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Blockchain Outlook Enterprise Adoption Deloitte 2018 survey of senior executives Executives with a broad understanding of blockchain will invest significantly 1 40%+ has blockchain as a top 5 strategic priority 70%+ are in or are likely to join a blockchain consortium with competitors ~40% will invest $5 million or more over the next year 50%+ are engaging suppliers, customers or both in their blockchain strategy 1 This survey was commissioned by Deloitte and conducted online between March 26th and April 5th, 2018. The survey polled a sample of 1,053 senior executives in the seven countries (Canada, China, France, Germany, Mexico, United Kingdom, and the United States) at companies with $500 million or more in annual revenue. Respondents had at least a broad understanding of blockchain and were familiar with and able to comment on their company s blockchain investment plans. Copyright 2018 Deloitte Development LLC. All rights reserved. Blockchain Overview 13

Developing a blockchain platform for energy transaction on the grid to facilitate data analytics, smart grid management, and trading band investment decisions Developed blockchain smart metering solution to leverage the international donor market & receiving cryptocurrency payments directly to the meter Successfully conducted a project called Brooklyn Microgrid Project to trade energy between neighbors through blockchain-enabled microgrid Trialed a blockchain-based peer-to-peer solar energy trading to identify the ownership of energy and then to manage trading agreements PONTON Launched an application that incorporates smart meters, telecoms infrastructure and proprietary software Enables consumers to control appliances over the blockchain and internet in connected homes Focuses on fusing and connecting legacy, industrial infrastructure with blockchain The first European megawatt-hour energy trade using a blockchain platform, Enerchain, was executed by the Belgian Yuso and the Priogen Trading Developed Enerchain platform that allows to anonymously send energy trade orders though a trading screen without a marketplace operated by a third party Wien Energie is in partnership with BTL to conduct a pilot for gas trading to demonstrate how the BTL s Interbit blockchain platform can significantly drive down costs associated with energy trading Real time metering and bill payment Energy wholesale trading and settlement Market Activity Incentives, rewards & tokenization P2P energy trading & grid balancing Electric Vehicle charging and sharing Developed a blockchain platform that improves and increases the use of solar energy through incentivizing prosumers with cryptocurrency e.g., SolarCoin Exploring the opportunities in a blockchain solution that uses Sonnen home batteries to improve grid stability in the Netherlands and Germany Focusing on a digital, interactive P2P energy marketplace where supply and demand for selfgenerated energy converge Developed own hard- and software stacks to combine highest cyper security standards for their blockchain solution 1 of the 5 use-cases of their the tech is EV-charging Innogy is betting heavily on innovation through their innovation accelerator Free Electrons One of their bets has been on blockchain based EV-charging through the startup Share&Charge Share&Charge has tested its v1.0 solution extensively and is now looking to build v2.0 Developed a blockchain platform that enables energy producers to raise capital by issuing their own energy tokens

Industry Trend The industry transformation has ushered in a wave of distributed energy resources 1 (DER) on electric grids Revenue for Global Residential Distributed Energy Resources (Billions USD) $92,6 - Consumer demand is increasing 18.8% annually The gap between distributed and centralized generation capacity additions is closing year over year - By 2023, EIA estimates that the gap will decrease from 73% to 17% Small, self-sufficient electricity systems with their own generation and delivery capabilities, called microgrids, are emerging as alternative electricity providers for neighborhoods - New technologies, combined with real time data related to physical conditions and human behavior, are enabling significant reduction of their energy consumption, often with minimal incremental investment Blockchain has the opportunity to provide more secure and transparent services with lower cost through existing distributed energy resources and emerging new technologies % Split 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% $19,7 2016 2025 % of Centralized Generation Capacity Adds vs. Distributed Distributed Generation Capacity Additions Centralized Power Plant Capacity Additions 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 1. Distributed energy resources are any energy resources that are connected to the grid at the distribution level, and includes solar photovoltaics, energy storage, demand response, electric vehicle and chargers Sources: Deloitte Center for Energy Solutions Report, Goldman Sachs Report, Navigant Research, Energy Information Administration Report, Environmental Protection Agency

Major drivers to shift toward DER include Consumers demand for: - Energy independence from the electricity grid controlled by utility companies - DER does not require transmission and distribution investment the cost of electricity is estimated to be one third of the cost of retail (varies by utility) Global demand for: - Commitments to reduce carbon emissions by buying electricity from renewable energy sources Brooklyn Microgrid (BMG) Project Peer-to-peer energy market for locally generated renewable energy In April 2016, the first transactions occurred among neighbors who didn t have their own solar systems and those who produced excess solar electricity LO3 Energy implemented the blockchain-enabled microgrid in combination with Siemens Microgrid Management System to enable peer-to-peer energy trade DER and blockchain can establish the sharing economy Blockchain operates on top of the existing microgrid that has distributed energy resources - Promotes secure, traceable, and transparent energy trade between prosumers and consumers through immutable blockchain platform Variations of blockchain opportunities through distributed energy resources include: - P2P/B2B energy trade - Electric vehicle (EV) charging All the projects that we re working on are squarely focused on the emerging distributed economy, peer to peer concepts. LO3 Co-Founder, Lawrence Orsini Sources: Solar Experiment Lets Neighbors Trade Energy Among Themselves, NY Times, LO3 Energy, Goldman Sachs Report

Grid Singularity focusses on fast and correct information between producers and big consumers. Grid Singularity focusses on all sources of productions but only the big sources of consumptions Data storage Data on the machines producing energy Data on performed maintenances Data on produced energy Transact Buy and sell Data analytics Predictive maintenance Improve due diligence of production efficiency Smart Grids Decentralized application (DApp) to manage the electricity of a firm If trusted by the producers DApps of a firm could order electricity and active machine producing energy at the producer Producers Big Consumers Data analytics DApp

5 households produce energy thanks to their solar panels 5 households buy the surplus of produced energy Smart contract Manage flow of electricity Store history of produced energy and performed transactions

The challenge Nowadays, only the generation companies can produce energy for selling to other market participants. The cause is not the regulation, but the system structure in general. The response A platform where prosumers will be able to deal with the energy that they produce. The agreements will be peer to peer smart contracts where the price and the amount of energy will be specified. The payments will be done with a cryptocurrency. This information will be very secure and even, other market's participants will be able to see it, such as the system operator or the commercial companies.

Bob is a pioneer, he has purchased a storage battery to supply his home with electricity. Bob wants to share his accumulated energy with other people as he s storing more than he s using on a day-to-day basis. Bob decides to subscribe to a cooperative service to sell his energy back to the grid. His battery capacity is converted into tokens which he can exchange on the platform. The tokens can now be purchased by other people in exchange for Bob s energy. Bob has commercialized his energy storage, and can easily adjust how much energy he shares. If appropriate, payments to Bob can be automatically allocated using smart contracts, and disbursed directly based on energy demand. The value of each token floats in relation to the value of the energy minus storage fees which can be managed in a variety of ways. They can be bought and sold in real-time by different parties on the exchange. Derivatives can also be created easily.

The challenge One barrier for the current use of electric vehicles is the charging infrastructure. There aren t many points of charge and they are not well distributed. Besides, contracts are not clear and often, with just one company. The response The smart plug will permit a secure and scalable infrastructure. Everyone will be able to install a smart plug in their house. The agreements will be peer to peer smart contracts where the price and the amount of energy will be specified. The payments will be done with a cryptocurrency. This use case can be done with the same platform that the one used in the smart energy use case.

Solarcoins Incentivize a worldwide generation of solar electricity within the community irrespective of regional and political policies For individual households and commercial solar electricity producers The supply of new Solarcoins is planned for 40 years with a total generation of 97,500 TWh of solar energy Built on its own Blockchain administered by global SolarCoin users in 58 countries*. Can only be allocated from the granting mechanism by the SolarCoin Foundation (SCF) or bought or sold on the exchanges and markets. 1 MwH = 1 Solarcoin How to claim SolarCoins? Online account Submit claim Claims is screened SolarCoins granted SolarCoins are like frequent flyer miles for solar panels *Source: https://solarcoin.org/

WePower platform* Energy producers can finance renewable energy projects through the WePower platform The energy project is financed by issuing energy tokens, which users on the WePower platform can buy With these energy tokens users can either directly use the electricity or sell the right to use the electricity to other users Pilot with Estonian TSO elering Aim: Converting energy data into blockchain on a national scale Develop models for more effective integration for distributed green energy with the grid Pilot: Blockchain-based energy trading solution integration with Elerings Estfeed data platform. Allows for tokenization of real energy using Estonian hourly energy production/consumption data. Energy producers can use the WePower platform to issue tokens and get finance *Source: https://wepower.network/

Blockchain Capabilities Delivery Methodologies Platforms Core Ethereum core Ethereum Parity Ethereum Test RPC Ethereum Truffle Eris, by Monax Agile storytelling Agile development SCRUM Continuous Integration DevOps Sandboxes Ethereum Core development environment Ethereum Core Test and POC environment Multichain Test and POC environment IPFS BigChain DB Bitcoin Multichain Hyperledger Tech. ecosystems JIRA GIT Trello Dokuwiki Integration MEAN Stack MongoDB, Express, Angular NodeJS Web3 API Python Java Bitbucket Confluence Docker Linux Ubuntu Windows Server.NET