Status of U.S. Electric Drive Energy Learning Network Webinar United States Department of Energy March, 2011 Vehicle Technologies Program Linda Bluestein
We are Highly Dependent on Oil Natural Gas 3% Natural gas 3% Biofuel s 3% Biomass 3% Transportation is responsible for 2/3 of our petroleum usage Petroleum 94% Petrole um 94% U.S. Transportation Fuel Share (2009) On-Road vehicles responsible for ~80% of transportation petroleum usage
New Oil Reserves are Harder to Find Global discovery of new oil fields peaked in 1966. U.S. oil production peaked in 1971. World oil production has hardly grown at all since 2005. Source: Jeff Rubin, Why the World is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller World Oil Production 2005: 84.58 mbpd 2006: 84.54 mbpd 2007: 84.40 mbpd 2008: 85.37 mbpd 2009: 84.24 mbpd 2010: 87.3 mbpd The Cost of Oil is More than Monetary
Realizing Benefits of Vehicle Technology Takes Time Vehicle Technology Penetration Years After Initial Significant Use U.S. Vehicle Market > 240 Million vehicles on the road Approximately 11.5M new cars & light trucks for 2010; average is 15.7 M/yr 2002-2007 Hybrid vehicles <3% of sales Very Important to Minimize Market Introduction Time
What s Different This Time? Early 1900s 1970s 1990s 2011 Answer: Urgency of Energy and Environmental Challenges Battery Technology CAFE standards post 2016
Vehicle Electrification: Grid Impacts Current grid capacity could supply about 70% of our vehicles without adding capacity, but assumes: vehicle would charge only during off-peak perfect distribution of electricity No localized affects such as overburdening neighborhood transformers EVs and PHEVs will not cause a grid meltdown, but we clearly need to work fast as vehicles are rolled out to reduce impacts Smart Charging will be key to lowering cost and minimizing impacts Time of day pricing also important
Build out of Charging Infrastructure Key Today: Home Charging Need to get the cost and installation process right. Currently a significant barrier Public Charging Expensive if not well utilized Expansive to fully cover full driving patterns Ideally need market pull to determine public infrastructure build out PHEV s are key to help initiate market pull for public infrastructure Public Workplace Retail Residential
Goal: 1 Million Electric Vehicles by 2015 With more research and incentives, we can break our dependence on oil with biofuels, and become the first country to have a million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 - President Barack Obama, 2011 State of the Union
Reaching 1 Million EVs by 2015 Charging Infrastructure ARRA Manufacturing Facilities Tax Incentives 1 Million EVs by 2015 Battery Cost Reduction 2016 CAFE Standards ATVM Loan Program
Recovery Act : $2.0 Billion Manufacturing Supporting Electric Drive $1.5 Billion in funding to accelerate the manufacturing and deployment of the next generation of U.S. batteries $500 Million in funding for electric-drive components manufacturing President Obama at Compact Power in Holland, MI Vice-President Biden at Dow- Kokam
Transportation Electrification: EVSE/Vehicle Demonstration Activities * * * tbd
Working with Cities to Install Infrastructure On January 26, 2011 Vice-President Biden announced a $200M program to help cities establish charging infrastructure: Establish a comprehensive infrastructure plan Encourage locally-based public and private sector collaboration Leverage federal resources Streamline building permit approval and installation procedures. Initial build-out of the infrastructure.
Training Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Training Program (EVITP) - National training and certification program for EV infrastructure - Curriculum and best practices for electrical contractors and electricians (Level 1 and 2) - Initial focus on 19 EV markets identified by OEMs: train 50 master trainers in Chicago (April 2011) - Electrician/inspector classes at community colleges/other training centers across country (Summer/Fall 2011) Underwriters Laboratories (UL) - Course for residential installers (December 2010), inspectors (~March 2011), online method to determine whether electrician has taken and passed installers course (expected to lead to hands-on ANSI training course (~June 2011) Utilities - EVSE training Vehicle OEMs - First responder vehicle training 13
Education/Outreach/Funding Clean Cities - Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center - AFDC.Energy.gov - Geo EVSE - Permitting examples - Quarterly Webinars: Codes and Standards; Permitting; Multi-Unit Dwellings; Results of ARRA projects including data analysis; Training options; Clean Cities Activities; planning and deployment; regulations; National Labs research and development; battery developments; other. - Training for Clean Cities coordinators at Clean Cities stakeholder summit with National Laboratories and industry partners - Advisory board for EVITP - Funding opportunities - Partnership opportunities with local Clean Cities Coalitions - Cleancities.Energy.gov 14
Clean Cities Coalitions
State Roles / Best Practices Strong Leadership, visibility, support, and message Consumer focus is key: experience with EDVs largely determines overall success or failure Establish statewide PEV readiness effort with strong leader, connection, and authority Create centralized workgroup to pool efforts and resources while avoiding duplication Establish consistent message incorporating press coverage Start planning ASAP Prioritize infrastructure: residential home, business, then public charging 16
State Roles / Best Practices Consistent Policies, Standards, and Regulations across State Jurisdictions Always put Safety First Establish consistent, streamlined permitting, installing, and inspection processes across all state jurisdictions Standardize technical certification and training regimens Instill consumer confidence in emergency response procedures Engage educational institutions to prepare work force to deploy and service EDVs and infrastructure Involve electricians for education, training, and updating codes Regulations, codes, and standards may need revisions / adaptations for multi unit dwellings 17
State Roles / Best Practices Facilitate Partnerships Partnerships are key given diversity of entities/stakeholders involved Uniting all interested parties is a force multiplier Include all sectors: Government, utilities, business, and non profits Partner with public venues where people congregate: malls, hotels, airports Community level action is the biggest leverage point Prepare auto dealers to play important role in deployment 18
State Roles / Best Practices Incentives Synergistically combine State and Federal Incentives Target financial and non financial incentives with plans to phase out Financial incentives: EVSE at no cost, tax credits/deductions, emissions test exemption, metering options Non financial incentives: carpool, HOV lanes, preferred parking, streamlined permitting, training, and education Enable cost recovery for public charging or won t be sustainable Allow condo associations and apartment building operators to resell energy 19
Contact Information www.vehicles.energy.gov Linda Bluestein Office of Vehicle Technologies, DOE Clean Cities Linda.bluestein@ee.doe.gov (202) 586-6116