Gleichspannung für Stromverteilnetze Vision oder sinnvolle Option? Dr.-Ing. Marco Stieneker Aachen,

Gleichspannung für Stromverteilnetze Vision oder sinnvolle Option? Dr.-Ing. Marco Stieneker Aachen,

Src: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Src: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Why are we living in an AC World? The war of current Direct current (DC) Thomas Alva Edison (1847 1931) Electrification of lower Manhattan, New York Voltag level: 110 V (DC) Hazard-less voltage level for electric lighting But high distribution loss Alternating current (AC) George Westinghouse (1846 1914) Expertise of Nikola Tesla (1856 1943) Supplied world exhibition in Chicago Src: Napoleon Sarony VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 2

Src: KVB Src: http://www.teslasociety.com DC Systems in an AC World (i) End of War of Current Hydro power station at Niagara Falls (1895) Consolidated Edison (Con Edison) Supplied elevators in Manhattan with dc until 2007 4,600 dc customers in 1998 Existing DC systems Light and long-distance railways 750 V, 1,500 V, 3,000 V Ships Data center VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 3

DC Systems in an AC World (ii) Increasing number of loads operated with DC internally Increasing number of power sources operated with DC internally Long-distance transmission of electrical energy with high-voltage DC (HVDC) Source: wikipedia.de VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 4

DC for Electrical Energy Distribution. Feasible? Motivation Development in German distribution grids Age-related modernization of grid components required Increasing grid integration of decentralized power sources Modernization of grids required Development of consumers Increasing power injection of power-electronicbased sources (wind, PV) Integration of energy storage Increasing number of dc-based loads E-Mobility, DC-Homes, Increasing use of power electronics AC grids connect DC sources and DC loads Innovative distribution grids based on DC technology can be beneficial VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 5

VDE ETG Task Force on Direct Current Participants of the ETG Task Force Academia and industry Expertise in Grid planning and operation Power electronics Switchgears and circuit breakers VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 6

Lead Questions of the VDE ETG Task Force on Direct Current Direct current a promising alternative for established alternating current systems?! Will it be a DC world? Will it be an AC world? Or will it be a hybrid world? What are suitable application scenarios? What are the challenges to overcome before DC systems can be implemented? VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 7

Approach of the VDE ETG Task Force Exchange of knowledge between the ETG Task Force members Discussion about the requirements for particular applications Presentation of existing DC components, operation strategies and applications Requirements for reasonable (future) DC applications have to be fulfilled An AC-based solution for a particular application is more complex The system efficiency is higher than implementations based on AC An equivalent reliability compared with AC-based solutions can be achieved Life cycle costs (and not only the component costs) have to be lower compared with AC VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 8

Promising Application Scenarios for DC Technology (Examples) Co-infrastructure to increase the power capability of existing AC grids Driven by the increase of EVs DC collector grids in large-scale wind and PV parks Connection of existing medium-voltage AC distribution grids VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 9

Promising Application Scenarios for DC Technology (Examples) VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 10

Promising Application Scenarios for DC Technology (Examples) Co-infrastructure to increase the power capability of existing AC grids Driven by the increase of EVs DC collector grids in large-scale wind and PV parks Connection of existing medium-voltage AC distribution grids Electrical energy distribution in industrial environments VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 11

Need for Standardization and Product Development (Examples) Standardization Voltage levels Protection Product development Almost no standard (high-power) products are available Circuit breakers for medium-voltage levels (DC) Further research on life time and reliability of DC components VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 12

Conclusion DC technology can lead to advantages for electrical energy distribution Standardization has to be developed further Research and development on white spots have to be conducted VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 13

Thank you very much for your attention! Wir gestalten die e-diale Zukunft. Machen Sie mit. Ihr Ansprechpartner: Dr.-Ing. Marco Stieneker PGS, E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen Phone: +49 241 80 49 95 6 mstieneker@eonerc.rwth-aachen.de VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e. V. 14