Chad 203 200 200 118 118 117 830 Comoros 120 82 79 88 61 59. Cote d'ivoire 157 188 191 103 115 116 600 Djibouti 175 146 143 119 102 100. Egypt 104 45 39 76 38 33 84 Gabon 96 87 85 69 64 63 520 Gambia 154 128 126 103 92 91 Guinea 240 175 165 145 112 106 530 Guinea-Bissau 253 215 211 153 132 130 910 Indonesia 91 48 43 60 35 32 380 Iran 72 44 41 54 36 34 37 Iraq 50 125 125 40 102 102 290 Jordan 43 34 33 35 28 27 41 Kazakhstan 52 98 99 41 71 76 50 Kuwait 16 10 10 14 9 9 5 Kyrgyz Republic 83 63 61 69 53 52 44 Lebanon 37 32 32 32 28 28 100 Libya 42 20 19 34 17 16 77 Malaysia 21 9 8 16 8 8 30 Maldives 115 80 77 80 59 58. Mali 250 224 222 140 124 122 580 Mauritania 183 183 183 120 120 120 750 Morocco 85 46 43 66 41 39 230 Mozambique 240 208 205 150 130 128 1100 Niger 320 270 264 191 159 155 590 Oman 30 14 13 25 12 11 23 Pakistan 138 108 101 96 81 76 530 Palestine............. Qatar 25 16 16 19 12 11. Saudi Arabia 44 29 28 34 24 23. Senegal 148 139 138 90 80 79 560 Sierra-Leone 302 286 284 175 167 165 1800 Somalia 225 225 225 133 133 133. Sudan 120 97 94 74 65 64 550 Suriname 44 33 40 35 27 31. Syria 44 29 28 37 24 23 110 Tajikistan 127 117 116 98 92 90 45 Togo 152 142 140 94 88 87 480 Tunisia 52 28 26 41 22 21 69 Turkey 78 45 41 64 38 35 130 Turkmenistan 98 88 86 78 71 70 9 Uganda 160 145 141 93 85 83 3 United Arab Emirates 14 9 9 12 8 8 510 Uzbekistan 65 66 65 55 55 55 34 Yemen Republic 142 117 114 98 84 83 350 IDB Member Countries 114 87 83 77 61 58.. Memo: OIC Countries 125 99 95 80 65 62.. LDCs 183 162 159 115 102 100.. Developing Countries 103 90 88 69 62 60.. High Income Countries 9 7 7 8 6 5.. World 95 83 81 64 57 55.. a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified 12
Table 1.5 : Education Indicators Adult IIliteracy Rate (%) Primary School Enrollment Secondary School Enrollment (% gross) (% gross) Country 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 Afghanistan...... 27 15 23 9.. 12 Albania 23 15.. 100 107.. 78 78.. Algeria 47 33 31 100 107 108 61 68 72 Azerbaijan...... 114 93 93 90 80 80 Bahrain 18 12 12 110 98 98 100 95 95 Bangladesh 66 60 59 72 99 98 19 46 47 Benin 74 63 60 58 97 104 12.. 26 Brunei 14.... 115 109 106 69 87 88 Burkina Faso 84.... 33 44 44 7 10.. Cameroon 42 29.. 101 106 107 28.. 33 Chad 72 57 54 54 73 73 8.... Comoros 46 44 44 75 86 90 18.. 28 Cote d'ivoire 61.... 67 78 80 22.... Djibouti...... 38 40 40 12 18 20 Egypt 53.... 94 97.. 76 85.. Gabon........ 129 134.. 50 51 Gambia...... 64 79 79 19 34 34 Guinea...... 37 67 77 10.... Guinea-Bissau...... 56.... 9.... Indonesia 20 13 12 115 110 111 44 57 58 Iran 37 24.. 112 93 92 55 82 81 Iraq...... 111.... 47.... Jordan 18 10 9 71.. 99 45.. 86 Kazakhstan 1 1 1 87 97 99 98 89 89 Kuwait 23 18 17 60 94 94 43 88 85 Kyrgyz Republic...... 111 101 102 100 86 85 Lebanon...... 120 102 103 73 76 77 Libya 32 20 18 105 115 114 86.. 105 Malaysia 19 11.. 94 97 95 56 69 70 Maldives 5 3 3 134 131 125 50 55 66 Mali 81 81.. 26 54 57 7.... Mauritania 65 60 59 49 85 86 14 22 22 Morocco 61 51 49 67 101 107 35 41.. Mozambique 67 56 54 67 91 99 8 12 13 Niger 89 84 83 29 36 40 7 6 6 Oman 45 28 26 86 84 83 46 76 79 Pakistan 65.... 61 73.. 23.... Palestine.................. Qatar 23.... 97 106 106 81 89 90 Saudi Arabia 34 24 22 73 68 67 44 69 69 Senegal 72 63 61 59 74 75 16 17 19 Sierra-Leone...... 50 79.. 17.... Somalia...... 11.... 6.... Sudan 54 42 40 53 58 59 24 32 32 Suriname........ 127 126.. 87 74 Syria 35 26 17 108 109 112 52 43 45 Tajikistan 2 1.. 91 104 107 102 79 82 Togo 56 43 40 109 123 124 24.... Tunisia 41 29 27 113 113 112 45 78 79 Turkey 22 14.. 99 92 94 47 73 76 Turkmenistan...... 91.... 107.... Uganda 44 33 31 71 134 136 13.... United Arab Emirates 29 24 23 104 91 92 67 80 79 Uzbekistan 1 1 1 81.. 103 99.. 99 Yemen Republic 67 54 51 58 79 81 58 46.. IDB MCs 43 31 32 85 91 95 41 59 58 Memo: OIC Countries 44 32 32 86 91 95 39 59 58 LDCs 62 48 46 67 82 84 18 30.. Developing Countries 32 22.. 102 103.. 47 63.. High Income Countries...... 103 102.. 94 106.. World 30 21.. 102 103.. 55 70.. 13
Table 1.6: Health Indicators Life Expectancy Population with access to Physicians Hospital beds at birth Safe Water Sanitation Drugs Per 1,000 Per 1,000 (Year) (%) (%) (%) People People Country 1990 2002 2000 2000 1999 1990 1997-2002 1990 1997-2002 Afghanistan 42 43 13 12.. 0.1 0.1 0.2.. Albania 72 74 97 91 50-79 1.4 1.4 4.0 3.3 Algeria 67 71 89 92 95-100 0.9 1.0 2.5 2.1 Azerbaijan 71 65 78 81 50-79 3.9 3.6 10.1 8.5 Bahrain 71 73.... 95-100.. 1.0.. 2.9 Bangladesh 55 62 97 48 50-79 0.2 0.2 0.3.. Benin 52 53 63 23 50-79 0.1 0.8.. Brunei 74 77.... 95-100...... Burkina Faso 45 43 42 29 50-79.. 0.0 0.3.. Cameroon 54 48 58 79 50-79 0.1 2.6.. Chad 46 48 27 29 0-49...... Comoros 56 61 96 98 80-94 0.1 0.1 2.8.. Cote d'ivoire 50 45 81 52 80-94 0.1.. 0.8.. Djibouti 48 44 100 91 80-94 0.2.. 2.5.. Egypt 63 69 97 98 80-94 0.8 1.6 2.1 2.1 Gabon 52 53 86 53 0-49.... 3.2 Gambia 49 53 62 37 80-94.. 0.0 0.6 Guinea 44 46 48 58 80-94 0.1.. 0.6 Guinea-Bissau 42 45 56 56 0-49.... 1.5 Indonesia 62 67 78 55 80-94 0.1.. 0.7 Iran 65 69 92 83 80-94.... 1.4 Iraq 61 63 85 79.. 0.6 0.6 1.7 1.5 Jordan 68 72 96 99 95-100.. 1.7 1.8 1.8 Kazakhstan 68 62 91 99 50-79 4.0 3.6 13.7 7.0 Kuwait 75 77.... 95-100 0.2 1.9.. 2.8 Kyrgyz Republic 68 65 77 100 50-79 3.4 2.6 12.0 5.5 Lebanon 68 71 100 99 80-94.. 2.1 1.7 2.7 Libya 68 72 72 97 95-100 1.1 1.3 4.2 4.3 Malaysia 71 73.... 50-79 0.4 0.7 2.1.. Maldives 62 69 100 56 50-79 0.1.. 0.8.. Mali 45 41 65 69 50-79 0.1.... 0.2 Mauritania 49 51 37 33 50-79 0.1.. 0.7 Morocco 63 68 80 68 50-79.. 0.5 1.3 1.0 Mozambique 43 41 57 43 50-79.... 0.9 Niger 42 46 59 20 50-79 0.0 0.0.. 0.1 Oman 69 74 39 92 80-94 0.6 1.3 2.1 2.2 Pakistan 59 64 90 62 50-79 0.5 0.6 0.6 Palestine.. 73........ 0.5.. Qatar 72 75.... 95-100 1.5 1.3.. 1.7 Saudi Arabia 69 73 95 100 95-100 1.4 1.7 2.5 2.3 Senegal 50 52 78 70 50-79 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 Sierra-Leone 35 37 57 66 0-49...... Somalia 42 47........ 0.0 0.8 Sudan 52 58 75 62 0-49.... 1.1 Suriname 69 70 82 93 95-100 0.8.. 5.7 Syria 66 70 80 90 80-94 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.4 Tajikistan 69 67 60 90 0-49 2.6 2.1 10.7 6.4 Togo 50 50 54 34 50-79.... 1.5 Tunisia 70 73 80 84 50-79 0.5 0.7 1.9 1.7 Turkey 66 70 82 90 95-100 0.9 1.3 2.1 2.6 Turkmenistan 66 65.... 50-79 3.6 3.0 11.5 7.1 Uganda 47 43 52 79 50-79...... United Arab Emirates 74 75.... 95-100 0.8 1.8 2.6 Uzbekistan 69 67 85 89 3.4 2.9 12.5 5.3 Yemen Republic 52 57 69 38 50-79 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.6 IDB Countries 60 63 81 66.. 0.6.. 1.8.. Memo: OIC Countries 59 61 79 65.. 0.6.. 1.8.. LDCs 50 51 62 44...... 0.7.. Developing Coun 63 65 79 52.. 1.4.. 3.1.. High Income Coun. 76 78...... 2.4.. 7.9.. World 65 67 81 56.. 1.6.. 4.0.. 14
Table 1.7: Health Expenditures Total Health Public Expenditure Private Expenditure Health Expenditure Expenditure on Health on Health per capita (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (US$) Country 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 1990 2000 2001 Afghanistan.. 5.0 5.2.. 2.7 2.7.. 2.3 2.5.. 9 8 Albania 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.4 2.4 2.4 0.6 1.4 1.3.. 46 48 Algeria 4.2 3.8 4.1 3.0 2.7 3.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 103 68 73 Azerbaijan 3.3 0.9 0.9 2.7 0.7.. 0.6 0.2.... 8.. Bahrain 7.0 4.1 4.1.. 2.8 2.9.. 1.3 1.3 554 484 500 Bangladesh 2.8 3.6 3.5 0.7 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 7 13 12 Benin 2.8 4.2 4.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.2 2.4 2.4 11 15 16 Brunei.. 3.1 3.1 1.6 2.5 2.5.. 0.6 0.6.. 479 453 Burkina Faso 4.1.... 1.0 1.8 2.0 3.2.... 13.... Cameroon 1.7 3.1 3.3 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 2.1 2.1 18 19 20 Chad.. 3.1 2.6.. 2.4 2.0.. 0.7 0.6.. 5 5 Comoros.. 3.1 3.1 2.9 1.8 1.9.. 1.2 1.2.. 9 9 Cote d'ivoire 3.1 6.2 6.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.7 5.2 5.2 29 42 41 Djibouti.. 7.1 7.0.. 4.1 4.1.. 3.0 2.9.. 58 58 Egypt 4.3 3.8 3.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.1 2.0 51 52 46 Gabon 2.9 3.3 3.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.6 1.9 185 130 127 Gambia 4.8 6.3 6.4 2.2 2.9 3.2 2.6 3.3 3.3 17 20 19 Guinea 3.4 3.4 3.5 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 17 13 13 Guinea-Bissau.. 6.1 5.9 1.1 3.4 3.2.. 2.7 2.7.. 10 8 Indonesia 1.6 2.7 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.1 2.1 1.8 10 20 16 Iran 4.2 6.4 6.6 1.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.8 3.8 410 312 363 Iraq 5.6 3.3 3.2 3.8 1.0 1.0 1.8 2.3 2.2.. 214 225 Jordan 6.9 9.4 9.5 3.6 3.8 4.5 3.4 5.6 5.0 88 154 163 Kazakhstan.. 3.3 3.1 3.2 2.1 1.9.. 1.2 1.2.. 39 44 Kuwait.. 3.5 4.3 4.0 2.7 3.5.. 0.7 0.8.. 553 630 Kyrgyz Republic 5.8 4.2 4.0 4.7 2.0 1.9 1.2 2.2 2.1.. 12 12 Lebanon........................ Libya.. 2.8 2.9.. 1.5 1.6.. 1.4 1.3.. 175 143 Malaysia 2.5 3.3 3.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.8 59 129 143 Maldives 5.9 6.9 6.7 3.6 5.8 5.6 2.3 1.1 1.1 55 104 98 Mali 3.2 4.7 4.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.9 2.6 9 10 11 Mauritania.. 3.7 3.6.. 2.7 2.6 4.4 1.0 1.0.. 13 12 Morocco 2.5 4.7 5.1 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.6 3.1 3.1 27 54 59 Mozambique 4.7 5.7 5.9 3.6 3.8 4.0 1.1 1.9 1.9 8 12 11 Niger.. 3.6 3.7.. 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.2.. 6 6 Oman.. 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.4.. 0.6 0.6.. 230 225 Pakistan 4.4 4.1 3.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 16 18 16 Palestine........................ Qatar.. 2.8 3.1.. 2.1 2.2.. 0.7 0.8.. 860 885 Saudi Arabia.. 4.4 4.6.. 3.3 3.4.. 1.1 1.2.. 376 375 Senegal 2.6 4.6 4.8 0.7 2.6 2.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 21 22 22 Sierra-Leone.. 4.3 4.3.. 2.6 2.6 4.2 1.7 1.7.. 6 7 Somalia.. 2.6 2.6.. 1.2 1.2.. 1.5 1.5.. 6 6 Sudan 2.4 3.9 3.5 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.7 2.8 2.8 345 14 14 Suriname 5.9 9.9 9.4 3.5 6.3 5.7 2.4 3.6 3.8 255 186 153 Syria 2.1 5.4 5.4 0.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 3.2 3.0 42 64 65 Tajikistan 5.4 2.4 2.3 4.9 0.9 1.0 0.5 2.2 2.4.. 5 6 Togo 2.8 3.0 2.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 13 8 8 Tunisia 5.6 6.2 6.4 3.0 4.6 4.9 2.5 1.6 1.6 84 126 134 Turkey 3.6 6.9.. 2.2 4.4.. 1.4 2.5.. 98 202.. Turkmenistan 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.0 3.0 0.7 1.0 1.1.. 42 57 Uganda.. 5.6 5.9.. 3.1 3.4 1.8 2.5 2.5.. 14 14 United Arab Emirates 7.7 3.5 3.5 0.8 2.7 2.6 6.9 0.8 0.8 1418 821 849 Uzbekistan 5.2 3.7 3.6 4.6 2.8 2.7 0.6 0.9 0.9.. 21 17 Yemen Republic 2.5 4.0 4.5 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 2.6 3.0.. 19 20 IDB MCs 3.2 4.4 4.2 1.5 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 71 69 64 Memo: OIC Countries 3.7 4.4 4.1 1.8 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 64 64 59 LDCs 3.0 4.2 4.3 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 32 23 25 Developing Coun 4.8 5.7 5.8 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 43 72 72 High Income Coun. 8.7 10.2 10.8 5.2 6.0 6.3 3.5 4.2 4.4 1,742 2,751 2,841 World 8.1 9.3 9.8 4.7 5.4 5.6 3.4 3.9 4.2 359 482 500 15
Table 1.8: Poverty and Human Development Indicators Population below the Population Human UNDP Human national poverty line below Poverty Index Gini c Development (%) a $1 a day $2 a day (HPI) b Index Index Survey (%) (Latest (HDI) Country Year Total Urban Rural % % 2001 Rank Year) 2001 Rank Afghanistan.................... Albania...... <2 11.8...... 0.735 95 Algeria 1998 12.2 7.3 16.6 <2 15.1 22.6 42 35.3 0.704 107 Azerbaijan 2001 49.6.... 3.7 9.1.... 36.5 0.744 89 Bahrain...... 0.839 37 Bangladesh 2000 49.8 36.6 53.0 36.0 82.8 42.6 72 31.8 0.502 139 Benin.......... 46.4 81.. 0.411 159 Brunei...... 0.872 31 Burkina Faso 1998 45.3 16.5 51.0 44.9 81.0 58.6 93 48.2 0.330 173 Cameroon 2001 40.2 22.1 49.9 17.1 50.6 35.9 58 47.7 0.499 142 Chad.......... 50.3 88.. 0.376 165 Comoros 31.5 48.. 0.528 134 Cote d'ivoire 15.5 50.4 45.0 78 36.7 0.396 161 Djibouti.......... 34.3 55.. 0.462 153 Egypt 1999 2000 16.7.... 3.1 43.9 30.5 47 34.4 0.648 120 Gabon................ 0.653 118 Gambia 1998.. 48.0 61.0 59.3 82.9 45.8 79 47.8 0.463 151 Guinea.............. 40.3 0.425 157 Guinea-Bissau.......... 47.8 84 47.0 0.373 166 Indonesia 1999 27.1 7.5 52.4 17.9 33 30.3 0.682 112 Iran...... <2 7.3 16.4 31 43.0 0.719 106 Iraq.................. Jordan 1997 11.7.... <2 7.4 7.5 7 36.4 0.743 90 Kazakhstan...... <2 8.5.... 31.2 0.765 76 Kuwait................ 0.820 46 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 64.1 49.0 69.7 <2 27.2.... 29.0 0.727 102 Lebanon.......... 9.5 15.. 0.752 83 Libya.......... 15.7 29.. 0.783 61 Malaysia...... <2 9.3.... 49.2 0.790 58 Maldives 11.4 20.. 0.751 86 Mali...... 72.8 90.6 55.1 91 50.5 0.337 172 Mauritania 2000 46.3 25.4 61.2 25.9 63.1 48.6 86 37.3 0.454 154 Morocco 1998 99 19.0 12.0 27.2 <2 14.3 35.2 56 39.5 0.606 126 Mozambique...... 37.9 78.4 50.3 87 39.6 0.356 170 Niger...... 61.4 85.3 61.8 94 50.5 0.292 174 Oman.......... 31.8 50.. 0.755 79 Pakistan 1998 99 32.6 24.2 35.9 13.4 65.6 40.2 65 33.0 0.499 144 Palestine................ 0.731 98 Qatar...... 0.826 44 Saudi Arabia.......... 16.3 30.. 0.769 73 Senegal...... 26.3 67.8 44.5 76 41.3 0.430 156 Sierra-Leone...... 57.0 74.5.... 62.9 0.275 175 Somalia.................... Sudan.......... 32.2 52.. 0.503 138 Suriname...... 0.762 77 Syria.......... 18.8 35.. 0.685 110 Tajikistan...... 10.3 50.8.... 34.7 0.677 113 Togo.......... 38.5 64.. 0.501 141 Tunisia 1995 7.6 3.6 13.9 <2 6.6 19.9 37 41.7 0.740 91 Turkey...... <2 10.3 12.4 22 40.0 0.734 96 Turkmenistan...... 12.1 44.0.... 40.8 0.748 87 Uganda 1997 44.0........ 36.6 60 37.4 0.489 147 U.A.E................ 0.816 48 Uzbekistan...... 21.8 77.5 Yemen Rep....... 15.7 45.2 41.0 67 33.4 0.470 148 IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- 29.8 -- -- 0.580 -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- 29.2 -- -- 0.582 -- LDCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.448 -- Developing Coun. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.655 -- High Income Coun. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.927 -- World -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.722 -- a Refers to headcount ratio or proportion of the household (population) falling below the poverty line to total household (population) b Measures the extent of deprivation, the proportion of people in the community who are left out of progress. c A value of zero implies perfect equality while a value of 100 implies perfect inequality. 16