SUPERCAPACITORS: TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS AND GLOBAL MARKETS EGY068B February 2015 Margareth Gagliardi Project Analyst ISBN: 1-62296-035-1 BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA 866-285-7215 (toll-free within the USA), or (+1) 781-489-7301 www.bccresearch.com information@bccresearch.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE 3 SCOPE OF REPORT 4 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 5 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 6 ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 7 BCC RESEARCH WEBSITE 8 DISCLAIMER 8 CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, THROUGH 2019 ($ SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, 2012-2019 ($ 11 11 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 13 ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES AND SUPERCAPACITORS 13 TABLE 1 ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES, 2014 13 CAPACITORS 13 BATTERIES 14 SUPERCAPACITORS 14 COMPARISON OF ENERGY STORAGE CAPABILITY 14 Ragone Plot 15 TABLE 2 CAPACITORS, SUPERCAPACITORS, BATTERIES: TYPICAL PROPERTIES, 2014 15 MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF SUPERCAPACITORS AND RECENT EVENTS 16 TABLE 3 SUPERCAPACITORS - TECHNOLOGICAL MILESTONES 16 FIGURE 1 SUPERCAPACITORS: WORLDWIDE PATENT APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS ISSUED, 1990-2013 CURRENT AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS FOR SUPERCAPACITORS 18 TABLE 4 CURRENT AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 18 ELECTRONICS 18 TABLE 5 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR, 2014 19 TRANSPORTATION 20 TABLE 6 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR, 2014 20 ENERGY 21 TABLE 7 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR, 2014 21 SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION 21 TABLE 8 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION SECTOR, 2014 MEDICAL 22 TABLE 9 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE MEDICAL SECTOR, 2014 22 17 22 CHAPTER 4 TECHNOLOGY 24 INTRODUCTION 24
MATERIALS, TYPES AND FABRICATION PROCESS 24 BASIC SUPERCAPACITOR CONFIGURATION AND MATERIALS 24 Electrodes 24 Carbon Electrodes 24 Polymer Electrodes 25 Metal Oxide Electrodes 25 Electrodes from Semiconducting Nanostructures 25 Composite Electrodes 25 Nomenclature 26 Symmetric and Asymmetric EDLCs 26 Supercapacitor/Battery Hybrid Devices 27 Separator 27 Electrolyte 27 Organic Electrolytes 27 Aqueous Electrolytes 28 TABLE 10 TYPICAL MATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 28 Capacitor Design Optimization 29 FABRICATION PROCESS 30 Monopolar Cell 30 Bipolar Cell 30 LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, 2012 TO PRESENT 31 FLEXIBLE GRAPHENE SUPERCAPACITOR 31 HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICRO-SUPERCAPACITORS 31 EDLC ELECTRODES BASED ON CELLULOSE FIBERS 32 MAGNETICALLY MODIFIED MANGANESE DIOXIDE ELECTRODES FOR ASYMMETRIC SUPERCAPACITORS GRAPHENE-BASED SCREEN-PRINTABLE INK FOR SUPERCAPACITORS 33 SUPERCAPACITOR FIBERS 34 EDLC ELECTRODES MADE FROM HEMP FIBERS 35 SUPERCAPACITORS FROM CRUMPLED GRAPHENE 35 OTHER RELEVANT R&D ACTIVITIES 36 TABLE 11 OTHER RELEVANT R &D ACTIVITIES, 2014 36 33 CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL MARKETS 39 ANALYSIS OUTLINE 39 GLOBAL MARKET SUMMARY 39 TABLE 12 SUPERCAPACITORS: CURRENT MARKET AND FORECAST, THROUGH 2019 ($ FIGURE 2 SUPERCAPACITORS: CURRENT MARKET AND FORECAST, 2012-2019 ($ CURRENT MARKET STATUS 41 CURRENT MARKET SUMMARY 41 TABLE 13 CURRENT MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, THROUGH 2014 ($ 42 FIGURE 3 CURRENT MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, 2012-2014 ($ 42 REVENUES BY SUPERCAPACITOR TYPE 42 TABLE 14 SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY TYPE, 2014 ($ MILLIONS/%) 43 FIGURE 4 SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2014 (%) 43 REVENUES BY APPLICATION 44 41 41
TABLE 15 SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY APPLICATION, 2014 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 5 SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION, 2014 (%) 44 REVENUES BY REGION 45 TABLE 16 SUPERCAPACITORS: REVENUES BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ 46 FIGURE 6 SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2014 (%) 46 MARKET GROWTH TRENDS 47 INDUSTRY GROWTH 47 Electronics 47 General Semiconductor Industry 47 TABLE 17 SEMICONDUCTORS: REVENUES BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) 47 Mobile Phones 48 TABLE 18 FORECAST - MOBILE PHONES AND SMARTPHONES: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) Portable Computers and E-Book Readers 48 TABLE 19 FORECAST - PORTABLE COMPUTERS AND E-BOOK READERS: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) Digital Cameras 49 Appliances and Home Improvement Electronics 49 Safety and Security 50 TABLE 20 FORECAST - SAFETY AND SECURITY: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) Other Emerging Applications in Electronics 50 Digital Signage 50 Smart Cards 51 Wearable Electronics 51 Transportation 51 General Automotive Industry 51 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 51 TABLE 21 FORECAST - ELECTRIC VEHICLES: GLOBAL DEMAND, THROUGH 2019 (THOUSANDS UNITS) Energy 52 Wind Turbines 52 TABLE 22 FORECAST - WIND TURBINES: GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2019 53 Photovoltaic Modules 53 TABLE 23 FORECAST - PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES: GLOBAL PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (MW) FIGURE 7 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES: PRODUCTION SHARE BY TYPE, 2019 (%) 54 Flexible Solar Cells 55 Fuel Cells 55 Thermoelectric Devices 55 Uninterruptible Power Supplies 56 Electrical Grids 56 Sensors and Instrumentation 56 TABLE 24 FORECAST - PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) Medical 57 TABLE 25 FORECAST: DEFIBRILLATORS AND CARDIAC PACEMAKERS: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) 44 48 49 50 52 54 57 57
Portable and Wearable Medical Devices 58 TECHNOLOGICAL AND PRICE TRENDS 58 Trends in the Energy and Environmental Sectors 58 Trends in the Electronics Sector 59 Trends in Printed Electronics 59 Trends in Power Electronics 59 Price Trends 60 TABLE 26 UNIT PRICE FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, 1985-2014 60 Other Trends 60 REGIONAL TRENDS 61 MARKET FORECAST 61 REVENUES BY SUPERCAPACITOR TYPE 61 TABLE 27 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL-REVENUES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ FIGURE 8 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2019 (%) 62 REVENUES BY APPLICATION 63 TABLE 28 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2019 ($ FIGURE 9 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION, 2019 (%) REVENUES BY REGION 64 TABLE 29 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: REVENUES BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ FIGURE 10 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2019 (%) 65 62 63 64 65 CHAPTER 6 GLOBAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 68 MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS 68 TABLE 30 MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 68 TABLE 31 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS BY TYPE, 2014 71 TABLE 32 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS BY TYPE AND REGION, 2014 FIGURE 11 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS: DISTRIBUTION BY COMPANY SIZE AND REGION, 2014 (NUMBER OF COMPANIES) FIGURE 12 HISTORICAL GROWTH OF SUPPLIERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 (NUMBER OF COMPANIES) OTHER PLAYERS IN THE SUPERCAPACITOR INDUSTRY 76 TABLE 33 OTHER RELEVANT PLAYERS IN THE SUPERCAPACITOR INDUSTRY, 2014 76 COMPANY PROFILES 77 AVX 78 CAP-XX 79 ELNA 80 ELTON 81 LS MTRON 82 MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES 83 NESSCAP 84 NEC TOKIN 85 NICHICON 87 NIPPON CHEMI-CON 88 PANASONIC 88 74 74 75
SAMWHA ELECTRIC 90 SANDVIK MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 91 SEIKO 92 SHIZUKI ELECTRIC 92 CHAPTER 7 PATENT ANALYSIS 95 INTRODUCTION 95 SUMMARY OF PATENTS AWARDED FROM 2012 THROUGH 2014 95 TABLE 34 SUPERCAPACITORS - U.S. PATENTS, 2014 96 TABLE 35 SUPERCAPACITORS - U.S. PATENTS, 2013 108 TABLE 36 SUPERCAPACITORS - U.S. PATENTS, 2012 114 GENERAL TRENDS 119 TABLE 37 SUPERCAPACITORS: U.S. PATENT TRENDS, 2012-2014 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) FIGURE 13 SUPERCAPACITORS: U.S. PATENT TRENDS, 2012-2014 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) TRENDS BY COUNTRY AND REGION 120 FIGURE 14 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY REGION, 2012-2014 (%) FIGURE 15 SUPERCAPACITORS: U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 122 TRENDS BY ASSIGNEE 123 TABLE 38 SUPERCAPACITORS: ASSIGNEES OF U.S. PATENTS, 2012-2014 124 FIGURE 16 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ORGANIZATION TYPE, TRENDS BY PATENT CATEGORY 127 FIGURE 17 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY CATEGORY, TRENDS BY APPLICATION 129 FIGURE 18 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY APPLICATION, TRENDS BY SUPERCAPACITOR TYPE 130 FIGURE 19 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY TYPE, 131 FIGURE 20 CARBON-BASED SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY TYPE, 120 120 121 127 128 130 132
LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, THROUGH 2019 ($ TABLE 1 ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES, 2014 13 TABLE 2 CAPACITORS, SUPERCAPACITORS, BATTERIES: TYPICAL PROPERTIES, 2014 15 TABLE 3 SUPERCAPACITORS - TECHNOLOGICAL MILESTONES 16 TABLE 4 CURRENT AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 18 TABLE 5 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR, 2014 19 TABLE 6 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR, 2014 20 TABLE 7 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR, 2014 21 TABLE 8 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION SECTOR, 2014 TABLE 9 SUPERCAPACITORS IN THE MEDICAL SECTOR, 2014 22 TABLE 10 TYPICAL MATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 28 TABLE 11 OTHER RELEVANT R &D ACTIVITIES, 2014 36 TABLE 12 SUPERCAPACITORS: CURRENT MARKET AND FORECAST, THROUGH 2019 ($ TABLE 13 CURRENT MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, THROUGH 2014 ($ 42 TABLE 14 SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY TYPE, 2014 ($ MILLIONS/%) 43 TABLE 15 SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY APPLICATION, 2014 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 16 SUPERCAPACITORS: REVENUES BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ 46 TABLE 17 SEMICONDUCTORS: REVENUES BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) 47 TABLE 18 FORECAST - MOBILE PHONES AND SMARTPHONES: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 19 FORECAST - PORTABLE COMPUTERS AND E-BOOK READERS: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 20 FORECAST - SAFETY AND SECURITY: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 21 FORECAST - ELECTRIC VEHICLES: GLOBAL DEMAND, THROUGH 2019 (THOUSANDS UNITS) TABLE 22 FORECAST - WIND TURBINES: GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2019 53 TABLE 23 FORECAST - PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES: GLOBAL PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (MW) TABLE 24 FORECAST - PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 25 FORECAST: DEFIBRILLATORS AND CARDIAC PACEMAKERS: GLOBAL REVENUES, THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 26 UNIT PRICE FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, 1985-2014 60 TABLE 27 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL-REVENUES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2019 ($ TABLE 28 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: GLOBAL REVENUES BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2019 ($ TABLE 29 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: REVENUES BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 ($ TABLE 30 MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 68 TABLE 31 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS BY TYPE, 2014 71 TABLE 32 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS BY TYPE AND REGION, 2014 TABLE 33 OTHER RELEVANT PLAYERS IN THE SUPERCAPACITOR INDUSTRY, 2014 76 11 22 41 44 48 49 50 52 54 57 57 62 63 65 74
TABLE HEADING TABLE 34 SUPERCAPACITORS - U.S. PATENTS, 2014 96 TABLE 35 SUPERCAPACITORS - U.S. PATENTS, 2013 108 TABLE 36 SUPERCAPACITORS - U.S. PATENTS, 2012 114 TABLE 37 SUPERCAPACITORS: U.S. PATENT TRENDS, 2012-2014 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) TABLE 38 SUPERCAPACITORS: ASSIGNEES OF U.S. PATENTS, 2012-2014 124 120
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, 2012-2019 ($ FIGURE 1 SUPERCAPACITORS: WORLDWIDE PATENT APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS ISSUED, 1990-2013 FIGURE 2 SUPERCAPACITORS: CURRENT MARKET AND FORECAST, 2012-2019 ($ FIGURE 3 CURRENT MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITORS, 2012-2014 ($ 42 FIGURE 4 SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2014 (%) 43 FIGURE 5 SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION, 2014 (%) 44 FIGURE 6 SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2014 (%) 46 FIGURE 7 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES: PRODUCTION SHARE BY TYPE, 2019 (%) 54 FIGURE 8 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY TYPE, 2019 (%) 62 FIGURE 9 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY APPLICATION, 2019 (%) FIGURE 10 FORECAST - SUPERCAPACITORS: MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2019 (%) 65 FIGURE 11 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS: DISTRIBUTION BY COMPANY SIZE AND REGION, 2014 (NUMBER OF COMPANIES) FIGURE 12 HISTORICAL GROWTH OF SUPPLIERS OF SUPERCAPACITORS, 2014 (NUMBER OF COMPANIES) FIGURE 13 SUPERCAPACITORS: U.S. PATENT TRENDS, 2012-2014 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) FIGURE 14 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY REGION, 121 FIGURE 15 SUPERCAPACITORS: U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 122 FIGURE 16 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ORGANIZATION TYPE, FIGURE 17 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY CATEGORY, 2012-2014 (%) FIGURE 18 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY APPLICATION, FIGURE 19 SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY TYPE, 131 FIGURE 20 CARBON-BASED SUPERCAPACITORS: SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY TYPE, 11 17 41 64 74 75 120 127 128 130 132