RDE - GOING VIRTUAL Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux (AVL) AVL List GmbH
CHALLENGE OF REAL DRIVING EMISSION Real Driving Emission will be mandatory as a part of the EURO 6c. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 2
POWERTRAIN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS UC-2: As usual development / calibration Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine testbed Type Approval In Service Compliance (Verification, Benchmark) Development Type Approval COP In-Service Compliance UC-3: Virtual Development HIL Front Loading Traffic Simulation on HIL or on test bed Chassis Dyno RDE Chassis Dyno RDE UC-1: Reproduction of RDE tests Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine test bed Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 3
FRONTLOADING OF THE RDE VALIDATION WITH MODEL BASED TESTING METHODS Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 4
REAL WORLD EMISSIONS IN THE LAB Mounting and Validation Street Test Data Transfer to Dyno Re-Run on Dyno Re-Run on Dyno Reporting Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 5
ROAD2RIG RDE READY CD RDE driver s aid Data management Road importer RDE automation package RDE simulation platform Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 6
ROAD TEST WITH PEMS PRETEST Calibration (ecal) Leak check MAIN TEST Remote monitor POST TEST Audit check Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 7
CHASSIS DYNO TEST WITH IGEM VEHICLE Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 8
D.A.M.S. D.A.M.S. AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 1 PND 1 PND CORRELATION: WLTP CVS + AMA + PSS + APC Automation PEMS Chassis Dyno In-Lab Correlation PEMS to CVS-Bag Correlation CO2 467 g/mi -.4 % 468.86 g/mi NOx.44 g/mi -9.97 %.48 g/mi CO 1.116 g/mi +.59 % 1.11 g/mi FE 18.99 mpg +2.47 % 18.52 mpg Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 9
D.A.M.S. D.A.M.S. AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 1 PND 1 PND CORRELATION: ROAD-2-LAB CVS + AMA + PSS + APC Automation PEMS Chassis Dyno Road In-Lab Correlation PEMS to CVS-Bag Correlation Road to Lab Correlation with PEMS to PEMS Over all correlation CO2 476.1 g/mi -4.7 % 453.6 g/mi +.8 % 457.3 g/mi -4. % NOx.55 g/mi -13.5 %.479 g/mi +. %.478 g/mi -13.5 % CO 1.117 g/mi +.3 % 1.12 g/mi +23.3 % 1.38 g/mi +23.3 % FE 18.63 mpg +2.6 % 19.11 mpg -.8% 18.97 mpg +.8% Road to Lab Correlation Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 1
ROAD VS TEST CELL Vehicle speed engine speed Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 11
DISTANCE DISTANCE [mi] 18.5 18. 17.5 17. 16.5 16. 15.5 15. 14.5 8 7 6 recorder_time ms 215126.25 V_A CT mi/h.164 Veloc ity _Sy scomp_dy no mi/h.224 Velocity (Raw ) mi/h. Velocity (Raw ) mi/h. DIS TA NCE mi 17.365 Cum. Trip Distanc e mi 17.27 CD Road V_ACT [mi/h] 5 4 3 2 Diff.158 miles Almost 1% 1 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 recorder_time [ms] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 12
DIFFERENCE IN CO FROM THE ROAD TO LAB Time s 2158.18 CO(Raw ) pp m 33. CO(Raw ) pp m 9.461 Velocity GPS mi/h. Veloc ity mi/h. m_ CO g 23.84 m_ CO g 19.268 m_co [g] 25 2 15 1 CD Road CO(Raw) [ppm] 5 25 2 15 1 5 8 6 4 2-2 Velocity GPS [mi/h] PEMS on Road and in Lab Difference in CO large spike at beginning of road test 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 Time [s] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 13
CO2- PEMS ROAD VS MODAL DILUTED CD Road 125 125 Velocity_SysComp_Dyno [km/h] 25, 1 75 5 25 6 5 4 3 2 1 OBD_Engine_RPM_(PID_12) [rpm] Velocity_SysComp_Dyno [km/h] 25, 1 75 5 25 22,5 2, 17,5 22,5 2, 17,5 MCO2 [g/s] 15, 12,5 1, MCO2 [g/s] 15, 12,5 1, 7,5 5, 2,5 7,5 5, 2,5, 25 5 75 1 125 15 175 2 Time [s], 1125 115 1175 12 1225 125 1275 Time [s] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 14
EXHAUST TEMPERATURE 4 Exhaust Temperature(Raw) [degc] 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 CD Road 16 14 12 V_ACT [km/h] 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 recorder_time [ms] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 15
SAME POLLUTANT EVENTS 125 Velocity_SysComp_Dyno [km/h] 1 75 5 25 6 5 4 3 2 1 OBD_Engine_RPM_(PID_12) [rpm],25,225,2,175,15 CD Road MNOx [g/s],125,1,35,3,75,5 NOx CO MCO [g/s],25,2,15,1,25,,5, -,5 17 175 18 185 19 195 2 25 21 215 22 Time [s] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 16
POWERTRAIN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS UC-2: As usual development / calibration Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine testbed Type Approval In Service Compliance (Verification, Benchmark) Development Type Approval COP In-Service Compliance UC-3: Virtual Development HIL Front Loading Traffic Simulation on HIL or on test bed Chassis Dyno RDE Chassis Dyno RDE UC-1: Reproduction of RDE tests Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine test bed Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 17
Vehicle Speed km/h Relative Engine Load - % CHALLENGE OF REAL DRIVING EMISSION 14 12 NEDC 2 18 16 RDE Dynamic Driver 1 14 8 6 12 1 8 4 2 6 4 2 NEDC Driving 2 4 6 8 1 1 Time- s 2 3 4 5 6 Engine Speed - rpm From exactly reproducible TESTCYCLES towards STATISTICAL PROBABILITY Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 18
WORLD EMISSION INFLUENCES Air Temperature Wind and Sidewind Predictive Energy Management Tire Pressure Vehicle Load Air Pressure And Humidity Road Gradient Predictive Energy Management Road Curvature Connected Driving Traffic Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Driving Style (aggressive, defensive, moderate) Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 19
RDE TESTING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS GRAZ Gleisdorf Temperature Moderate C to 3 C / Extended (-7 C to 35 C) Altitude Moderate < 7 m / Extended < 13m Trip / Driver / Dynamics City (34%) / Rural (33%) / Motorway (33%), up to 16 km/h, 9-12 min, min. share of accelerations ROAD Load no empty vehicle, heating or air condition on Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 2
FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING We are able to enrich the reality at test beds for quick variants! Vehicle Model Driver Model With styles Normal Defensive Eco Aggressive with variation of Air Resistance cwa Rolling resistance Rotating inertias Brake losses etc. Road / Environment Model With types Traffic Weather Wind Gradient Curvature Etc. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 21
RDE WORKFLOW Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 22
THE POWER TO EMPOWER THE PRODUCT-PROCESS-PEOPLE-CONTINUUM AVL INMOTION Situation Challenge Solution Benefits Empowering the 3Ps People Process Products The Triad. Copyright: Prof. Jens Wittenburg Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 23
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FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING RDE Road Measurement RDE Testing on Chassis Dyno RDE Testing and Calibration on ETB RDE Calibration on Virtual Test Bed Benefits Early problem detection is much cheaper to fix! Reproducible and accessible for problem solving Efficient check of vehicle variants Testing and calibration Same Results effort reduction Re-use of knowledge Same Models Same Tests Same Tools Same Data Storage Same Analysis Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 25
FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING RDE Road Measurement Automated Pre- Processing RDE Testing on Chassis Dyno Standardized RDE Analysis Steer.WhlAng [deg] Car.v [km/h] 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 35 3 25 2 15 1 5-5 -1-15 -2-25 -3-35 -4 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 46 Car.Distance [m] 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 46 Car.Distance [m] 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 35 3 25 2 15 1 5-5 -1-15 -2-25 -3-35 -4 m_dm.steer.ang [ ] m_car.v [km/h] Proceed as usual using AVL M.O.V.E Automated road and profile and vehicle model generation PEMS and CVS on the test bed. Drivers Aid or Robot. Parameter studies to get robustness RDE post processing as usual and track based evaluation Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 26
RDE USE CASES UC-2: RDE Reference Cycles RDE: Real driving emission test Development Type Approval COP In-Service Compliance UC-3: Virtual Integration Chassis Dyno RDE Chassis Dyno RDE UC-1: Reproduction and Analysis Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 27
RDE ON CHASSIS DYNO & ENGINE TESTBED AT TÜV SÜD AND TU DARMSTADT Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 28
Vehicle Speed - km/h Engine Speed - rpm Torque - Nm RDE TESTING AND ANALYSIS Graz 6 4 2 6 4 2 15 1 5 25 5 75 1 125 15 175 2 225 25 275 3 325 35 375 4 Time - s Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 29
CHALLENGE OF REAL DRIVING EMISSION Vehicles show significant differences between EURO 6 emission measurement and Real Driving Emissions. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 3
RDE TESTING AND ANALYSIS Application expertise are needed to setup data analysis rules and ontologies GASOLINE DIESEL Engine map (stationary) Enrichment Scavenging Cat space velocity EGR Injection Timing UREA Dosing Time CO EVENT- FINDER Transient effects Transient fuelling (metering / mixture formation) EGR transient control Air path NO x PN Event history Catalyst temperature Engine temperature Conditioning EAS (Loading, temperature) Engine temperature Relevance: Map Transients Event History Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 31
Velocity - km/h Torque - Nm Altitude - m NOx - ppm NOx - ppm RDE TESTING AND ANALYSIS NOx Peaks with Acceleration & Purging NOx 15 1 5 NOx Peak after downhill drive cooled down EAS NOx 8 6 4 2 Velocity - km/h Torque - Nm Throttle - % 1 5 3 2 1-1 15 1 5 Torque 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Time [s] 1 5 4 2 Engine Speed - rpm Pedal - % 65 55 45 35 3 2 Altitude Torque 1-1 15 1 5 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 Time - s 1 5 4 2 Engine Speed - rpm Pedal - % Relevance: Map Transients Event History Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 32
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