Variation of PIE-D in Multimode Fibre Due to polarization, mechanical stress and connector offset Julia Shaw David Cunningham Simon Meadowcroft Fibre Optics Product Division
Variation of PIE-D in Multimode Fibre Introduction Measurements of PIE-D are reported for the effects of polarisation, mechanical stress and connector offset when applied to multimode fibre TIA FO., 99 Round Robin fibre set are investigated using a FP source. OM and OM are also measured Ball lens, Vortex or SM fibre with and without mode conditioned patch-cord are used as launch conditions For SM launch, a polarizer is used to ascertain limits The complete transmission line incorporates a variable offset manipulator, an adjustable connector, a shaker, various lengths of fibre as well as the TIA test fibres Slide
Outline Effects on PIE-D due to three offset launch configurations What happens when polarization and single offset connector is inserted for Offset launch How does PIE-D change with varying offset launch What happens when two um offset connectors are used with Offset launch What is the relationship between PIE-D and OFL BWDP Effects on PIE-D due to two Centre launch configurations What happens when polarization and single offset connector is inserted for Centre launch What happens when two um offset connectors are used with Centre launch Comparing Offset and Centre launch Observations Slide
Variation of PIE-D in Multimode Fibre Experimental setups: Laser: FP Pattern Generator DCA Average impulse waveform captured Laser: FP Ball lens or Vortex or SM fibre or MCP Receiver SMF AVERAGE m SMF Polarizer MMF Shaker MMF m MMF m OR m Connector offset to um Two um offset connectors Laser: FP Pattern Generator DCA SMF m Variable connector LAUNCH OFFSET SENSITIVITY Receiver m MMF m MMF m Pattern Generator LIMITS MMF m DCA Receiver m MMF m Slide
Variation of PIE-D in Multimode Fibre Measurements with FP laser PIE-D for laser and receiver are included (.db) A./ Mode Conditioned Patch-cord used for all types of fibre Average values for different launches are compared to their ranges that can be obtained when the fibres are stressed The sensitivity of some fibres to offset launch is measured Slide
OFFSET LAUNCH Slide Experimental set-up Launch, AVERAGE Mode Conditioned Patch-cord Vortex Large Spot,um lateral offset LIMITS Mode Conditioned Patch-cord 9 OFFSET SENSITIVITY Single Mode fibre into /um fibre, AVERAGE with +um connectors Mode Conditioned Patch-cord Large Spot, um lateral offset Summary Mode Conditioned Patch-cord Scatter graph PIE-D and OFL BWDP Slide
Experimental setup: Average Offset launches into TIA FO.,99 RR fibre laser source: FP Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube PIE-D (db) vortex MCP LS Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange Aqua Blue Violet Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange M OM Fibre identification Note: Vortex. type VA with encircled flux<% in.um,>% in um radius MCP. Mode conditioned patchcord with encircled flux<% in.um,>% in um radius LS. Large spot launch with encircled flux<% in.um,>% in um radius This data is with the shaker running. The impulse collected was the average waveform. As will be shown, polarization and offsets affect these values. Next slide shows data sorted by PIE-D Slide
Experimental setup: Average Fibre sorted by PIE-D for MCP PIE-D (db) vortex MCP LS BT BT GT M OT VT BT OT OT OM GT GT BT OT AT BT GT Fibre identification It is not only polarization that can affect the values but also the effective offset that is used. The sensitivity of a particular fibre to offset influences the results (see slide 9). In the example above there is a um difference in offset between the LS and Mode Conditioned Patch-cord. Slide
Experimental setup: Limits Effect on PIE-D with polarization and variable connector offset ( to um). MCP (.) used as source Source: FP 9 Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube PIE-D Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange Aqua Blue Violet Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange OM OM./ / Fibre Identification The limits observed due to polarization and variable connector are shown for Mode Conditioned Launch. Slide 9
Experimental setup: Launch Offset Sensitivity 9 PIE-D vs offset launch for m OM fibre Effect of offset on OM fibre is shown. The effective offset of the launch can radically change the PIE-D value PIE-D (db) Offset (um) MCP used Note: offset launch refers to encircled flux <% at um and >9% at um aligned onto a MM fibre 9 Sensitivity of offset launch into m /um fibre Again offset sensitivity is shown for the / fibre PIE-D (db) Fibre identification BT GT OT BT GT OT Offset (um) Note: offset launch refers to encircled flux <% at um and >% at um aligned onto a MM fibre Slide
Experimental setup: Average Offset launches into TIA FO.,99 RR fibre with two um offset connectors laser source: FP Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube PIE-D (db) MCP LS Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange Aqua Blue Violet Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange M OM Fibre identification Note: Offset. (Mode conditioned patch-cord with encircled flux<% in.um,>% in um radius LS. Large spot launch with encircled flux<% in.um,>% in um radius offset by um The effect of two um connectors in line are shown for two of the launch conditions. The Mode Conditioned Launch shows about a db improvement compared to LS. Slide
Experimental setup: Average Fibre sorted by PIE-D for Offset PIE-D (db) MCP LS BT GT OT VT BT M BT OT OT GT OM GT BT OT AT GT BT Fibre identification Previous data sorted Slide
Summary of Mode Conditioned Patch-cords. PIE-D (db) 9 MCP (AV) MCP(peak) MCP(+) GT BT BT VT M BT OT OT OT GT GT BT OT OM AT BT GT Fibre type Note: MCP (peak) is polarization with up to um offset connector) Shows the range from Mode Conditioned launches Slide
Relationship between MCP with two um connectors and OFL Bandwidth Distance Product PIE-D (db) OT.......9.. OFL BWDP (GHz.km) The relationship between OFL BWDP and PIE-D is shown. With the exception of OT, the correlation is good. The effective offset launch was um. At this offset the PIE-D for OT is low ( see slide 9). If the correct offset (between to um) had been used, the PIE-D for OT would have been worse. Below is the theoretical relationship. 9.. PIE_D versus OFL BWDP ( Fibre Model, um Connectors: MCP). PIE_D, dbo........... 9....... OFL BWDP, MHz.km Slide
Centre Launch Slide Experimental set-up Launch, AVERAGE Single mode fibre Large Spot centre launch into MM fibre LIMITS Single mode fibre, 9 AVERAGE with +um connectors Single Mode fibre into /um fibre Large Spot centre launch into MM fibre, AVERAGE with +um connectors Mode Conditioned Patch-cord Summary Slide
Experimental setup: Average Centre launches into TIA FO.,99 RR fibre laser source: FP 9 Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube PIE-D (db) LS SM launch Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange Aqua Blue Violet Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange M OM Fibre identification Note: SM. (Single mode fibre with encircled flux>% in um,>% in um radius LS. Large spot launch with encircled flux<% in.um,>% in um radius offset by um The exercise is repeated for Centre Launch. The above is the average impulse with the shaker on. Slide
Experimental setup: Average Fibre sorted by SM launch 9 PIE-D LS SM launch OM OT GT GT GT AT VT OM BT BT OT BT BT OT GT BT OT Fibre identification Sorted fails for OFL BWDP Slide
Experimental setup: Limits The limits observed due to polarization and variable connector are shown for SM fibre Launch. Source: FP Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube PIE-D BT GT OT BT GT OT AT BT VT BT GT OT BT GT OT OM OM./ / Fibre Identification The limits observed due to polarization and variable connector are shown for Single Mode fibre launch. Notice that the majority of the ranges when compared to Mode Conditioned launch (slide 9) are greater. Slide
Experimental setup: Average Centre launches with two um connectors into TIA FO.,99 RR fibre laser source: FP Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube PIE-D (db) SM LS Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange Aqua Blue Violet Blue Green Orange Blue Green Orange M OM Fibre identification Note: SM (Single Mode fibre with encircled flux > % in um, > % in um. LS. Large Spot launch with encircled fluw <% in.um, >% in um Centre launch using Single Mode fibre with two um connectors in line. Shaker is on. Slide 9
Experimental setup: Average Fibre sorted by SM launch, Two um connectors PIE-D SM LS M VT OT OT GT BT BT AT OT BT GT BT GT OT OM GT BT Fibre identification Again the fibres are sorted by SM for PIE-D. OFL BWDP worst with um connectors Slide
Summary of SM centre launch PIE-D SM AV. SM(peak) SM(+) M OT GT GT AT VT GT BT OM BT BT OT OT BT GT BT OT Fibre identification Note: SM (peak) is with polarization and up to um offset connector) Shows the range from SM launches. Ranges are more spread than with offset launch. Slide
Offset and Centre launch Slide Launch Comparison Single mode fibre (Centre launch) with Mode conditioned patch-cord. Both with polarization changes and a single variable connector up to um offset. Scatter-graph Single mode fibre (Centre launch) with Mode conditioned patch-cord. Highest value of PIE-D obtained from either one or two um offset connectors for both. Observations Slide
Comparison of MCP and SM launches PIE-D (db) 9 MCP(peak) SM(peak) Comparison between the centre and offset launch for the single um connector offset GT BT BT VT M BT OT OT OT GT GT BT OT OM AT BT GT Fibre identification Note: (peak) is with polarization and up to um offset connector) Comparison of Offset PIE-D (mcp with -um) and Centre PIE-D (sm with -um) As a Scatter-graph Those in red are the OFL BWDP fail fibres Centre PIE-D (db) 9 Offset PIE-D (db) Slide
MCP and SM launch with connectors 9 Centre PIE-D (db) Scatter-graph of the worst value of PIE-D for either one um connector with polarization or two um offset connectors. Those in red are the OFL BWDP fail fibres. 9 Offset PIE-D (db) Slide
Variation of Waveforms in Multimode Fibre Observations: Polarization and mechanical stress on fibres causes less variation in PIE-D when using an offset launch compared to central Good correlation between Bandwidth Distance Product and PIE-D for offset launch A PIE-D of about.db is needed for the TIA FO., 99 Round Robin fibre when using both launch conditions For those fibres that fail OFL BWDP specification, central launch has a lower PIE-D value than offset Small difference between MCP with one or two um connectors Slide