Transportation Options for SSP IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop Huntsville, AL 11-13 December 2018 Dallas Bienhoff Founder & Space Architect dallas.bienhoff@csdc.space 571-232-4554 571-459-2660
Transportation Options for SSP SSP Concepts Launch Vehicles Orbit Transfer Propulsion and Attitude Control 1 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop CSDC November 2018 12/11-13/2018
NASA 1978 SSP Study Reference Concepts 2 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
2009 Solaren Co-Orbiting SSP http://www.solarenspace.com/our-company/our-story/ 3 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
John Mankins 2012 SPS-Alpha Credit: John Mankins 4 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
SPS Concepts Comparison Characteristic 1978 Reference Solaren SPS-Alpha Power to Grid (GW) 5 0.20 2 Reflecting structure (km) N/A 0.5 radius 3 x 5 Solar Array (km) 10.4 x 5.3 TBD 1.2 D Transmitting Antenna Diameter (km) 1 1 1.2 D Mass (mt) 34,000 51,000 136 204* 34,814 Receiving Antenna Dimensions (km) 10 x 13 2.5 7 x 9 *Based on patent claim that concept removes 90% of structural mass and 1/25 power 5 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Transportation Options for SSP SSP Concepts Launch Vehicles Orbit Transfer Propulsion and Attitude Control 6 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop CSDC November 2018 12/11-13/2018
1978 SSP Studies Transportation Overview 7 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
1978 SSP Cargo Launch Vehicle Two-Stage reusable VTHL LOx/CH4 Booster LOx/LH Orbiter 11,040 mt Gross Lift Off Mass 424 mt payload to LEO 8 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
1978 SSP Personnel Launch Vehicle Partially reusable two-stage VTHL Fly-back LOx/CH4 booster Expendable LOx/LH external tank Space Shuttle Orbiter 75 passenger module 9 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
SpaceX Falcon Heavy Partially reusable 63.8 mt to LEO 26.7 mt to GEO $90 133M $1,410 2,084/kg to LEO $3,371 4,981/kg to GEO Credit: SpaceX 10 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
SpaceX Super Heavy with Starship Reusable TSTO w VTVL & HL 100 mt to LEO 100 mt to GEO with refueling 31 Raptors (LOx/CH4) 61.87M Newtons thrust 330 s specific impulse 3,065 mt gross mass $7M launch price (NextBigFuture.com) Credit: SpaceX 11 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Blue Origin New Glenn Partially reusable LOx/LNG and LOx/LH propellants 45 mt to LEO 7 m fairing In development Credit: Blue Origin 12 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Blue Origin New Armstrong Bigger than New Glenn Comparable to SpaceX Super Heavy / Starship? Nothing available in public domain 13 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Vulcan Stratolaunch Partially Reusable In development Airplane conducting taxi tests MLV 3,400 kg to LEO HMLV 6,000 kg to LEO Spaceplane Medium class payload 2-3 people Under study Credit: Stratolaunch 14 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Reaction Engines Skylon Reusable HTHL SSTO SABRE propulsion Air-breathing to Mach 5 Rocket from Mach 5 to orbit Air/LH then LOx/LH 12 mt to LEO SABRE in development Credit: Reaction Engines, Ltd. Inlet cooler successfully demonstrated 15 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
NASA Space Launch System Expendable Solid and LOx/LH propellants 70 130 mt to LEO 26 37 mt to translunar injection 45 mt to heliocentric orbit 8.4 m fairing 2 to 3 launches per year Credit: NASA 16 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Solar Power Satellite Launches* to LEO Launch Vehicle 1978 Reference 34,000 51,000 MT Solaren 136 204 MT SPS-Alpha 34,814 MT 1978 Reference Cargo Launch Vehicle 81 121 1 83 Falcon Heavy (63.8 mt) 533 800 3 4 546 Super Heavy / Starship (100 mt) 340 510 2 3 348 New Glenn (45 mt) 756 1,134 4 5 774 New Armstrong (TBA) TBD TBD TBD Vulcan Stratolaunch MLV-H (6 mt) 5,667 8,500 23 34 5,800 Skylon (12 mt) 2,833 4,250 12 17 2,900 Space Launch System 2B (130 mt) 262 393 2 268 *For SPS only; LEO infrastructure, transfer vehicles and propellant excluded 17 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Transportation Options for SSP SSP Concepts Launch Vehicles Orbit Transfer Propulsion and Attitude Control 18 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop CSDC November 2018 12/11-13/2018
1978 SSP Reusable Cryogenic Transfer Vehicle Two-stage Personnel & high priority cargo 151 mt to GEO / 55 mt return 36 mt 160 person passenger module 111 mt cargo module 4 mt flight control module 230 mt LOx/LH per stage 30 mt stage inert 19 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
1978 SSP Solar Electric Cargo Transfer Vehicle 296 309 MW electric Si / GaAlAs solar cells Electron bombardment thrusters 7,000 / 13,000 s Isp 935 / 212 mt argon propellant 160 / 180 day roundtrip 4,000 / 3,469 mt payload 1,206 / 715 mt dry mass 20 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
ULA ACES Reusable all propulsive tug 68 mt LOx/LH ~9 mt inert mass 460 s I sp dv 4,330 m/s LEO GEO 4,330 m/s GEO LEO ~10 mt payload to GEO Credit: ULA 21 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
CSDC EML1 Space Tug Reusable aeroassisted tug 46.7 61.2 mt propellant 5.4 8.1 mt inert 450 s Isp Delta V 4,330 m/s LEO GEO 2,060 m/s GEO LEO Credit: Versteeg 8.2 7.0 mt payload 22 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
SpaceX Starship 100 mt payload 1100 mt propellant 860 mt LOx 240 mt CH4 85 mt inert 13.9M Newtons thrust 380 s specific impulse 11 Super Heavy s to refuel 23 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Solar Electric Propulsion Today Hybrid Mars transfer vehicle 400 kw solar electric Hall Effect Thrusters Xenon propellant 3,000 s I sp Operates between Moon and Mars Credit: Boeing Low thrust and high drag not a good combination in LEO 24 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Atomos Nuclear Electric Space Tug Reusable 15-year life Low enriched nuclear fission reactor 2 MW electric / 6 MW thermal Large high-temperature radiators needed Electric propulsion (not disclosed) 5 mt reactor system mass In early development 25 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Solar Power Satellite GEO Transfer Missions Launch Vehicle 1978 Ref 34,000 51,000 MT Solaren 136 204 MT SPS-Alpha 34,814 MT Prop / Trip (mt) 1978 Study COTV 1 (3,469 mt) 10 15 1 11 212 1978 Study COTV 2 (4,000 mt) 9 13 1 9 985 1978 Study POTV (151 / 55 mt / 160 personnel) Falcon Heavy to GEO (26.7 MT) 1,274 1,910 6 8 1,304 N/A ULA ACES (10 mt) 3,400 14 21 3,480 68 CSDC EML1 Space Tug (7 8.3 mt) 4,097 7,286 17 30 4,971 4,193 46.6 61.2 SpaceX Starship (100 mt) 340 2 3 348 1,100 Current Solar Electric Space Tug Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Atomos NEP Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 520 26 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Transportation Options for SSP SSP Concepts Launch Vehicles Orbit Transfer Propulsion and Attitude Control 27 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop CSDC November 2018 12/11-13/2018
Launch Vehicle and Orbit Transfer Engines and Thrusters Launch Vehicles Air/LH, LOx/CH4, LOx/LH and LOx/LNG Staged combustion, full-flow staged combustion, tap-off combustion, expander SABRE Orbit Transfer Vehicles LOx/CH4 or LOx/LH Staged & full-flow staged combustion, expander Electron Bombardment Electron Bombardment Hall Effect Undefined Hall Effect 28 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Attitude Control Thrusters 1978 Reference 64 Electron Bombardment thrusters 13N 1,250 kw each 13,000 s I sp Cryogenic argon propellant Thrusters located at corners 5 year MTBF >5000 hrs operating life Solaren Undefined Collecting and reflecting mirrors constantly rotate to point sunlight to generator SPS-Alpha Gravity gradient Solar electric 29 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop
Questions / Discussion New Armstrong 30 IEEE WiSEE 2018 SSP Workshop