Clean Fuels MARAMA 3.20.2019 Alleyn Harned Virginia Clean Cities 540-568-8896 aharned@vacleancities.org Clean Cities / 1
Clean Fuels and Mobile Sources Ask the questions: Why Energy Economic Security Environmental Who What / How Clean Fuels Take action Clean Cities / 2
Why Reduce Oil Energy Oil production in Virginia is low Rising Petroleum Prices U.S. Owns 2-3% of world oil reserves, but uses 25% of worlds oil Volatility of Petroleum Market Significant production domestically, but still 40% imports VA transportation 99 % petroleum $33 million each day on imported leaves Virginia for imported toxic fuel Nearly 100% of VA oil is out of state (99.98%) Affordable, local or domestic transportation fuels can be less expensive, produced locally recirculate resources create jobs, save jobs Clean Cities / 3
Why - Health and Environment Carbon Monoxide (CO) Cardiovascular disease, damage nervous system 56-95% of US CO is emitted by vehicles Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Respiratory damage - 55% from vehicles Particulate Matter (PM) Aggravate asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, heart disease, lung disease, water pollution directly from vehicles Ozone Smog reduce lung function Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) Climate Change: CO 2 CH4, NO2 Gasoline = 20lbs, Diesel 23lbs Clean Cities / 4
EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory Clean Cities / 5
Energy Info. Admin. CO2 As of 2016, Oil for Transportation is largest CO2 Source / Sector Clean Cities / 6
Energy Info. Admin. CO2 As of 2016, Oil for Transportation is largest CO2 Source / Sector Clean Cities / 7
Energy Info. Admin. CO2 In Virginia, Oil for Transportation is largest CO2 Source / Sector And Delaware, Jersey, DC, and MD. NC/PA = Electricity Clean Cities / 8
Change From Today to 2050 2050 U.S. Option 60% of Today Cleaner Fuels Clean Electricity (Low-Carbon) Electricity (High-Carbon) Bioenergy Gaseous fuels Legacy Oil Limiting global climate change to 2 degrees will likely include changes in transportation and fuels in the mid-atlantic. Clean Cities / 9
Clean Cities Delaware West Virginia Pennsylvania Virginia New Jersey Maryland NC DC Clean Cities / 10
Alternative Fuels: What s Included? Managing alt fuel deployment and education programs on behalf of governments, fleets, and other stakeholders Technology Portfolio Virginia Clean Cities Coalition: Vehicles and Driver Choices that Increase Fuel Economy Idle Reduction Advanced Vehicles (e.g., HEVs, PHEVs) Alternative (non-petroleum) Fuels & Vehicles Clean Cities / 11
Types of EVs and PEVs Hybrid Electric (gasoline) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Electric, gasoline backup Battery Electric Vehicle Purely electric, no gasoline, no oil 24 to 100 KW batteries 85 to 300 miles of range Charge at home at work, public Toyota Prius Prime Chevy Volt Tesla Model 3 Nissan LEAF Chevy Bolt Electric Bus, etc Clean Cities / 12
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Electric Emissions Zero tailpipe emissions. Deep decarbonization on grid today. https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.php Clean Cities / 14
Biodiesel Renewable fuel produced by processing vegetable and animal fats Often blended with diesel at levels from 5% to 20% biodiesel All manufacturers approve use of B5 Similar payload capacity, range, and horsepower and torque Works with practically any diesel engine, no modification for B20 Biodegradable, cleaner burning Reduces lifecycle greenhouse gases by 86% Clean Cities / 15
Ethanol and E85 A renewable alcohol fuel, blended with gasoline, produced from plants 10% ethanol can be used in most vehicles without modification 15% blends OK for 2001 and up vehicles E85 85% blended with 15% gasoline, high octane Can make ethanol from paper waste, agricultural waste Animal feed is byproduct of ethanol production Clean Cities / 16
Natural Gas Natural Gas Vehicle runs on compressed or liquid natural gas from a tank Fewer emissions, 20% less CO2, 60% less CO, 75% less nitrogen oxides $1.00/gal is recent public price in Norfolk VA, $1.00 fleet achievable Potential for landfill renewable gas projects (95% fewer emissions) Facilities upgrades may be necessary, especially to work on fuel systems Renewable natural gas now more than 1/3 rd of natural gas on road Clean Cities / 17
LPG Propane -Autogas Propane LPG - Autogas $1 a gallon fleet contracts Vehicles run on propane, tanks are higher capacity than your home grill, but same fuel Renewable Propane Emerging 85% of propane is domestic resource 60% less CO, 20% less CO2 Clean Cities / 18
Hydrogen Emerging use in New Jersey, DC, CA Exists in water, hydrocarbons (such as methane), and organic matter. Steam reforming of methane (natural gas) accounts for ~95% of hydrogen produced in U.S. Hydrogen in modified internal combustion or in fuel cell electric vehicles Clean Cities / 19
AFLEET Emissions Tool Know the fuels & your coordinators, run the numbers Alternative Fuel Life-Cycle Environmental and Economic Transportation (AFLEET) Tool for Clean Cities https://afleet-web.es.anl.gov/afleet/ Online or Excel Clean Cities / 20
Clean Cities Web Resources Dept of Energy Clean Cities Alt Fuel Data Center FuelEconomy.gov Virginia Clean Cities Clean Cities / 21
Thank You! DOE Clean Cities http://cleancities.energy.gov DOE Alt Fuel Data Center http://www.afdc.energy.gov/ Fuel Economy DOE/EPA http://www.fueleconomy.gov AFLEET Tool https://afleet-web.es.anl.gov/afleet/ Virginia Clean Cites http://www.vacleancities.org Alleyn Harned Virginia Clean Cities (540) 568-8896 (804) 539-9425 cell aharned@hrccc.org Clean Cities / 22