WP3 Demand LCR Conference 2013 Llandudno, 5 th -6 th November 2013 Richard P. Lewis Swansea University LCR RESEARCH NSTTUTE
Overview Work Package 3 (Demand) ntroduction Current distribution, potential for Case Studies WSA Office Solar charging Moving forward: Smarter
SOLCER Systems and Components
Demand Components Smart Appliances, their energy signatures and models Active demand management Active distribution network Smart(er) energy networks and energy balancing
Current distribution in the home AC Supply AC AC AC Appliance Appliance Multiple Supplies operating at low load, poor efficiency? AC- AC- Converter AC- Converter AC- Converter AC- Converter AC- Converter Converter Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance
distribution in the home? AC Supply AC- Converter Can a Single converter / supply achieve a higher efficiency? AC AC Appliance AC Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance Appliance
Efficiency Efficiency mproving efficiency with multi-stage converters Power Demand Single stage converter Current scenario Many small converters operating across wide dynamic range Power Demand Multi-stage converter Centralised converter can provide staged power delivery
Case Study: WSA Office 1 kw Wind Generator 350 W Photovoltaic Panels 4 x 12 Deep Cycle Batteries 48 Bank, 105 Ah Capacity 6 x 22 W 1500 mm LED tubes Nettop PC, T, Fridge, Desk Lamp, Laptop Charger
Case Study: WSA Office Considerations Battery bank charged from renewables only Use of PLC to automate switchover to backup AC supply Configurable threshold for battery discharge level enables optimisation for extending battery lifetime / reserve. Metering all major interconnections to fully access performance over time
WSA Office System Wiring Diagram Roof Distribution and control enclosures in office 3 core 32A mains / switchgear cable Roof to Office Cable Run sockets / LEDs G ~ Wind Generator Assembly 3 core 32A mains / switchgear cable 2 x cable Charge Controller PLC RELAY DODE + CAP. LED Drivers 48-12v - LEDS Appliances ME Nemo D4- Earth Locally 3 core mains 1A 2 core communication + Earth Enclosure (roof mount) AC Meter AC- backup Supply 48v Logger USB-RS485 PC
WSA Office System Wiring Diagram 1 1kW Wind Generator G ~ 3 core 32A mains / switchgear cable Roof to Office Cable Run 3 core 32A mains / switchgear cable Char Wind Generator Assembly Metering 350 W P ME Nemo D4- Earth Locally 2 x cable 3 core mains 1A 2 core communication + Earth TO OFFCE Enclosure (roof mount) External Monitoring close to source Logge USB-RS48 PC
Battery 2-Pole solator40a WSA Office System Wiring Diagram 2 e Cable Run A mains ar cable Wind 3-Pole solator Charge Controller PLC cable FROM ROOF ains 1A nication + Earth P 2-Pole solator 16A Metering Monitoring TO DSTRBUTON Metering Logger AC Meter AC- backup Supply 48v AC
FROM CHARGE CONTROLER WSA Office System Wiring Diagram 3 Metering PLC RELAY 2x Solid State Relay DODE + CAP. 48 DSTRBUTON Metering Metering ly AC Meter AC- backup Supply 48v
WSA nitial System Testing AC Monitor CONTROL LOG AC AC- Monitor - Monitor CONTROL LOG TRANSMT
WSA initial System wiring
PLC Control unit configuration Switchover Relays nput from Battery Cells Battery oltage Calculation Light Switches Display Control Auto occupancy Override
PLC Control unit configuration
Case Study: Solar Charging Currently in scoping stage, Estates / Library + other to fund project Green seats in library indicate power coming from renewable P Total size of P ~8kW for 300 devices Battery sizing still under consideration Not all sockets in use at the same time Roof for P Recent Plant nstallation has potential space for batteries
Case Study: Solar Charging P String P String Phone Phone Phone Phone Phone Protection Diode Protection Diode Regulator(s) Meter Cabling Charge Controller AC AC Meter Meter Backup AC- Supply Battery Bank Switchover Relay Protection Diode Capacitor Controller 19
How much power do we need? 10% iphone = 5 W <1% Samsung Galaxy S4 = 7.5 W 50% Nokia / Tiny phones = 2.5 W Assume 10 W per phone (power density of phones increasing) So 10 times the amount of Watts for the number of phones you want to charge. 20
How much sun do we have? Perfect world without weather Reality for Swansea (2008-2012) General rule: if you want X Watt Hour every day you need 2.5 times X in P Peak 21
Moving forward: Smarter Control demand with notifications from distribution, storage and generation. Need for a common framework for communicating instantaneous / short term energy capacity and requirements. A truly Smart Grid starts with understanding the dynamics of demand
Acknowledgements Team at WSA, Cardiff Phil Jones, Jo Patterson, Huw Jenkins, Simon Lannon, Enrico Crobu Team at ES, Swansea Petar gic, Richard Lewis, Steve Batcup, Zhongfu Zhou, Meghdad Fazeli Team at CSER, Glyndwr Stuart rvine, incent Barrioz, Steve Jones, David Black Team at Hydrogen Centre