[Ide írhat] [Ide írhat] [Ide írhat] Synopsis of the 27/10/2017 smart energy usage model at Rácalmás Pál BOZA
Synopsis of the smart energy usage model Aim of the document The aim of the present document is to define those potential energy developments which comply substantially with the demands of Rácalmás in accordance with its local energy strategy. It can be the basis of a future energy project to be implemented in the framework of EEA and Norwegian Financial Mechanism based on the former energy investment and service development project of Rácalmás co-funded by the Norway Grants. The present concept is related directly to the following short-term goals set out in the energy strategy of Rácalmás: - Use the potential of locally available RES - Reduce the natural gas based primer energy consumption of municipal buildings as well as the related GHG emissions - Decrease the energy costs of municipal buildings - Strengthen the cooperation among the local stakeholders The potential future developments are defined as modules which are connected to each other. As a result, different alternatives were elaborated - on different level of complexity which can be further specified after the finalisation of the programme of EEA and Norway Grants. The present document was developed in a close cooperation with the Municipality of Rácalmás - including Péter MIKLOVICH, technical project manager - and Alf Kristian ENGER, the expert of the Norwegian partner. Present situation We examined the development opportunities of the municipality-owned buildings with a special focus on specifications of the EEA and Norway Grants. As it is shown in the table below, the heat energy consumption of the municipal buildings in Rácalmás (mostly deriving from natural gas) still represents high costs. Further significant savings can be achieved with the implementation of heat investments. It is important to emphasise that after its installation 1, the Manóvár Kindergarten s new heat pump system was able to produce the necessary heat amount for the institution without the use of natural gas. The household-sized small power plants on the site of the Kindergarten can ensure the additional electricity necessary for the operation of the heat pump system. However, the new heat pump system has not operated a whole winter season yet, thus, the 1 The system was set up in the framework of the previous EEA and Norway Grant scheme in 2016
data on heat consumption are not complete. The effects of the installation of the new system are not reflected in the data below. The new sports hall of Rácalmás which will also be a municipal building is currently under construction. The sports hall is expected to be delivered in the summer of 2018, therefore, the table below does not contain its energy data yet. Based on the available plans the sports hall is only using fossil energy. It would be important and economically viable to also use renewable energy sources in the building. Annual heat consumption (MJ) Cost of building s heat consumption (thousand HUF/year) Specific heat consumption (thousand HUF/year/m 2 ) Annual electricity consumption (kwh) Cost of building s electricity consumption (thousand HUF/year) Annual CO 2 emission (kg) Rácalmás Mayor s Office 398 148 1 703 3.74 21 368 598 4 406 Miklós Jankovich Primary School Jankovich Kúria (Event and Tourism Centre) 1 140 403 4 920 2.73 60 104 1 324 54 464 786 317 3 387 1.81 90 278 199 37 494 Culture House and Library 74 788 301 0.47 14 514 406 3 332 Health Centre 125 233 519 1.24 8 017 204 5 745 Manóvár Kindergarten 516 876 1 654 0.74 15 759 441 18 310 Former Mayor s Office 395 399 1 691 3.27 7 652 214 18 719 TOTAL 3 437 164 14 175 2 217 692 3 386 142 470 (Source: Municipality of Rácalmás, 2016)
The location of the main municipal buildings in Rácalmás Approx. distance between municipal buildings of Rácalmás Sports Hall Culture House and Library Miklós Jankovich Primary School Manóvár Kindergarten Rácalmás Mayor s Office Sports Hall Culture House and Library 100 Miklós Jankovich Primary School 230 200 Manóvár Kindergarten 230 120 150 Rácalmás Mayor s Office 300 200 230 70 Regarding the different aspects of alternative energy sources, four types of RES can be relevant in the case of Rácalmás, i.e., wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass/biogas. Wind energy Investors have the license to build a wind farm with 27.6 MW capacity, at the moment there are no further plans to realise this investment. Kulcs, its neighbouring town, has an installed wind turbine. It can produce electricity for 750 households that is equal to the overall electricity demand of Kulcs. Geothermal energy
Rácalmás has a great geothermal potential due to its favourable location. Geothermal energy can be used for heating and the production of hot water as well. In case of smaller heat demand, heat pumps are installed which are usually supported by solar panels to be able to supply the total energy demand. In 2016, Rácalmás installed its first heat pump system at Manóvár Kindergarten and is currently analysing the opportunity to build further ones to supply the nearby municipal buildings. Thus, it might be useful to examine the possibility to connect several municipal buildings to one heating system in order to increase their energy efficiency. However, in order to mitigate geological risks, which might also have high costs, elaborating background studies would be useful before major investments. Solar energy Due to its geographical location, the number of sunny hours in Rácalmás is relatively high, thus, solar energy can be crucial in the energy mix of the town. Rácalmás Amount of sunny hours in Hungary, 2016 (Source: https://met.hu/eghajlat/magyarorszag_eghajlata/eghajlati_visszatekinto/elmult_evek_idojarasa/ma in.php?ful=napfenytartam) The mid-term energy strategy of Rácalmás provides comprehensive overview on available RES. There is a household-sized small power plant with 27 KW capacity (PV system) which feeds the local Kindergarten in Rácalmás complementing the existing heat pump system.
In the future, it is suggested to consider the possibilities to set PV system (for electricity production) and/or solar panels (for heat production) on the roof of the municipal buildings. It would be also important to pay special attention to architectural and aesthetic questions as well in this respect. It is important to note that electricity produced by household-sized small power plants (similarly to the one in the garden of the kindergarten) can only be used on the same real estate where the system is installed according to the current regulation. The usage of the electricity somewhere else would need private cables and related licenses. It is no use increasing the capacity of the system of the Kindergarten because it produces more electricity than its demand. Since the energy produced by household-sized small power plant can only be transferred via private cables with specific licenses, it is recommended to set photovoltaic systems one by one on the municipal buildings separately. Module 1: Micro district heating system The reduction of heat energy consumption of the buildings can be achieved separately or integrated in one system. The map of the municipal buildings of Rácalmás shows that more buildings are located close to one another, i.e., Mayor s Office, Kindergarten, Primary School, and Sports Hall. One of the solutions can be that the buildings are separately supplied with renewable energy sources (for example using solar panels or heat pump). However, the effectiveness can be further increased with the connection of the different buildings into one system. This way, approximately 20% efficiency improvement can be achieved according to the Norwegian partner s own experience. The heat pump system of the Kindergarten, whose capacity is not exploited currently, can serve as a concrete example. Consequently, the neighbouring Mayor s Office could also be supplied partly with this energy if the two buildings were connected. The plans of the new Sports Hall do not include RES based energy production. Nevertheless, the energy supply of the Sports Hall with renewables could be considered, as well as its connection to a joint system with the Kindergarten and the Mayor s Office. One of the major advantages of using one integrated system is that the heat energy surplus or the energy shortages can be balanced within the system optimizing the usage of local renewables and fossil fuels. Nevertheless, if it is necessary, it is important to execute the heat insulation of the buildings and the replacement of doors and windows in parallel with the energy production investments.
(Source: Alf Kristian Enger) Modul 2: Local smart grid in Rácalmás The long-term objective is to establish an energy producer mix which ensures the significant presence of the production of energy using renewable energy sources, meanwhile, also ensures a flexible and controllable background for energy (electricity) production. The objective of the smart grid centre is to meet the demand of a balance circle which ensures the cooperation of energy producer, transformer, storage, distributor and recycler equipment which use renewable energy source and are decentralized (installed geographically interdependently or independently). Smart grids are responsible for controlling the unpredictable production of equipment using e.g. solar and wind energy with predictable production units (like equipment using biomass, or geothermal energy) and energy storage systems. A smart grid might be realised at Rácalmas in the longer term. Energy producers included in the smart grid can be decentralized, renewable energy producers and fossil energy producers. In Hungary, electricity producers can be varied according to their sizes: there are household-sized small power plants (under 50 kw installed capacity), licence-free small-scale power plants (50-500 kw installed capacity), small-scale power plants (500 kw 50 MW installed capacity) and power plants (over 50 MW installed capacity). The purpose of household-sized small power plants is local energy supply; they can be installed on municipality-owned institutions. Small-scale power plants, which form the basis of the electrical power supply system, generate electricity from renewable energy sources (solar, wind and biogas) and are installed in the periphery of a municipality. Energy storage has a significant role in smart grids. The operation of the storage can be predicted and planned, therefore, it can ensure the control of the smart grids flexibly in every direction. The objective is to include as many producers as possible in the grid in order to
reinforce the system stability. Currently energy storage is probably the most expensive part of a smart grid and influences the economic feasibility of such a project. Those consumers who only appear on the consumer side of the grid are called passive consumers (e.g. EV chargers, large or small consumers). They do not have either energy generating capacity, nor energy source storage capacity, therefore, they do not contribute positively to the grid s energy balance in any way. Possible additional modules Streetlights (Source: Alf Kristian Enger) Changing traditional bulbs to energy efficient ones not only saves energy but it also saves money for the Municipality who is obliged to ensure urban lighting in the town. The modernisation of public lighting was implemented in Rácalmás in the mid-2000s, however, the existing infrastructure has to be extended in some parts of the town according to the Energy Strategy and the Integrated Town Development Strategy of Rácalmás. At the same time, the spread of LED lights provides a new opportunity for energy investment on streetlights. EV chargers Rácalmás has favourable transport features due to its location: easily accessible from M6 motorway. According to the mid-term energy strategy of Rácalmás 2017-2021, the nearest Electric Vehicle charging station installed in 2015 - is in Dunaújváros, 10 kilometres far from the town. Regarding the latest data, only one charging station has been installed in the region
(in Dunaújváros) in the recent years. 2 The poor penetration of EV charging stations is one reason explaining the lack of EVs in the town. Electric vehicle chargers near Rácalmás (Source: www.toltopont.hu) The installation of a DC charger in one of the parking area of the Municipality of Rácalmás could facilitate the spread of EVs in the town and the region as well. It could promote clean commuting between Rácalmás and the neighbouring cities. Since the EVs range is limited, this aspect has a great importance on the spread of electric mobility. The new CS would not only be useful for local inhabitants, motorists in transit could also charge their electric cars. It could also lead to further indirect benefits beyond the better access. Drivers coming from the nearby motorway to charge the cars in Rácalmás could discover the attractions and services of the town for example Jankovich Kúria (Event and Tourism Centre). As a result, Rácalmás and the Municipality itself will gain comparative advantages in the area. Visitors would not only spend their time but also their money on the spot using the local services. Therefore, the CS will generate extra revenue for local businesses (restaurants, shops, accommodation, etc.) which will increase the tax income of the Municipality as an immediate effect. Furthermore, the development will improve the image of Rácalmás increasing its attractiveness and tourism. The current net purchase price of a 50 kw DC charger is approximately 7 million HUF. Installation might have additional cost depending on the site. However, the system operation 2 https://toltopont.eu/ (13/10/2017)
will cause high electricity consumption: depending on the number of charged electric cars, the Municipality will have to pay about 2 million HUF per year for the electricity provider. The installation of a 22 kw AC charger could be a smaller investment: its net purchase price is around 900.000 HUF and the related operational costs are significantly lower compared to the DC charger s costs. Nevertheless, an AC charger has also drawbacks, such as longer charging time due to the smaller capacity but that can also be an asset for encouraging tourists to spend more time in the town. Currently, public EV charging is free of charge in Hungary, although the Government Decree 70/2017. (VI. 29.) sets the legal framework of pricing. It means that, in the near future, the CS owners will have the opportunity to impose the electricity fee on the users. Details of pricing (e.g., exact amount, start date, limits, etc.) are not defined yet but the Municipality of Rácalmás could guarantee the free charging for 5 years in case of grant support for a DC charger purchase. According to the Municipality, the significance of this development is remarkable with its multiplier and spill-over effects. The Municipality is committed to this project idea, thus, it is willing to install a charger as soon as the related costs can be planned and scheduled in the municipal budget. Installing an EV charger in the town would boost the awareness of the local inhabitants in the field of electric mobility which would lead to the spread of home chargers. Norway is one of the most developed country in Europe regarding electric mobility: there is a high number of EVs and a high penetration of chargers. The Norwegian partner(s) can share their experience in EV charger procurement and installation, e.g., ideal location, brands and types, identification methods, maintenance, data gathering, available software, etc.