Constrained resources - Maximize the outcome Mohab Abla, GIRO Inc.

Constrained resources - Maximize the outcome Mohab Abla, GIRO Inc.

What outcome are we looking for? More capacity? More service? Better vehicle and crew utilization? Let us look at the public transit mission to find out!

Public Transit Mission Belgium De Lijn is close to its passengers and offers an extensive range of sustainable and high-quality transport solutions in which safety, reliability and efficiency are central. Los Angeles Moving people in a safe, reliable and affordable way. Metro is responsible for the continuous improvement of an efficient and effective transportation system for Los Angeles County. We're in the business of getting our people where they need to be. Move people efficiently and effectively Singapore Sydney

Efficiency Vs. Effectiveness Efficiency: Doing the thing right In Public Transport: Maximize resource utilization and productivity Ridership Effectiveness: Doing the right thing In Public Transport: Align the service to the demand

Manual scheduling process Service efficiency can be improved Vehicles idle during meal breaks bus hopping would increase vehicle utilization Duties operate on a single route operating multiple routes would reduce overtime and guarantee Vehicle 4 B Duty 4A B Duty 4B Vehicle 3 B Duty 3A B Duty 3B Vehicle 2 Duty 2A B B Duty 2B Vehicle 1 Duty 1A B OT B Duty 1B A Route 1 B 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 Time

Service (Vehicles) Effectiveness of manual scheduling The resulting service is not effective as the offer is not aligned with demand 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1. Under-capacity reduces service quality 2. Over-capacity increases the cost of operations Under-capacity Over-capacity 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 Demand (Passengers) 2 100 1 Minimum service 50 0 0 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 Time

Resource-driven service Service Offer Final Time Table Number of Vehicles Final Schedule Demand Resource Schedule

Demand-driven service Required Level of Service Service Offer Final Time Table Final Schedule Demand Resource Schedule Requires Optimization

Leverage your technology investments AVL Measured Runtimes Ridership data AFC APC Improve your on-time performance Align your offer to the demand

Government Constantly changing environment Industry Disruptive technology and service offers Laws and Regulation Operator Quality of Service Clients Collective Agreement Union

Electrical buses bring new considerations More electric buses than diesel might be required for same service Electric bus Diesel: Electric: In-service time Off-service time (DH, pulls, layover) Recharging time Time to & from a charging station + = Time unavailable for service

How to schedule electric buses Recharge activity at trip terminal Recharge activity at depot Electric bus State of charge (%) at trip end

On-demand transport where, when and how? Can complement well fixed route service Where and when to implement it? How to deploy it? Operate it yourself? Through private operators? Combine with taxi service?

Integrated Mobility - Laval, Canada Challenge Determine if fixed routes in low-density areas can be replaced by on-demand services Find the best trade-off between operation costs and service quality Preliminary results On-demand services using HASTUS optimizers can achieve significant savings vs fixed routes Increase in overall service quality

New Laws and Regulations - Hong-Kong Challenge Kowloon Motor Bus operates over 4000 buses Ridership was low on many routes limiting financial profitability At the time, KMB was permitting limited interlining and no bus hopping In 2011, the minimum meal break was set to gradually increase from 30 minutes to 60 minutes Source: http://www.thb.gov.hk/eng/psp/speeches/transport/land/2015/0429_lcq10_annex_e.pdf

New Laws and Regulations - Hong-Kong Results Implemented HASTUS in 2012 Allowed bus hopping and additional interlining Adjusted service to better fit the demand Δ = 5% Δ = 8% SOURCE

Conclusion Focus should be ridership and not only capacity Superior P&S system: Increases efficiency by improving resource utilization Increases effectiveness by aligning offer to demand Provides required agility and digital intelligence to adapt to changing landscape Increase capacity + Right technology (Smart Cities ITS) = Maximize benefits

Thank you! Mohab Abla Account Manager GIRO Inc. mohab.abla@giro.ca /company/giro