EPCC 2015, Bled, Slovenia DSA with wind security tool and automatic curtailment suggestion Siemens AG, EM SG PTI, 2015 All rights reserved www.siemens.com
Dynamic Security Assessment traditional operational concepts as such are becoming insufficient tools for increasing situational awareness of the operators are required real time DSA tools have to be adopted for the operators to prevent outages, (taskforce investigating 2003 US-Canada blackout, recommendation no. 22) conduct security assessment to assess contingency situations, (NERC, policy no. 9) key method for ensuring for reliable system operation is the use of on-line DSA tools, (CIGRE WG C4)...new tools for security assessment need to be developed, (ENTSO-E, R&D plan EUROGIRD 2020) in addition to, rather than instead of, well-established and proven concepts Page 2
Tools for helping in decision making Page 3
DSA implementation with Spectrum SCADA-EMS Page 4
future SIGUARD DSA from user s perspective past RTU / SCADA measurements existing new features Page 5 SCADA/EMS applic.: - Switching states - stat. N-1 - Short circuit - Actual time Operational Horizon Day ahead planning Load forecast Outage scheduling future
today future Power Swing Recognition overview 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 SIGUARD DSA from user s perspective Wide-Area Protection and Control: - Automated system integrity plan - Actions adapted to current situation PMU devices / measurements Adv. data processing - Damping, Oscillations - Islanding - Voltage Stability - System Status Curve Basic data processing - Limit violations - Angle separation Stability Monitoring WAMS f / Hz -0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 damping / 1/s PSA: - Automated protection reviews - Operational protection security DSA: - What-if studies - Operational N-1 security - remedial actions - Prooving planned switching past RTU / SCADA measurements existing new features Page 6 SCADA/EMS applic.: - Switching states - stat. N-1 - Short circuit - Actual time Operational Horizon Day ahead planning Load forecast Outage scheduling future
Share of renewable resources is increasing Example Germany Renewable energy share in total electric power 2011 actual 21,8 % 2022 target 35 % (also: shutdown of all nuclear power plants) 2030 target 50 % 2040 target 65 % 2050 target 80 % Reduction of power consumption (compared to 2008) 2020 target 10% 2050 target 25% Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (compared to 1990) 2020 target 40% 2030 target 55% 2040 target 70% Page 7
Trial and Error Approach to determine required wind curtailment
V @ wind PCC (pu) t (s) P wind (MW) df (mhz) 200 Required wind power curtailment Maximum wind power that can be lost without violating the system security criteria Without curtailment With unsuccessful curtailment With successful curtailment Security criteria / generator characteristic t (s) t (s) -200 I @ ENTSO-E interconnection (ka) t (s)
Security aspects Voltage Stability Small signal stability Angle Energy margin Maximum frequency deviation Frequency recovery time Frequency gradient Dynamic voltage Quasi-steady-state voltage Fault ride through Line power flow Load shedding Transformer power flow Nodal loading Voltage Stability Index (VSI) Small Signal Stability Index (SSSI) Angle Index (AI) Energy Margin Index (EMI) Maximum Frequency Deviation Index (MFDI) Frequency Recovery Time Index (FRTI) Frequency Gradient Index (FGI) Dynamic Voltage Index (DVI) Quasi-Steady-State Voltage Index (QSVI) Fault Ride Through Index (VRTI) Line Power flow Index (LPFI) Load Shedding Index (LSI) Transformer Power Flow Index (TPFI) Nodal Loading Index (NLI) Page 10
Power System security Page 11
Power System security Past operation - interactive results visualization - from aggregated information towards highly detailed expert knowledge Current operating point Future states Page 12
Summary DSA can be adjusted to meet specific requirements The adjustment can be with regard to speed, accuracy, single / multiple security aspects, phenomena of interest Trial and error approach to finding required wind curtailment can be incorporated It can be time consuming, but ultimately leads to a suitable solution Application under strict time constraints require more processing power or process optimization Page 13