APEC EGNRET44, Laoag, Philippines Strategy and Roadmap for PV Systems in Japan April 13-14th, 2015 Takao Ikeda The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ)
Road Map for PV 2014 2020 2030 2050 Conversion Efficiency 8-18% 20% 40% Based on the assumption of new structure type of PV development Cost JPY14/kWh JPY7/kWh Based on the assumption of no change in the following cost Grid connection, Land development, Land rent fee etc. Multi purpose New utilization technology in unutilized area Technology demonstration for high value added module system (Source) R&D road map for energy Related Technologies, METI,Dec 2014 2
Scenario for Introduction of Photovoltaic Generation (as of 2008) For residential use: About 5.3 million houses 28 million kw (7 million kl) About 20 times higher than in 2005 53GW In 2030 About40 times higher than in 2005 14 million kw (3.5 million kl) Technological Development of the system is necessary About 10 times higher than in 2005 1.4 million kw (350,000 kl) Start of buyback system For residential use: About 320,000 houses Houses: about 70% Non-houses: about 30% Houses: About 80% Non-houses: About 20% Start of subsidy for residential photovoltaic generation 2005 2020 3
Trend of Primary Energy Supply in Japan 2003 2009 Nov 2011 Aug RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) wind, solar, small hydropower, biomass power generation, binary geothermal 8-year target set by every 4 years Finish in July 2012 as FIT started Buyback surplus PV electricity from residence Developed from Utilities voluntary Net -metering system Passage of FIT Law 2012 Jul Commencement of FIT Started from July 1 2015 Jun Expiration of premium period of FIT Premium period will expire on June 30. FIT system itself will continue. When FIT passed the Diet in August 2011, the law was designed to make the first 3 years as the premium period for investors. PV FIT was JPY32/kWh in FY2014. In FY2015, PV FIT is JPY29/kWh from April to June 2015 and will be JPY27/kWh from July 2015 to March 2016. 4
Trend for PV FIT approval of Application and installation (GW) 70 60 Amount of Installation Amount of Approval 50 40 30 20 10 July 2012 March 2013 March 2014 October 201 5
PV Installation/Connection Limit (10MW) Approved Amount (Oct, 2014) Applied for Connection (Nov, 2014) Connected to the Grid (Oct, 2014) Total amount available to be connected to the Grid (verified by METI advisory committee in Dec 2013) Hokkaido Tohoku Hokuriku Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu Okinawa Tokyo Chubu Kansai 6
Revised Disconnection Rule for new application Current Rule The rule of disconnection is applied only over 500kW PV plant Utilities can disconnect the PV power plants from the grid up to 30 days without compensation to the plants. New rule for New Application This rule of disconnection can be applied even under 500kW plant. The residential houses under 10kW should be applied after non-residential plants over 10kW. Utilities can disconnect PV plant up to 360 hours and wind power plant up to 720 hours without compensation to the power plants. Geothermal and Small Hydro power plants have no limitation to connect to the grid. 7
Grid Framework in Japan and Renewable Energy Potential Good wind resource Not enough Transmission line Strengthening the Grid and Energy Storage will be needed Hokkaido Direct current power transmission Tohoku Hokuri ku Tokyo Kansai Kyushu Shikoku Chubu Frequency converter station Direct current power transmission 8
Road Map for High Performance Storage Battery Total 27 Billion JPY is allocated for R&D of Utility scale battery system in FY 2014 2014 2020 2030 2050 Operating Life 10-15 years 20years Cost JPY50-100thousand /kwh Cost Reduction Improving the sophistication of Lithium ion batteries, Redox Flow battery, NAS battery and other existing batteries Commercially realization of innovative battery, energy storage system other than batteries R&D for innovative battery, energy storage system other than batteries (Source) R&D road map for energy Related Technologies, METI,Dec 2014 9
Multi-purpose Grid Storage Project Hokkaido Electric Power Co.,Inc. Wind Power Generation Solar Power Generation Control System Control Order Cell stack Large scale battery (Redox flow battery) Discharge Charge Overview of battery system (Sumitomo Electric Industries) Frequency Conceptual drawing Electrolyte Tank Subsidized Company Battery type System Capacity Location Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc. Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd Redox Flow battery 60 MWh Substation in Hokkaido (Source) NEDO. 10
Large-scale Battery Energy Storage System Tohoku Electric Power Co.,Inc. Wind Power Generation Wind Power Generation Wind Power Fluctuation Power Control System and Transformer center Battery containers Transformer Substation Mega Solar Power Plant Solar Power Fluctuation Supervising the influence of the fluctuation of renewable energy Supervisory control center Solar Power for residential use Thermal Power Generation Order Ordering output adjustment instructions which combined the battery system and the fuel generator Tohoku area Control center Frequency Gathering information and adjusting frequency Stabilized by frequency adjustment Transformers and Switches Tokyo area Overview of battery system (Toshiba) Conceptual drawing Subsidized Company Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Battery type System Capacity Location Lithium ion Battery 20 MWh Substation in Tohoku (Source) NEDO. 11
Demonstration Project on Next-generation Energy and Social Systems in Japan (FY 2010-FY2014) Large-scale and cutting-edge pilot projects have been launched in 4 areas. The outcomes to be accumulated through the projects will be utilized to create smart communities and smart cities in Asia and other countries. Kyoto Keihanna District Kitakyushu City Demonstration using new technologies in science city Yokohama City Demonstration in industrial city Large-scale demonstration in major city Toyota City Community-based demonstration in provincial city 12
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