ENABLING DISTRIBUTED ENERGY FOR THE GRID EDGE

ENABLING DISTRIBUTED ENERGY FOR THE GRID EDGE Company Overview and Case Studies February 2018

Company Overview

About Smarter Grid Solutions ESTABLISHED 2008 GLOBAL COMPANY LAUNCHED US BUSINESS IN 2014 60+ EMPLOYEES 300 MW OF DER MANAGED FULL R&D LABS NY & UK IIoT DER INTEGRATION PLAFORM SOLUTION DELIVERY IN NA/UK GLOBAL PARTNER NETWORK Enhancing grid flexibility, utilization and reliability with high penetrations of renewables Exploiting the full portfolio of DER and grid devices to generate new revenue streams and business models Serving regulated utilities and DER owner / operators with world-class technology coupled with power systems and market expertise 3

Our Customers 300+ MW OF DER MANAGED 9+ YEARS COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS 4

Key ANM use cases INCREASE HOSTING CAPACITY INTEGRATE DER DEPLOY MICROGRIDS NON-WIRES ALTERNATIVES VISIBILITY STACKED VALUES

Enterprise utility-grade DERMS software platform Most Mature and Most Deployed 100 combined years of proven operational experience in 15 live distribution systems, on two continents. Most Adaptable Managing and controlling all sizes and types of DER using optimization and real-time control and coordination Most Scalable Scalable to 1000s of DER and expanding Most Reliable Failover, redundancy, high-availability and interoperability designed in and proven in the field. DER hosting capacity and distribution constraint management Energy storage management, scheduling and optimization Demand response, aggregation and grouping Electric vehicle fleet management Non-wires Alternatives Coordination Smart Campus and Smart Distribution use cases

Utility-grade software platform for the grid edge Most Mature Grid Edge Solution Site specific, autonomous control controlling 300+MW Localized Intelligence and Fail to Safe Functions Import/export constraints, scheduling, real/reactive power, voltage management Fast Acting Sub-second and deterministic, ready for closed loop mission critical power systems applications Interoperable Full suite of protocol adapters for field devices Autonomous real-time control of DER Multi-DER coordination Real and reactive power control Scheduled control with real-time intervention Circuit breaker trip and delayed auto-reclose Gateway for market participation

Key Ongoing Projects: New York FLEXIBLE INTERCONNECT REV DEMONSTRATION Smarter Grid Solutions is working with AVANGRID subsidiaries NYSEG and RG&E as part of one of the first Reforming the Energy Vision (REV) demonstration projects to integrate increasing quantities of renewable generation with the distribution system using its Active Network Management technology as an alternative to network upgrades. INNOVATIVE MODEL FOR FTM STORAGE Smarter Grid Solutions is working with Con Edison and GI Energy to provide the control systems and architecture for an innovative in front of the meter energy storage demonstration project, allowing multiple value streams be realized. GI will finance and develop the battery while providing Con Ed priority dispatch rights for load relief and contingencies. INTEGRATED ONLINE APPLICATION PORTAL Smarter Grid Solutions is working with AVANGRID, Clean Power Research and CYME to document and revise the interconnection process to facilitate developers to apply for interconnection using the FICS technology solution as an alternative to incurring costly upgrades. DISTRIBUTION STATE ESTIMATION Smarter Grid Solutions is working with NYSERDA to review the state of the art in distribution state estimation (DSE), examine the dependencies on data sets and provide a toolkit for utilities and vendors to tackle the deployment of DSE techniques. CONSERVATION VOLTAGE OPTIMIZATION Smarter Grid Solutions has designed and tested algorithms specifically built to optimize voltage profiles on Con Edison s distribution system, with specifications that can be deployed using SGS ANM Strata platform. MICROGRID FEASIBILITY STUDY Smarter Grid Solutions conducted a feasibility study to assess improved power resiliency for critical facilities and operations using clean, distributed energy and innovative microgrid controls that are financed through pioneering infrastructural investments

Key Ongoing Projects: California INTEGRATED GRID PROJECT (IGP) SGS will plan, deliver, install, configure, test, maintain, and support the integration and testing of SGS Distribution Control System product (ANM Strata). Simulations are being performed in SCE s Advanced Technology laboratory in CA and at one selected substation in the IOU service territory in CA (and other test substations selected by the IOU). DER AGGREGATION SGS is evaluating and demonstrating the solutions required for the control structure of distribution systems under the presence of DERs to address control requirements such as: ramp rate control; reactive power control; and Volt/VAr optimization at the secondary side of distribution transformers. ELECTRIC SYSTEM ACCESS ENHANCEMENT Southern California is deploying Active Network Management to demonstrate control of high penetration DER, enhance grid hosting capacity, and optimize DER locally and regionally. The project will also demonstrate how to reduce customer interconnection times for DERs > 100kW to 5 days or less, and how DER information can improve planning and operations. INTEGRATED DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Part of the Department of Energy s SunShot initiative, SGS is working with Riverside Public Utilities, the University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to create and test a cost effective automated DERMS system to integrate and control clusters of DER.

Technology Architecture

SGS Approach to DERMS Centralized Network-wide Simulation and Optimization Active Network Management Aggregation Distributed DER and Field Device Control Physical DER and Field Devices

Corporate Systems ERP Overview ADMS / Other Network Management Applications State Estimation Load flow analysis Outage Management Contingency Analysis Workforce Management Enabling DER visibility and grid edge control Managing communications channel variability DER Control Applications Platform Functions Real-time integration Active Network Management Integrated Data Model Renewable Integration Integration Tools DSO Services Data Management and Analytics Demand Response Control Loop Configuration Real-time Integration Microgrid Real-time Data Space Grid Optimisation Optimisation Engine Enabling IIoT capability OT Infrastructure SCADA Communications Head-End IT/OT connectivity around power systems use cases Communications Grid Edge Intelligence Communications (fibre, satellite, radio, GPRS,.) Distributed Energy Resources Monitoring Devices

Dynamic Hosting Capacity Use Case

DER and the static grid today DENIED? $ UPGRADE REQUIRED SYSTEM PLANNING AND OPERATING CRITERA HOSTING CAPACITY INTERCONNECTON APPLICATON INTERCONNECTION ANALYSIS APPROVED Utility planning criteria determines when grid upgrades and reinforcements will be made based upon agreed upon operating criteria many of which are used to evaluate DER seeking to interconnect with the distribution system. The ability of the distribution system to host and interconnect distributed energy resources is typically evaluated using deterministic planning limits. Developers/customers submit applications without knowledge of the full knowledge of hosting capacity limitations or other projects in the queue which may lead to restrictions. Interconnection applications are approved or denied based using rudimentary screens or more advanced power flow analysis. Both methods are based upon worst case contingency analysis around static equipment/loading limits. At low DER penetration, the grid has inherent ability to accommodate DER in an uncoordinated manner.

However, increasing penetrations of DER pose new challenges without visibility or control. DERs can be integrated without causing any violations DERs can be integrated in limited sizes / locations DERS cannot be integrated at any size / locations DER Penetration As DER penetration increases, static, set it and forget it interconnection becomes more challenging, which can lead to: TIME DELAYS COSTLY UPGRADES PROJECT DOWNSIZING Time

Active Network Management is an innovative solution to integrating and managing DERs DERs can be integrated anywhere without causing violations Active Network Management Additional Hosting Capacity DERs can be integrated in limited sizes / locations Uneconomic Curtailment Active Network Management unlocks additional hosting capacity by eliminating network constraints through tactical curtailment. DER Penetration Generator Size (MW) Production Factor AFTER Curtailment 1 0.9 37.1% 2 2.3 47.7% 4 4.5 45.4% 5 0.9 37.2% 6 0.9 40.1% 7 0.9 40.8% 9 0.9 31.8% 10 0.9 34.0% Time

Utility Design Screens How ANM Unlocks Grid Capacity MWh Generated Energy Static DG Capacity worst case scenarios Active Network Capacity actively managed scenarios Uneconomic Curtailment Generated Energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Curtailed energy as more DG connected MW Installed Capacity 15% of peak (islanding) <87.5% protection short circuit interruption <10% max short circuit < +/- 3% voltage fluctuation <20% rated feeder capacity Thermal constraints Voltage constraints Flicker Islanding Reverse power flow

Case Studies

Selected Case Studies: North America

Case Study: Con Edison/NYSERDA Integration of Microgrids and DER Challenge Con Edison was looking to investigate the implementation of microgrids which could result in benefits including infrastructure deferral, customer savings, and resiliency as well as how to demonstrate how customer-sited equipment would be able to interact with the distribution system. Solution Smarter Grid Solutions partnered with Con Edison to conduct a detailed study to determine how additional DER and microgrids could be integrated into Con Edison s secondary network in a coordinated manner that fully utilized available capacity. The study involved capturing requirements from a variety of industry stakeholders, specifying deployment options for system control, and communication components of three chosen microgrid example configurations/ Benefits A range of new technologies interconnected with the distribution system were assessed, including various forms of distributed generation, demand response technologies, and energy storage. The impact of each technology was assessed with respect to the capability of the existing distribution grid ultimately leading to a final cost-benefit analysis which compared different microgrid configurations

SQL interface Case Study: Southern California Edison Integrated Grid Project Challenge Southern California Edison has one of the highest penetrations of distributed energy resources in the United States. The Integrated Grid Project is intended to test and deploy the integration and operation of new advanced technologies and processes at a designated substation within a predetermined time frame. The IGP is also serving as a test bed for SCE s strategic initiatives and investment to further facilitate grid modernization. sgs core (dual redundant) SYNERGY ANM APPLICATION PRE-PROCESSOR FRAMEWORK OPTIMISATION APPLICATION FORECASTING SGS Historian User Interface Solution ISO Manual Setpoints Manual Scheduling SCE is deploying SGS ANM products which will be used as a distributed control system to provide real-time end-to-end control and serve as a dispatch platform providing constraint management and DER coordination against multiple measured constraints. The system provides for the following key functional elements: DER forecasting Optimization & Scheduling Microgrid Functionality Constraint Management External weather source DNP3 interface Web Services DNP3 interface Front of Meter DER DNP3 interface sgs comms hub (dual redundant) ANM ENGINEERING TOOL SEP2.0 ICCP SEP2.0 ANM CONFIGURATION TOOL Web Services Behind the Meter DER SEP2.0 DER and Control Dashboarding Configuration Real-time Scheduling data Other Utility Systems DNP3 ICCP interface Web Services Benefits Aggregator 1 Aggregator n Field RTU DMS Historian (PI) Demonstration of enabling technologies and processes as a designated substation within a specified timeframe insight into the costs and benefits of deployment and monitoring strategies Integration and testing of SGS Distribution Control System product(s).

Case Study: Southern California Edison Integrated Grid Project Details IGP is a Virtual Microgrid Test Case Circuit Demand = 3.6 MVA Generating Assets = 5 Battery Storage = 2 units / max. 2 hour discharge Maximum MVA for 2 hours 3.724 MVA Limited MVA Capacity Drives Virtual Microgrid Islanding Currently not Viable

Case Study: Southern California Edison Integrated Grid Project Details Potential Growth Plan Would Allow for Additional Testing May Allow for Islanding of Circuit

Case Study: Southern California Edison Integrated Grid Project Received Measurement Point information: [Pflow, Qflow] False Methodology Virtual Microgrid Measures b/t two points Measurement Point 20 Measurement Point 21 Allowance = +/- 50kW AMN Strata Issues Control Actions in Excess of 50kW Above or Below MP20 / MP 21 Control Actions in P or Q Control Actions based on P or Q Measurements True If Pflow>+ve Threshold (50kW) False True If Qflow>+ve Threshold (50kW) False True If Pflow<-ve Threshold (50kW) False Increase Real Power Generation, or decrease Real Power Demand Increase Reactive Power Generation, or decrease Reactive Power Demand Decrease Real Power Generation, or increase Real Power Demand If Qflow<-ve Threshold (50kW) True Decrease Reactive Power Generation, or increase Reactive Power Demand

Case Study: Southern California Edison Methodology Integrated Grid Project Virtual Microgrid Measures b/t two points Measurement Point 20 Measurement Point 21 Allowance = +/- 50kW + ANM + - Generator 1 482kW 100% Energy Storage 1 1MW 6MWh Link (Bismuth) P5320417 P5320416 P5320414 (0.02435%) (0.0146%) (0.01462%) 158.05 kva 94.83 kva 94.83 kva 99.64% 99.64% 99.64% P5447256 P5444213 P5444357 (0.02435%) (0.02435%) (0.0487%) 158.05 kva158.05 kva316.11 kva 99.64% 99.64% 99.64% 1680892E 4.72 kw 0.4 kvar Link (Aluminium) MP20 P5076693 (0.01462%) 94.83 kva 99.64% Link (Aluminium) Link (Cobalt) 4801319E P5517653 P5506503 1680707E (0.01462%) (0.12174%)(0.03652%) (0.00122%) 94.83 kva 790.26kVA 237.08kVA 7.87kW 99.64% 99.64% 99.64% 0.67kVAr S5075867 (0.00122%) 7.9 kva 99.64% P5512049 (0.0073%) 47.42 kva 99.64% Camden P5512210 (0.003685) 23.71 kva 99.64% 4471502E (0.00122%) 7.9 kva 99.64% 4506963E (0.00049%) 3.15 kw 0.27 kvar MP21 P5446952 (0.03652%) 237.08 kva 99.64% EG_P5446952-1_T_17916 187.5kW 100 4330205E 3.15kW 0.27kVAr Microgrid Area 39% of total load of the feeder

Case Study: Southern California Edison Methodology Integrated Grid Project AMN Strata Issues Control Actions in Excess of 50kW Above or Below MP20 / MP 21 Control Actions in P or Q Control Actions based on P or Q Measurements + ANM + - Generator 1 482kW 100% Energy Storage 1 1MW 6MWh Link (Bismuth) P5320417 P5320416 P5320414 (0.02435%) (0.0146%) (0.01462%) 158.05 kva 94.83 kva 94.83 kva 99.64% 99.64% 99.64% P5447256 P5444213 P5444357 (0.02435%) (0.02435%) (0.0487%) 158.05 kva158.05 kva316.11 kva 99.64% 99.64% 99.64% 1680892E 4.72 kw 0.4 kvar Link (Aluminium) MP20 P5076693 (0.01462%) 94.83 kva 99.64% Link (Aluminium) Link (Cobalt) 4801319E P5517653 P5506503 1680707E (0.01462%) (0.12174%)(0.03652%) (0.00122%) 94.83 kva 790.26kVA 237.08kVA 7.87kW 99.64% 99.64% 99.64% 0.67kVAr S5075867 (0.00122%) 7.9 kva 99.64% P5512049 (0.0073%) 47.42 kva 99.64% Camden P5512210 (0.003685) 23.71 kva 99.64% 4471502E (0.00122%) 7.9 kva 99.64% 4506963E (0.00049%) 3.15 kw 0.27 kvar MP21 P5446952 (0.03652%) 237.08 kva 99.64% EG_P5446952-1_T_17916 187.5kW 100 4330205E 3.15kW 0.27kVAr Microgrid Area 39% of total load of the feeder

Case Study: Southern California Edison Integrated Grid Project Methodology AMN Strata- Define Upper and Lower Thresholds Monitor for Violations Upper Violation? Issue Control Action for Upper Trim Observe Response Lower Violation Issue Control Action for Lower Trim Observe Response Watts a P/ Q t observation b t response c d e Upper Trim Upper Trim/Lower Trim Target Lower Trim Time

Case Study: Southern California Edison Electric Access System Enhancement EASE Challenge SCE predicts a huge growth in Solar PV installations, with over 6,400MW installed across the 50,000 mile license area. For the grid to cope with this scale of growth SCE needed to look at grid modernization, namely the acceptance, connection and management of new Solar PV. Solution Southern California is deploying Active Network Management to demonstrate control of high penetration DER, enhance grid hosting capacity, and optimize DER locally and regionally. The project will also demonstrate how to reduce customer interconnection times for DERs > 100kW to 5 days or less, and how DER information can improve planning and operations. Benefits The EASE project will provide several benefits including: Enabling the interconnection and management of high penetrations of DERs Establish common communications protocols and transaction rules Better understanding of the commercial agreements required for transactive energy/ Development of a reference architecture and use cases which can be adopted by other utilities and industry stakeholders. Automated assessment tool for grid constraint issues, removing long manual process Self-provisioning ANM Element automatically connects to grid when activated