NAS batteries for Technical Challenges with Renewable Energy November, 2018 NGK INSULATORS, LTD. NAS is the trademark of NGK INSULATORS,LTD., registered in the U.S. 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 1
Contents 1. Outline of NGK Insulators, Ltd. 2. Structure and features of NAS Battery 3. NAS Battery Installations Around the World 4. Various applications of NAS Battery System - Wind Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift - Solar Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift - Frequency Control and Energy Time Shift - Hybrid Battery System 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 2
Outline of NGK Insulators, Ltd. Established Year Paid-in Capital Number of Employees Consolidated Subsidiaries Annual Net Sales 1919 in Nagoya, Japan (As the first Japanese manufacturer of ceramic insulators.) US$ 0.6 Bil (69.8 billion Yen) 18,737 (consolidated) 58 companies US$ 4.2 Bil (451 billion Yen) (as of March 2018, Consolidated) NGK's diversified products are based on ceramic material & manufacturing technologies. Electronics Power Business Ceramic Business Power Business Ceramics Business Electronics Business Business Process Technology Business Electronics Business Insulators for power transmission Honeycomb ceramics for automobile SAW filters Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment Electronic components NAS battery Diesel Particulate Filters drying systems 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 3
Structure of NAS Battery Cell Abundant material, Sodium and Sulfur. are used for active material of NAS Battery. Beta Alumina Ceramic Tube is the key part of NAS Battery. Discharge Load Sodium (Na) Beta Alumina Ceramic Sulfur(S) Na - Charge Power source Discharge Na + Charge + NA 2 S x Sulfur Negative Electrode Solid Positive Electrolytes Electrode (Beta Alumina) Cell Structure 2Na + xs Na 2 Sx Chemical Reaction Beta Alumina Ceramic 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 4
Structure of NAS Battery System Containerized system minimize the transportation and installation cost. NAS battery can be used at high temperature area because inside of Battery Module is high temperature. NAS Battery can be recycled after the end of battery life. + terminal - terminal Battery Cell - Pole(Sodium) Safety Tube Solid Electrolyte (Beta alumina) + Pole(Sulfur) 192 Battery Cells Fuse Fan/ Radiant Heat Duct Main Pole Sand Battery Module Thermally Insulated Lid Heater 6 NAS Battery Modules 20ft Container Controller Battery Container (200kW, 1200kWh) ( ()200(200kW,1200kWh) Containerized NAS Battery Units (800kW) Power Conversion System Battery System (800kW, 4800kWh) (800kW,4800kWh) 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 5
Features of NAS Battery Energy Storage Long Duration Can store energy up to 6 hours Compact Layout 3 times energy density compared to lead acid battery Fast Response Prompt response full power charge to discharge in 2 milliseconds High level of reliability Uses ceramic for electrolyte. No self discharge, superior long term durability High level of safety Multiple safety features and quality control incorporated to ensure safety Easy to install and relocating Plug & Play Containerized NAS Battery is available Easy Maintenance Minimal planned maintenance required. Remote operation 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 6
NAS Battery Installations Around the World Outstanding supply record in Large Scale Battery Energy Storage Total Installation Record of 560MW(4,000MWh) Annual Production Capacity 150MW(1GWh) Germany 4.8MW Germany 1MW Italy 35MW Abu Dhabi 108MW Japan 390MW Canada 1MW California 7MW New Mexico 1MW Texas 4MW West Virginia 7MW Minnesota 1MW New York 1MW Reunion Island (FR) 1MW Peak Shift Renewable, Grid Stabilization Frequency control Microgrid 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 7
Various applications of NAS Battery System NAS Batteries are used at renewable generation site, transmission line, substation and behind the meter (consumer). NAS Battery is useful for energy time shifting, stabilizing renewable energy, adjusting demand & supply and backup power supply. Wind Power Small Distribution Network (Off-grid, Islands) 離島 スマートグリッド Large-scale Power Plant Main Grid System Large-scale Renewable Energy Plant Solar Generator 発電所 Substation Scheduling Supply (Output Stabilization) Solar Transmission System Absorb Excess Energy Mitigation of transmission Congestion Wind 風力発電 Power Substation Distribution System Commercial Complex Distribution System Laboratory Peak Shifting Strengthen Energy Security (EPS,Countermeasure to Instantaneous Wind Power Factory Solar School Wastewater Treatment Plant Voltage Drop) Distribution System 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 8
Wind Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift Rokkasho Power MW Power MW NAS Battery absorb the fluctuation of output power from wind generator and time-shift the energy. Time Rokkasho Rokkasho Futamata Wind Farm in Japan Wind turbine 51MW NAS battery 34MW (224MWh) NAS Battery PCS Building Control Building 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 9
Charge Discharge Power kw 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 Wind Power Stabilization Xcel Energy 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 NAS Battery absorbs the fluctuation of output power from wind generator. The combined power from wind generator and NAS Battery is constant in 30 minutes time block. 1200 800 400 Delivered Wind Luverne, MN 0-400 -800 NAS power -1200 (Courtesy of Xcel Energy) Example of Leveling Wind Power NAS Battery system for Xcel Energy (1MW, COD 2008) (Courtesy of Xcel Energy) 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 10
Solar Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift Wakkanai NAS Battery absorb the fluctuation of output power from PV and time-shift the energy. Wakkanai PV: 5MW Output (kw) NAS Battery: 1.5MW Example of Operation pattern Time Financed by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 11
Solar Energy Time Shift Buzen, Kyushu Planned PV connections to the grid were suspended due to over-generation problem. The government of Japan decided to install large scale battery in a short project schedule. NAS battery (50MW/300MWh) was successfully deployed only in 10 months after order. Improving Demand-and-Supply balance of solar generation using large capacity energy storage. Start of Operation March 3, 2016 Store excess electricity from daytime. Discharge during nighttime Solar generation Demand Charge Discharge Buzen, Kyushu Non-Solar Generation 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 12
Power [kw] Power [kw] Power [kw] Power [kw] Solar Power Stabilization Los Alamos 5,000 Fluctuation of Load & PV power is leveled by NAS Battery. 4,750 Output power of NAS Battery is controlled by EMS to level Power Flow at Tie- 4,500 Line (connecting point of the internal feeder and the external power grid). 4,250 4,000 Power Flow at Tie-line 3,750 (Load & PV & NAS Battery) 3,500 5,000 3,250 Load & PV Power 4,750 3,000 4,500 2,750 4,250 2,500 4,000 2,250 3,750 2,000 3,500 1,750 3,250 1,500 3,000 1,250 2,750 1,000 2,500 NAS Battery PV 750 2,250 500 2,000 250 1,750 0 1,500-2506:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 1,250-500 1,000-750 750 2013/7/15-1,000 500 250 0 Load Total Load [kw] PV-P [kw] NAS-P_1 [kw] LAB-P [kw] Load-PV Load-PV-Battery Total Load [kw] PV-P [kw] NAS-P_1 [kw] LAB-P [kw] Load-PV Load-PV-Battery Los Alamos, NM NAS Battery system for Los Alamos (1MW, COD 2013) Financed by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 13
Frequency Control and Energy Time Shift Miyako NAS Battery stabilizes grid frequency in remote island. NAS Battery also shifts energy and absorbs surplus PV output during daytime. NAS Battery Miyako Island Wind 900kW PV4MW NAS Battery 4MW(28.8MWh) http://www.okiden.co.jp/environment/report2014/sec7/sec74.html 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 14
Hybrid Battery System - Oki Hybrid system of 4.2MW NAS battery and 2MW Lithium-ion battery enables to install additional 8MW of renewable energy. Even though NAS battery can absorb both long and small fluctuation caused by solar and wind power, the hybrid system is also an effective solution in some cases. Size of Oki Islands:346KM2 Population:25,000 people Oki Diesel Roof top Solar 500kW Wind Farm 1,800kW Hydro 200kW Hydro 100kW 4.2MW of NAS Battery System Diesel New Wind 2,000kW New Mega PV 3,000kW New Mega PV 2,000kW 2MW of LiB System 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 15
Summary 1. NAS Battery is reliable and effective battery to store large amounts of electric energy by using well-established ceramic technology. 2. NAS Battery is systematically integrated in ocean container. It is easy to install, operate and maintenance. 3. The capability and durability of NAS Battery are proven by abundant field experiences. 4. By integrating NAS Battery and renewable energy power sources, stable, clean and low cost power can be supplied. 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 16
NGK INSULATORS, LTD. NAS Battery Division, Power Business Group 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8530 JAPAN Tel +81-(0)52-872-7515 Fax +81-(0)52-872-8862 https://www.ngk.co.jp/nas/ 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved 17