: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF A PNEUMATIC AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE LIFTER. ALIYU UMARU 2003/15533EM DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY.MINNA, NIGER STATE.. NOVEMBER, 2008.
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PNEUMATIC AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE LIFTER. ALIYU UMARU 2003/15533EM. PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL LFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD F BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B. ENG) DEGREE IN CHANICAL ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE. NOVEMBER, 2008. 11
DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project work was absolutely conducted by me, Aliyu Umaru. Under close. supervision of Engr. S.N Mohammed of the mechanical Engineering, Federal University of hnology, Minna, Niger state during 2007/2008 academic session. 2D - ~() - Q.bO g Date III
CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project titled, "Design, Construction and Testing of a Pneumatic omobile Vehicle lifter" was carried out by me Aliyu Umaru. Under close supervision of Engr. S.N. ammed and submitted to the Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of hnology,minna, in partial fulfillment, of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering ng.) degree in Mechanical Engineering........'6.-.... r. S.N. Mohammed ect Supervisor Date R.H. Khan D. Mech. Engineering Date nal Examiner Date.. t IV
DEDICATION This project is dedicated to Almighty Allah for His total guidance through out this degree ramme and his beloved prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Also to my late father Aliyu Babantada and brother Abubakar Yabagi Aliyu may their soul rest in perfect peace (Ameen). It also dedicated to most wonderful mum in the whole world Hajiya Fatima Aliyu, Brother Muhammad Baba Aliyu and II my loved ones. Thank you all for your moral and financial support. :. v
AKNOWLEDGEMENT. Glory is to Almighty Allah for his love, mercy, divine health and protection for making this elude project work and programme a successful one. Firstly, my profound gratitude goes to my dear mother Hajiya Fatimatu Aliyu, brother ham mad Baba Aliyu and the entire members of late Alhaji Aliyu Babantada's family for their yers, moral and financial support from the beginning to ending of this programme. I would also like to appreciate the effort of my able supervisor Emir. S.N. Mohammed he is a er, an unele and also my lecturer for his correction, direction, Brilliant advice and criticism which made this project work a huge success. His contribution to the success of this project will ever ain fresh in my memory. I will be indebted if I can not appreciate the contributions of my lecturers in the department R.H.Khan (H.OD Mechanical Engineering Department), Dr. O.K.Abubakre, Engr. Abdulan Salawu, Engr. Nasiru, Dr. O.J. Abu, Engr. M.B. Ndaliman, Engr. K.C. Bala, Dr. O.V. agwu and others that I may not be able to mention I pray for Allah guidance through all your eavour. Finally, I will use this opportunity to acknowledge my invaluable friends and colleagues for their ern, encouragement and moral support especially Muh'd Umar Chado, Anas Ibrahim Alfa, Aliyu akar, Hauwa A. Shafii, Peter Odume, Yakubu A. Minin, Alori Joseph, Abdullahi Ndaliman, Baba h'd, Prince Will E. Madueke, Maharajah N. Muh'd and all my well wishers. VI
ABSTRACT The Pneumatic jack Uack lifter) system for Automobile vehicles provides a quick and safe ns of lifting tyres off the ground for replacement of spare or rotating the tyres on a automobile cle. And also for other mechanical work that may be required to be done under the vehicle. The t lift system consist of a housing (cylinder) through the piston is able to slide freely in it. A ram ed to the piston in the cylinder and the lifting arms are connected to the arm. The piston is to move through the transport of air from the air compressor which passes through the hose into inder. Control valve at the entry and exit make the air perform works as a lift. VII
T ABLE OF CONTENT page... 1 page... 11,0' r laration..................................iii page... IV leagerneru................................. VI ct...................................... vii e of content......................................... viii lature................................................ xii of figures............ xiv tables............. xv................................................... 1. and Objectives... 2 cope and Limitations................... 2 pter two 'terature Review...................... 3.. f of Automobile lifters... 5 Rack and Lever jacks......................... 6 Hydraulic jack................................ 6 Mechanic screw jack...... 6., Pneumatic lifter................................ 6 vantages of Pneum atic lifter over other forms of lifter................... 7 Vlll
apter three O. (Methodology) Design Considerations And Calculations...... 8 1. Design Consideration............................. 8 1.1. Material selecti on........ 8 1.2. Cost effectiveness.......................................... 8 1.3. POitability......................... 8 1,4, Operational Factor.... 8 1.5. Maintenance........... 8 1.6. Operational ManuaL... 9 2. Theoretical Background............................. 9 2. 1. Effect of Pressure........ 9 2.2. Volume of Air, Mechanical Advantage, Velocity Ratio and Efficiency........ 9 3. Stress Analysis in Thick wall cylinder............... 10 3. 1. Stress Distribution for Tangential and Radial stresses.......... 12.3.2. Axial stress and strain...14.3.3. Shear stress in the cylinder....14.3.4. Yielding in the cylinder............ 15.3.5. Determination of Wall Thickness of Wall Cylinder... 15,4. Buckling of Column...17.4.1. Analysis of critical force... 17.5. Cantilever with a Uni fo rmly Distributed Load... 20.6. Design Calculation............. 21.6.1. Automobile lift capacity.......................... 21.6.1.1. Working Pressure...... 22.6.1.2. Pressure Force in the system... 22.6. 1.3. Tangential and Radial stress on the Cylinder...... 22 IX
6.1.4. Yielding in the Cylinder.................. 23 6.1.S :'Thickness, Area and Volume of the Cylinder... 24 6.1.6. Critical load to cause Buckling on the Ram......... 25 6.1.7.. Area, Volume of Ram and Piston.......................... 26 6.1.8. Velocity Ratio, Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency.............. 26 6.1.9 'Bending Moment of the Lifting Arm (Fork).............,...,...,... 27 hapter four. O. Material Selection, Constructional Procedure, Result and Discussion and Cost Analysis... 28 1. Material selection..............,...,...,...,... "...,...... 28 2. Constructional Procedure........................ 29 2.1 Cylinder........................... 29 2.2. Top and Bottom Cylinder Cover...................... 30 2.3. Piston and Ram........,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,.,....................... 31 2.4. Base Plate.................................................... 32 2.5. Cylinder Support Bracket....................................... 33 2.6. Arm Support Bracket...................................... 34 2.7. Arm Bracket............................. 34 3. Control Flow Valves and Seals.......................... 34 3.1. Dynamic seals............................................... 34 3.2. Heise....................... 35 4. Assemblage Procedure............................ 35 5. Perfo nllance and Testing....................................... 35.6. Result and Discussion.................................. 36 7. CosfAnalysis.............................. 36.7.1. Material Cost............................................... 37 x
7.2. Labour Cost...................... 38 7.3. Overhead Cost... 38 8. Ge neral Maintenance Guideline...38 ha pter Five.. Conclusion..................................... 40 1. Recommendation....................................... 40! P1',"rp1nf'P... 41... 42 Xl