Urban Transport systems in major cities in China Sun Kechao Senior Engineer China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing, China
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Introduction Urban transport policies Urban transport Effectiveness China Urban Transport Index CONTENTS
Part 1 Introduction
About CATS China Academy of Transportation Sciences (CATS), established in 1960, is a comprehensive research institute of the Ministry of Transport(MOT). CATS is mainly conducting fundamental, forward-looking and public welfare researches and providing technical consulting services for government authorities and the transport sector. Strategy & Policy Safety & Emergency Response Engineering Technology & Testing Certification Integrated Transport+ Logistics Focus Areas Media & Exhibitions Information Service /ITS Environment Protection & Low Carbon Urban Transport & Metro
1.1 Traffic Congestion 1. Introduction At present, China's mega- and large cities are generally facing the problem of traffic congestion. Traffic congestion is spreading :East West;Large cites Small cities The City Ranking about Commuting peak congestion in the second quarter of 2018
1. Introduction 1.2 Urbanization 90.0 79.6 80.0 78.2 81.0 75.4 79.1 77.3 73.8 72.5 70.0 71.6 70.2 71.0 66.0 64.6 65.2 60.0 63.1 50.0 46.7 49.1 43.0 44.8 43.9 40.0 36.2 29.0 30.0 26.4 29.0 25.5 26.6 27.7 20.0 1990 1995 2000 2006 China India Republic of Korea Europe North America Japan World 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 % 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 70.0 57.0 36.2 44.9 26.4 29.0 1990 1995 2000 2007 2020 2050 Year the increasing trends towards urbanization in major countries around the world China has experienced a rapid urbanization in 1990 to 2017, nearly doubling from 26 to more than 50.
1. Introduction 1.3 Motorization Number of automobile(per 1000 people) 1000 100 10 0.6% 779 0.7% 813 708 575 0.6% 595 1.7% 593 446 572 2.9% 307 3.9% 385 375 4.0% 322 255 6.6% 117 115 16.7% 5.2% 85 27 7.9% 25 9.9% 3 7.8% 30 11.5% 23 12 12 4.3% 9 1 China Turkey India South Korea Poland U.S. France Japan 1985 2000 2006 Year Motorization growth among developed and developing nations Trend of the private car growth in Nanjing Comparison of the number of vehicles in Beijing in 1990 and 2012
Part 2 Urban transport policies
2. Urban transport policies Haerbin Chinese Transit Metropolis Demonstration Program Wulumuqi In 2012, Chinese government Beijing Dalian began the Transit Metropolis Shijiazhuang Demonstration Program,15 Taiyuan Jinan cities were selected. Zhengzhou Xian Nanjing In 2013 and 2017, 22 and 50 Chongqing Wuhan cities were selected to construct Changsha the project respectively. Kunming Each selected city would Shenzhen reward 1.5 million USD
2. Urban transport policies The basic information about Nanjing Nanjing is the Capital of Jiangsu Province The area: 6,622 km² Population:83 million Per capita GDP: 20,576 USD Number of buses: 8359 Bus line :592 Rail transit: 6 bars, 225 km
2. Urban transport policies 2.1 Policy guarantee mechanism Guidance on urban priority development of public transport, Issued by The State Council in 2012. The Nanjing government has issued 16 policies related to the priority development of public transportation Financial subsidies are about 167 million USD per year Objectives:Share of Public Transport in Motorized travel modes: 60%
2. Urban transport policies 2.2 Focus on transportation planning Compile and revise transport infrastructure plans Strengthening the concept of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)in the city Prepare five-year and ten-year transportation plan
2. Urban transport policies 2.3 Public transportation infrastructure construction Highlight the construction of the interchange hub Built public transportation hubs for external transportation station, rail transit stations connected to bus hubs Built park + railway (P+R) parking and transfer station Increase the construction of bus Nanjing passenger station and bus station P+R parking and transfer station The color road in Bus Lane
2. Urban transport policies 2.4 Improve the level of intelligence Promote the construction of intelligent public transport system Electronic monitoring is installed on bus lanes, and some buses are equipped with mobile monitoring.
2. Urban transport policies 2.5 Improve the quality of services Green travel advertise Implement the standardization of public transport services Further strengthen the safety of employees Organized green travel month Bus week and Nocar day activities Focus on energy conservation Service into the community Green travel report Media charity ride Public welfare walking Campus expert salon Green Ribbon Action Excellent bus personality Pure electric new energy bus Bus driver yield to pedestrians
Part 3 Urban transport Effectiveness
3. Urban transport Effectiveness 3.1 Passenger volume has increased significantly At present, Nanjing has a daily average of 5 million passengers, an increase of 880,000 passengers compared with 2012. Over the first two years, the passenger volume of rail transit has doubled. Average daily passenger volume 21% Average daily rail transit passenger volume 91% 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year
3. Urban transport Effectiveness 3.2 Significant improvement in infrastructure Main city buses have updated to air-conditioned cars Increase 2269 buses and 638 rail transit operation vehicles Every 10,00 citizen has 15.5 buses (calculated according to the resident population) Increase the bus station area by 35 hectares 55% Number of buses Number of rail transit vehicles Total number of vehicles
3. Urban transport Effectiveness 3.3 Strong development of green bus Realized new energy buses and charging piles The ratio of clean energy public transport vehicles increased from 31% to 67%. Public bicycles are developing rapidly, covering the whole city
3. Urban transport Effectiveness 3.4 Public transport satisfaction rate is improved The comprehensive satisfaction rate of public transport reached 61.7% The basic satisfaction rate is above 95.2%, and the dissatisfaction rate is only 4.8% Public transportation satisfaction survey Highly satisfied Partly satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied
3. Urban transport Effectiveness Way forward At present, 87 Transit Metropolis creation activity has begun in China, but the level of public transport are far from the international standard bus city such as Tokyo, Seoul and London. We will take the bus city creation work as an opportunity to learn more useful experience from international advanced cities and provide more convenient travel services for people! Research on urban transportation science (e.g. urban traffic theory research, walking system, fare policy) Research on big data of urban transportation (e.g. Relying on mobile internet, big data, cloud computing and other emerging information technology)
Part 4 China Urban Transport Indictors
China Urban Transport Index In order to guide the establishment of Chinese Transit Metropolis, Ministry of Transport enacted the indicators system of performance measurement for Transit Metropolis. The index includes 7 Measurement indicators and 4 reference indicators. No. Indicator Name Indicator Type 1 Motorized modal share of public transit(similar to SUTI 2) Measurement 2 500-meter coverage ratio of public transit stations(similar to SUTI 3) Measurement 3 Public transit vehicle ownership 10 thousand per capita(similar to SUTI 8) Measurement 4 Traffic accident death toll(similar to SUTI 5) Measurement 5 Average speed of public transit vehicle in peak hours Measurement 6 Degree of satisfaction of public transit passengers(similar to SUTI 4) Measurement 7 Utilization rate of public transit smart card Measurement 8 Number of daily public transit trips per capita Reference 9 Average age of public transit vehicles(similar to SUTI 7) Reference 10 Income level of public transit employees(similar to SUTI 8) Reference 11 Energy consumption intensity(similar to SUTI 9 and 10) Reference Only SUIT 1, 6 Not involved
China Transit Metropolis indictors Transit Metropolis indictors (1) Motorized modal share of public transit Definition: In the statistical period, the percentage of resident trips using public transit in total motorized trips (unit: %) Computing method: public transit trips motorized modal share of public transit= 100% total motorized trips (2) 500-meter coverage ratio of public transit stations Definition: In the statistical period, the ratio of the area of 500-meter coverage by public transit stations to the area of built-up area in the city centre. (unit: %) Computing method: 500 meter coverage ratio of public transit stations area of 500 meter coverage by public transit stations = 100% area of built - up area in the city centre
China Transit Metropolis indictors Transit Metropolis indictors (3) Public transit vehicle ownership 10 thousand per capita Definition: In the statistical period, the equivalent number of public transit vehicle ownership per 10 thousand people, calculated by the urban population. (unit: veh/10 thousand people) Computing method: public transit vehicle ownership per 10 thousand people public transit vehicle ownership = 100% urban population (4) Traffic accident death toll Definition: The number of traffic accident deaths per mile of public transportation. (Unit: person / million car kilometers) Computing method: Traffic accident death toll= The number of deaths from traffic accidents Bus operating mileage
China Transit Metropolis indictors Transit Metropolis indictors (5) Average speed of public transit vehicles in peak hours Definition: In the statistical period, the average annual speed of buses carrying passengers. (unit: km/hr) average speed of public transit vehicles in peak hours Computing method: average speed of public transit runs in peak hours = total number of runs in peak hours average speed of public transit runs in peak hours operational distance of public transit runs in peak hours = operational time of public transit runs in peak hours (6) Degree of satisfaction of public transit passengers Definition: In the statistical period, the average rates of valid questionnaire on performance investigation for the level of service of public transit. (unit: %) Computing method: degree of satisfaction of public transit passengers score of single valid questionnaire = 100% total number of valid questionnaire
China Transit Metropolis indictors Transit Metropolis indictors (7) Utilization rate of public transit smart card Definition: In the statistical period, the percentage of passenger volume using smart card in total public transit passenger volume. (unit: %) Computing method: utilization rate of public transit smart card passenger volume using smart card = 100% total public transit passenger volume (8) Number of daily public transit trips per capita Definition: In the statistical period, number of daily public transit trips per capita made by residents in urban area. (unit: times) Computing method: number of daily public transit trips per capita annual public transit passenger volume = 365 transfer coefficient urban population
China Transit Metropolis indictors Transit Metropolis indictors (9) Average age of public transit vehicles Definition: In the statistical period, average applicable age of public transit vehicles in urban area. (unit: year) average age of public transit vehicles Computing method: total applicable age of single public transit vehicle = total number of public transit fleets (10) Income level of public transit employees Definition: In the statistical period, the ratio of average salary of public transit employees to all local employees. (unit: %) Computing method: income level of public transit employees average salary of public transit employees = 100% average salary of all local employees (11) Energy consumption intensity Definition: n the statistical period, tons of standard coal equivalent energy consumed by 10 thousand person-time. (unit: ton/10 thousand person-time) Computing method: e nergy consumption intensity total tons of standard coal equivalent energy consumed by vehicles = total passenger volume
China Transit Metropolis indictors SUTI in China China has established a relatively complete index system, but not SUTI. According to the definition of the indicator, we can assessing the Urban Transportation System, and make a plan that suits China's national conditions
THE END THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION Sun Kechao Senior Engineer Email:sunkechao2004@163.com China Academy of Transportation Sciences(CATS) No.240, huixin li, Chaoyang district, Beijing