From Technologies to Market SiC and GaN adoption by EV/HEV market Hong LIN, PhD Senior Analyst lin@yole.fr CS International 2019
YOLE DEVELOPPEMENT Software Photonics Imaging MEMS & Sensors RF Devices & Techno. Displays MedTech Solid State Lighting (LED, OLED, ) Manufacturing Today s talk! Compound Semi. Advanced Packaging Power Electronics Batteries & Energy Management Memory Advanced Substrates 2
DRIVERS FOR ELECTRIFICATION Over the past couple of years, several drivers have pushed the growth of the emerging electric & hybrid cars market. Paris A shift in consumer perception of electric cars Low cost of electricity compared to petroleumbased fuels Air-pollution issues in cities Drivers for EV/HEV Government regulations to reduce CO 2 emissions Government incentives to promote electromobility Shanghai Increase in mileage capability in electric cars Stronger involvement from OEMs in electromobility 3
RECENT OEM ANNOUNCEMENTS ABOUT INVESTMENT IN EV/HEV Huge investments into EV/HEV (almost $300 billion in total) have been recently announced by different companies* EU: ~$150 b Asia: ~$107 b US: ~$39 b * The budgets announced will be deployed over different time periods 4
EV/HEV CLASSIFICATION CO 2 reduction compared to thermal vehicles (in %)* * CO2 emission reduction in car operation Energy saving No battery charging from the grid Diesel/gasoline EV/HEV ICE + electric motor High-voltage battery New Energy Vehicles (NEV) Battery charging from the grid H2 Electric motor only (Zero-emission vehicle) Different levels of electrification are available depending on the required target level of CO 2 reduction. Different classifications of EV/HEV exist, depending on charging, motor and fuel characteristics Honda Civic Toyota Prius Full HEV Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV 50 100% Tesla Model S BEV Toyota Mirai FCEV 100% VW Golf Mild HEV 25 40% 10 25% Car examples Thermal vehicle Taken as a reference 48V vehicles are included here Level of electrification 5
EV/HEV MARKET EVOLUTION EV/HEV car sales forecast in million units In 2018, the barrier of 5.8 million EV/HEV cars sold in the global market was breached. By 2024 over 25 million EV/HEV cars will be sold In 2018, more than 5 million EV/HEVs were sold worldwide. By 2020, Yole forecasts sales to reach more than 10 million and above 25 million PHEV + BEV/FCV cars will reach more than 8 million sales by 2024, which will represent one third of the EV/HEV car sales In 2018, the barrier of 5. 8 million EV/HEV cars sold was breached Yole Développement, 2019 By 2020, more than 10 10 million EV/HEV cars will be sold BEV PHEV Full hybrid Mild hybrid 6
POWER CONVERTERS IN EV/HEV (Si BASED SOLUTIONS) What power rating and devices do each EV/HEV type use? Converters Mild HEV Full HEV PHEV (with EREV) EV (BEV or FCV) High-end BEV Technologically speaking, SiC is used for highpower DC/AC inverters and GaN is better suited to lowpower DC/DC and AC/DC converters. 1. DC/DC converter LV-HV 6 MOSFETs: 1.5-4 kw Av: 3 kw 2. Main inverter + (boost converter option) 3. Generator* 4. On-board Battery charger 6 LV MOSFETs 5-20 kw Av: 15 kw 6 IGBTs + (2 IGBTs) 40-120 kw Av: 70 kw 6 IGBTs 20 / 50 kw Av: 30-40 kw 6 IGBTs 60-150 kw Av: 100 kw 6 MOSFETs: 3-7kW 6 or 12 IGBTs 250-600 kw Av: 400 kw 6 MOSFETs: 1.8-7.2 kw Av: 3.6 kw and then 6 IGBTs: 10-20 kw Av: 15 kw Auxiliary system converters are not considered in this table. These are the applications that are specific to EV/HEV. Standard in-car electronic power device applications such as oil pump, braking, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning are not considered. 7
FIVE APPROACHES TO INCREASE CAR DRIVING RANGE 0km 1,000km + + + + 5. Driving range 1. 2. 3. 4. There are 5 main approaches to increase the driving range / reduce system costs. The final choice of one or another approach depends on the company s strategy and positioning, and type of vehicle. Source: Yole Développement + - 1. 2. 3b. Other converters DC Loads 3a. AC Traction inverter 5. 4. AC motor +gearbox Larger battery size (kwh) & new battery technologies Higher Voltage 800 V battery/ Boost converter High-efficiency DC/AC and DC/DC conversion High-efficiency and lightweight AC motor P(loss) ~ RI 2 SiC-based inverter Improved device packaging Improved inverter topology Different companies made different motor choices (PMSM, EESM, ASM ) 8
APPROACHES TO INCREASE DRIVING RANGE / REDUCE SYSTEM COSTS What are the approaches chosen by different players? Present Future Three main approaches exist today. Traction inverter: Silicon SiC Tesla Model 3 inverter? SiC SiC technology can be an ultimate solution in the future. Battery voltage: 400V 800V Porsche Taycan Battery voltage boost converter SiC devices in Tesla inverter Toyota Prius 9
48-VOLT ELECTRIC SYSTEM What is the 48V network? Inverter A 48V battery, a DC/DC converter and a belt alternator starter are the minimum necessary components. The basic 48V system consists of three main components: a Belt Alternator Starter (coupled to the combustion engine), a DC/DC converter (connects the 12V and 48V networks) and a 48V battery pack. Other auxiliary systems may also be connected to this 48V network; it will depend on the OEM which systems will be used at 48V: Driving assist: EPS (electric power steering), power brakes, electric supercharger, motor cooling water pump, etc. Commodity: HVAC, etc. Infotainment Lighting DC/DC converter 48V network 48V Belt Alternator Starter 12V Battery 12V network 48V Battery Max. 1kWh EPS HVAC Brakes 10
48V AUTOMOTIVE Case study: Valeo 48/12V DC-DC converter GaN targets emerging 48V automotive applications. Curtesy of Valeo 11
SEMICONDUCTOR BOTTLENECK IN VIEW Materials Devices EV/HEV market is absorbing the semiconducto r capacity. Wafers Chip Packaging Materials New efforts from the whole WBG semiconductor industry to support the EV market growth! 12
Thank you! Any question? Presenter: Hong Lin lin@yole.fr These Slides were EXTRACTED FROM various YOLE S REPORTS