Electric Vehicles as a Grid Resource Lessons Learned for Driving Value from EV Charging Programs Valerie Nibler Olivine, Inc. PLMA 38 th Conference Austin, Texas November 14, 2018
Overview Transportation Electrification in Context Climate Change Load Growth Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) Programs Sonoma Clean Power GridSavvy EPIC BMW Total Charge Management Program Design Accomplishments Lessons Learned to Increase Grid Value
Clean Transportation Key to Addressing Climate Change GHG emissions from transportation: 41% in California; 28% in U.S. Transportation electrification can help meet climate goals and renewables targets GHG benefits of EVs realized through high penetrations of renewables Use DR potential of EVs to shape, shift, shed & shimmy to integrate more renewables Source: CARB California Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory - 2018 Edition With Demand Response, EVs can support higher penetration of intermittent renewables
Electric Vehicle Loads Projected to Grow Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-71500. Load growth projections: EVs could drive 20% to 38% rise in US electricity demand by 2050 (NREL, 2018) California EV chargers could add 1 GW peak demand by 2025 (CEC, 2018) Risks Unmanaged charging drives new peaks Transformer and substation impacts Opportunities New revenue streams Enable higher renewables penetration 69% of utilities considering managed charging DR programs (SEPA, 2017)
Olivine Partners to Deliver Residential VGI Programs Sonoma Clean Power GridSavvy Grid-connected appliances helping create a cleaner California grid EV charging stations (Level 2) first devices in GridSavvy Expanding to heat pump water heaters, smart thermostats, Goals: electrification, stable grid powered by renewable energy EPIC BMW Total Charge Management Managed charging for varied use cases: Retail rate optimization GHG reduction Demand response California Energy Commission research-focused grant
Overview: GridSavvy Program for EV Chargers Free Electric Vehicle Charger (Level 2) Ordered through GridSavvy Web Store Customer pays 50% of charger cost upfront, plus sales tax and shipping & handling fee 50% cost is credited back after charger installed and activated Activated means: Charger connected to WiFi At least one charging session has occurred Eligibility Active SCP customers only Limit one charger per service account Enrollment in GridSavvy not required Demand Response events (Day-Ahead) called to alleviate grid stress $5 per month bill credit for participating in GridSavvy Smart Thermostat HPWH GridSavvy Program changes set stage to scale up grid resource
Grid Perspectives & Lessons Learned - GridSavvy Program Lessons Incentive design to increase probability that devices get installed and activated Whole house approach to overcome barriers to participation in multiple DR programs Launching a single marketplace for multiple grid-connected devices EV Charging, HPWH, Smart Thermostats, DR Program Enrollment at Point-of- Purchase PG&E s Rule 24 Click-Through implemented in marketplace Grid Value Event-based conventional DR (shed) most needed during evening ramp hours EV owners already have incentives to avoid charging during evening ramp (e.g., TOU rates) Need more visibility and certainty on resource availability Standard protocols for communication between EV & EV Charging Equipment (e.g. ISO 15118) Widespread adoption of OpenADR TOU rates effective in shifting charging to off-peak periods
Overview: EPIC BMW Total Charge Management (TCM) Managed charging at home and away from home Customers opt-in for managed charging when they plug in and set a departure time When customers opt-in, Olivine receives request to run optimization Optimized charge schedules based on: Rate Schedule (Time-of-Use: Y/N) Selection of signal: CAISO: Wholesale market price (LMP) PG&E: Renewable Energy %, Excess Renewable Generation Probability EPRI: Transactive Energy Also load increase and decrease DR events with Day- Ahead notification Research informs how to manage charging and capture value across time and place
Grid Perspectives & Lessons Learned - TCM Program Lessons Incentive design encourages vehicle owners to plug-in regardless of charging needs Adding away from home charging creates more opportunity to soak up excess renewable energy More vehicle owners opt-in at home than away from home (i.e., by setting departure times) Grid Value TCM goes beyond conventional DR to show how EVs can shift usage based on dynamic grid needs Works with several signals, including a PG&E XSP signal to capture excess solar generation and negative pricing events Static retail rate structures are not always aligned with grid needs and TOU rates have potential to create new peaks TCM approach aligns charging patterns with dynamic grid needs
Lessons Learned Recap & Future Needs Program scale, load predictability and flexibility matter Whole House and TCM Approaches provide lessons for scaling Residential Programs Added flexibility: workplace and public charging solutions Added scale: Electrified Medium & Heavy-Duty Fleets, Transit, School Buses Address communications / interoperability challenges with standards EV <-> EVSE (ISO 15118) EVSE <-> Aggregator (OpenADR) Pros & cons for longer driving ranges Pro: Big factor in accelerating EV adoption Con: Unplugged EVs don t have grid value V2G policies & technologies needed to realize full potential of EVs to shimmy
Questions and Discussion Valerie Nibler Director, Project Management Olivine, Inc. Tel: 510-847-6408 Email: vnibler@olivineinc.com