Bangladesh University of Professionals From the SelectedWorks of Afshana Morshed December 28, 2017 Launching automated rotary parking system: Towards traffic congestion free Dhaka city Mohummad Shariful Islam, Military Institute of Science and Technology Afshana Morshed, Military Institute of Science and Technology Farzad Hossain, Military Institute of Science and Technology Rifat Sultana Setu, Military Institute of Science and Technology S.M. Abdullah Al Amin, Military Institute of Science and Technology, et al. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/afshana-morshed/3/
Launching automated rotary parking system: Towards traffic congestion free Dhaka city Mohummad Shariful Islam, Afshana Morshed Tithi, Farzad Hossain, Rifat Sultana Shetu, S. M. Abdullah Al Amin, and Shakia Zannatul Ferdous Chowdhury Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020026 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.5018544 View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018544 View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1919/1 Published by the American Institute of Physics Articles you may be interested in Effect of analysis parameters on non-linear implicit finite element analysis of marine corroded steel plate AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020025 (2017); 10.1063/1.5018543 Finite element analysis of container ship s cargo hold using ANSYS and POSEIDON software AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020012 (2017); 10.1063/1.5018530 Design of miniature type parallel coupled microstrip hairpin filter in UHF range AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020017 (2017); 10.1063/1.5018535 Propulsive machinery selection for repowering of an old patrol craft A case study AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020027 (2017); 10.1063/1.5018545 The augmentation of heat transfer in a pipe flow using a swirling perforated twisted (SPT) tape insert AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020013 (2017); 10.1063/1.5018531 Parameters sensitivity on mooring loads of ship-shaped FPSOs AIP Conference Proceedings 1919, 020022 (2017); 10.1063/1.5018540
Launching Automated Rotary Parking System: Towards Traffic Congestion Free Dhaka City Mohummad Shariful Islam 1,a), Afshana Morshed Tithi 1,b), Farzad Hossain 1,c), Rifat Sultana Shetu 1, S.M. Abdullah Al Amin 1 and Shakia Zannatul Ferdous Chowdhury 1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka- 1216, Bangladesh a) Corresponding author: sharif6016@gmail.com b) morshedafshana94@gmail.com c) farzadhossain@gmail.com Abstract. Bangladesh is the most densely populated city in the whole world, which is visible more in the capital city Dhaka. People have to suffer and valuable times are being wasted for this chronic quandary. Lack of proper planning of the city, different speed vehicles on the same road, over population, inadequate road space, unplanned stoppage or parking etc. are responsible for causing the traffic congestion in Dhaka City. Among those insufficient/unplanned parking system is one of the main reasons for causing traffic congestion. The automated rotary car parking system is the best and suitable because of its less utilization of space compared to other systems. It is a friendly parking system due to the non-utilization of noise/pollution related mechanism. The aim of this paper is to develop an automated car parking system with a minimum cost for reducing congestion in Dhaka city. INTRODUCTION One of the most challenging and difficult issues in the management of Dhaka city in the present decade is the traffic problem. Since there is no planned parking facility in Dhaka City, so vehicle operators stopping their vehicles at any place whenever they need. The drivers also park vehicle in a haphazard manner blocking normal traffic movement. Thereby, it causes traffic congestion. In addition, most of the houses of Dhaka city have a parking ratio of 1:1 which engenders a great quandary [1]. Similar case can be seen in the offices, factories and different organizations of the city. If the car parking facilities can be increased to park eight cars in a single garage, traffic congestion would be minimized. In this case, rotary car parking system is the best of all other methods due to the using of less space. It has the capability to accommodate eight cars in the space of two with very economic way. It can provide the integrated benefits of flexible operation without the requirements of an attendant, integrated security and least chances of conveyance damage [1]. In this back drop, this paper will make an endeavour to discuss the eco-friendly automated car parking system to make the Dhaka city free of traffic congestion. BACKGROUND The earliest multi-level car parking structure was built in 1918 for the Hotel La Salle situated in Chicago [2]. The design was made by Holabird and Roche [2]. Though the hotel was destroyed in 1976 but the parking structure wasn t vanished [2]. But it is a matter of great sorrow that the multi level structure was finally vanished in 2005 because of not receiving landmark status from the Chicago city. Moreover, some of these early systems were vertical elevator hoist modules of capacity between 100 to 600 spaces that placed cars on upper levels of a structure to be moved by an attendant and mechanical mechanisms that could move vehicles into slots in a framework built around a central corridor [2]. Some researchers have designed in such a way that multiple cars could be hold in a horizontal space of Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Applied Science (ICMEAS 2017) AIP Conf. Proc. 1919, 020026-1 020026-8; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018544 Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1611-6/$30.00 020026-1
two and six cars could be accommodated in that space [1]. They used 89S51 micro-controller, 6 IR sensors, Keypad. Power was given to microcontroller using RFID and relay. Some other researchers have utilized wireless sensor networkshy for automated car parking. They captured image through AVR microcontroller, processed data was transmitted via Zigbee wireless module and found that time could be saved a lot for vacant parking lot [3]. Some other used GSM technology. They fixed GSM modem at the parking place which could send conformation messages to the user determining whether any slot is vacant or not [4]. Moreover, if it is vacant then the user could send message about the exact time and duration he wanted to park his car [4]. In other paper, a system has been discussed where robotic technology was utilized along with digital key. In that case, utilizing correct key can provide an option for retrieving or parking a car. Moreover, the system utilized robotic lift with motors for picking the car and placing it to the desired position [5]. Since Dhaka city is densely populated and ground area required for parking is very less in Bangladesh, automated multi stored car parking system can be able to solve this by utilizing maximum vertical area. Moreover, ten to twelve cars can be stay in the space of two and no noise pollution is made by it. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Equipment Used FIGURE 1. Circuit Diagram (1) Motor driver L298N: L298N is a high voltage, high current dual full-bridge driver designed to accept standard TTL logic levels and drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, DC and stepping motors [6]. In this project, we used L298N motor driver to run the 12V DC motor (Fig. 2). FIGURE 2. L298N-Motor driver 020026-2
(2) Arduino MEGA: The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega1280 which has 54 digital input/output pins, 16 analog inputs, 4 hardware serial ports, a USB connection, a power jack and a reset button. It is connected to a computer with a USB cable or powered it with AC-to-DC adapter or battery to do the work [7]. The required programming code is uploaded in this to work accordingly (Fig. 3). FIGURE 3. Arduino MEGA (3) DC gear motor: DC gear motor is actually an extension version of DC motor where a gear assembly is attached to it. The gear assembly assists to increment the torque and minimize the speed. A pinion is attached at the top of the DC motor and a gear is connected to the pinion, a shaft is connected to the lower sprocket from the gear. So, when the DC motor rotates the whole mechanism is working at a time (Fig. 4). FIGURE 4. DC gear motor (4) Breadboard: Breadboards are generally utilized for circuit testing purposes. For complete fulfillment of circuit, it is necessary to push the components and wires into the holes in a proper way. Our circuit is done in the breadboard using the male and female jumper wires (Fig. 5). FIGURE 5. Breadboard 020026-3
(5) 3 4 Matrix Keypad: This keypad has 12 buttons, arranged in a telephone-line 3x4 grid and made of a thin, flexible membrane material with an adhesive backing in order that it can attach to almost anything [8]. Using this keypad we can determine our required sheet number on which our required car is placed, so when we press our required number on the keypad the sheet plate will automatically come down. Password system can also be applied in this system using the keypad (Fig. 6). FIGURE 6. 3 4 Matrix Keypad (6) Battery Charger: A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it. The battery charger is used to power up DC motor and motor driver which will make the system run when electric current is passed (Fig. 7). FIGURE 7. Battery Changer (7) Miscellaneous Items: The other items which are used in the setup are Jumper wires (male, female), ball bearings, chain (40 grades), sprocket, roller frame, shaft, sheet plate, pinion etc. Description of Setup This experiment is a prototype. All the circuit connections are given through the ports of Arduino MEGA, breadboard, L298N-motor driver, DC motor, 3 4 matrix keypad and these components are connected together. It made a frame for the whole project set up by welding. It used shaft, ball bearings, sprocket and chain to rotate the whole system. It connected the DC-motor with a pinion. The pinion will make the sprocket rotate along with the shaft and chain. However, the whole system will rotate at a time. There are 10 sheet plates connected to the chain, which will rotate taking all the sheet plates and according to the number of keypad, the sheet plate number will stop at the basement for the vehicle to exit. The connection from the Arduino MEGA and L298N is given to the DC motor. This connection withal contains a 3 4 matrix keypad, which works as the password lock. 020026-4
FIGURE 8. Overall Structure (Prototype) Figure 8 is described below: (1) Main body frame (Denoted as 1): This frame is made using steel rods, we welded the parts together and after the structure made, the whole system is established on this frame. (2) Upper sprockets (Denoted as 2): 2 sprockets are used at the upper part of system, which is attached to the frame with shaft by welding. The sprocket rotates along the shaft with the help of ball bearings. (3) Lower sprocket (Denoted as 3). Again, 2 sprockets are used at the lower part. In the lower part the sprockets are attached with a long shaft from one end of the frame to another end. The lower sprocket is attached to the gear, which is rotated with the DC motor. (4) Chain (Denoted as 4): The chain is used to connect the upper and lower sprockets, so that when the lower sprockets rotate then the upper sprockets will also rotate. The sheet plates are also joined to the chain, so that when the chain rotates. (5) Shaft (Denoted as 5): The shaft is used to transmit the rotation between the sprockets with the help of ball bearings. The rotation is transmitted to the whole system. (6) Sheet plates (Denoted as 6): We used sheets to make these plates. These plates are used to carry the vehicles on it. (7) Wires (Denoted as 7): The wire is used to hold the sheet plates with chain. (8) DC motor (Denoted as 8): DC motor is used to power up the whole system and with the rotation of the motor the system rotates. (9) Gear (Denoted as 9): Gear is meshed with the pinion which rotates with the DC motor. The gear transmits rotation to the sprocket and then it is transmitted to the whole system. 020026-5
PERFORMANCE TEST & DISCUSSION Performance Test The parking system is established over a steel frame which is made by steel rods and combined by welding. The whole hardware arrangement is done with all mechanical mechanism using pinion, gear, chain, sprocket, ball bearing, shaft combined together to complete the whole setup. In this parking system, the password locking feature is also included and it will also become easy to find the plate number. When the driver of the car will place on his sheet plate, he will apply a password on the keypad according to his wish for his car s safety. Again, when wants to take his car, he will give his password on a keypad and the required sheet plate will come down with his car in the basement and he can facilely take his car out from the parking lot. This parking system is a prototype model. It used small toy cars to present the whole mechanism of the parking system and the final result is very good in respect mechanism. This a friendly parking system because it does not use any type of noise/pollution related mechanism. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FIGURE 9. Simulation Result of Stress (Von Mises) Chrome steel material is used in both upper and lower bearings (denoted as 5). It gives durability with high resistance to deformation and cost-effectiveness with superior hardness. Alloy steel material is used in chain (denoted as 2) which gives less deformation then other materials. Alloy steel material is used in frame (denoted as 6) because it is comparatively cheaper then aluminum. Grey cast iron material is used in upper gears (denoted as 1) and lower gears (denoted as 3) because it is less costly then steel. Moreover, cast iron gives excellent mechanical properties, such as, higher resistance to wear and corrosion. Alloy steel material is used in shaft (denoted as 7) due to its cost-effective nature. Moreover, less deformation is obtained in compare with other materials. Stainless steel material is used in the sheet plates (denoted as 4) because of its high resistance to rust and corrosion. Moreover, stainless steel plates are long lasting with little maintenance cost. 020026-6
Discussion In Dhaka city, the population is increasing gradually and as a result of that, the land is decreasing. So, a number of industries, transportations is additionally increasing rapidly for this huge population. Due to the shortage of land, we are not able to make enough parking systems for parking, because of that we are parking on roadside. There are various points for which the validity of this rotary parking system is suitable for Dhaka city: (1) The rotary parking system occupies less space giving more capacity. This system requires only 6.5 x 5 meters of space where 8-12 cars can be parked in lieu of 2 cars utilizing vertical space, no horizontal space used [9]. (2) This parking system requires less money for installation and for usage, it takes less time to construct the whole system. After the mechanical, civil work and cabling is done, utilization can be done in 5-7days [9]. For increasing the capacity of parking no need to spend months on the rotary system. But in other parking lots, it is obligatory to spend months for construction to increase the lot capacity, like underground parking system [10], multi-level parking system etc costs more for construction and usage. (3) Rotary parking system is time saving. As a vehicle reaches the parking basement it can easily get on the sheet plate and get parked, it takes less than 90 seconds to do the storage and retrieval in the rotary parking system [9]. But, in other parking system [10] it takes time to get parked and wait in line for parking the car. (4) Safety is really available in this system with the help of password locking system. Only the owner will know his/her password. (5) Rotary parking system is environment friendly. In this system, no air pollution occurs as the engines are shut down while transferring the car. No noise is produced, like giving horns while parking, because owner can park the vehicle properly without any disturbance [9]. (6) In rotary parking system, it is easy for entry and exit. Owner don t need to find their cars in the parking lot or even search for places to park the car, find empty places for parking. The system is automated, which shows the number in which the required car is parked. So, no time is wasted in this system like other parking systems [9]. (7) As the construction cost is very less compared to other systems, so it will be very effective one for the developing country like Bangladesh. This is made locally which will be more effective when a company will produce this structure by machining. PROPOSED PLAN FOR DHAKA CITY a. The City Corporation of Dhaka can make a proper plan to divide the Dhaka city into different groups for parking cars with an allocating area for constructing rotary car parking system. b. The land owner, proprietor of market and industry can construct rotary car parking system to make more car accommodation and also to rent parking space with cheap rate. Media can play a pivotal role in this regard. c. The City Corporation of Dhaka can construct rotary car parking system on the road side where space is available to park cars with cheap charge. It will make the people interest to park the car in a proper place. d. Many cars are stolen in our country every day for improper security. When people will use rotary car parking system the security system will definitely improve as this car parking system has locking system with a password. CONCLUSION Traffic congestion of Dhaka city is one of the most chaotic ones in the world. The residents of Dhaka are compelled to undergo physical stress and suffer financial losses in terms of huge man- hours lost on working days. To relieve from such problem at little bit, Government has to take a necessary plan to construct rotary car parking system in different areas of Dhaka city. The land owner, proprietor of market and industry can also construct this system to make more car accommodation and also to rent parking space with cheap rate. Thereby the traffic congestion will be reduced in a significant way. As this parking system uses the vertical space not the horizontal space, so less amount of land is utilized. In this system, no air pollution occurs as the engines are shut down while transferring the car. Since no noise is 020026-7
engendered, so utilizing this parking system can be very much environmentally friendly. Moreover, this system is automatic and the position where the required car is parked can be easily seen. One of the disadvantages of wireless or GSM based multi level parking is that hackers getting into the vehicle's software and controlling or affecting its operation which is a major security issue [11]. Since we utilized password instead of wireless or GSM, this problem can be avoided. So, implementing password based multi-level automated parking system in Dhaka city can be very much helpful to solve this disastrous traffic congestion. REFERENCES [1] C. Patel, M. Swami, P. Saxena and S. Shah, Rotary Automated Car Parking System, in International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 408-415 (March 2015). [2] A. Albagul, K. Alsharef, M. Saad and Y. Abujeela, Design and Fabrication of an Automated Multi-level Car Parking System, in Manufacturing Engineering, Automatic Control and Robotics, ISBN: 978-960-474-371-1, pp. 173-178. [3] M. Aggarwal, S. Aggarwal and R. S. Uppal, Comparative Implementation of Automatic Car Parking System with least distance parking space in Wireless Sensor Networks, in International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 2, Issue 10, ISSN 2250-3153, pp. 1-8 (October 2012). [4] K. Sushma, P. R. Babu and J. N. Reddy, Reservation Based Vehicle Parking System using GSM and RFID Technology, in International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, Vol. 3, Issue 5, pp. 495-498 (Sep- Oct 2013). [5] A. Wafa, B. Samkari, N. Zeba and S. Al-Jaber, Automated Car Parking, Undergraduate thesis (ECE 492 - Capstone Project II), Effat University, 2012. [6] L298N Motor Driver Board, modified: 8 January, 2013, Greeetech Wiki [internet], [cited: 31 January, 2017], available from: http://www.geeetech.com/wiki/index.php/l298n_motor_driver_board. [7] Arduino MEGA, modified: 9 September, 2015, RepRap Wiki [internet], [cited 31 January, 2017], available from: http://reprap.org/wiki/arduino_mega. [8] Membrane 3x4 Matrix Keypad + extras 3*4, (n.d.), Adafruit [internet], [cited: 31 January, 2017], available from: https://www.adafruit.com/product/419. [9] The Advantages of Smart Parking, (n.d.), New York, Smart Parking Solution Inc. [intermet], [cited: 01 February, 2017], available from: http://www.smartparkingsolution.com/advantages. [10] M.O. Reza, M.F. Ismail, A.A. Rokoni, M.A.R. Sarkar, Smart Parking System with Image Processing Facility, in I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, Vol. 3, pp. 41-47 (April 2012), Published Online: April 2012 in MECS. [11] P. Goodman, Advantages and Disadvantages of Driverless Cars, uploaded: November 22, 2016, Florida, AxleAddict [internet], [cited: 01 February, 2017], available from: https://axleaddict.com/safety/advantages-and- Disadvantages-of-Driverless-Cars. 020026-8