Energiespeicher, Bindeglied zwischen Elektromobilität und Netz Karl-Heinz Tönges, MB-E/MS, Vortrag beim XVI. Carrier Meeting, Dresden, Donnerstag den 27. April 2017
ACCUMOTIVE Supplier of Lithium-Ion batteries within Daimler AG Mercedes-Benz Cars Mercedes-Benz Trucks Mercedes-Benz Vans Daimler Buses Daimler Financial Services 2016 Revenues 89,3 Mrd. 33,2 Mrd. 12,8 Mrd. 4,2 Mrd. 20,7 Mrd. Employees 139.947 78.642 24.029 17.899 12.062 Lithium-Ion-Batteries
Development site at Kirchheim unter Teck/Nabern, Germany - Strong R&D base Foundation: 2009 Nabern: close to Daimler AG location Site focus: Research & Development, Purchase, Personnel
Production site in Kamenz, Germany - Continuous growth story Foundation: 2009 Certificates: ISO 91001 (2008) TS 16949 (2014) Site focus: Production, Quality, Assembly Finance / IT
Layout of the new production facility Groundbreaking - 500 Mio. Invest, 80.000 m² production area
ACCUMOTIVE product portfolio Energy content 0,8 kwh Energy content 13,8 kwh Energy content 17,6 kwh Energy content 2,5 kwh Voltage 143 V Voltage 420 V Voltage 391 V Voltage 48 V Power 22 kw Power 100 kw Power 55 kw Power 66 kw Weight 23 kg Weight 112 kg Weight 175 kg Weight 37 kg
Full of energy two innovative product segments ACCUMOTIVE The knowledge transfer from automotive batteries to stationary energy systems Cell Module E-Mobility EV Battery Energy Storage
Mercedes-Benz Energy - A new star is born. Foundation: 2016 Products: Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Home Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Business Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Grid Employees: Start with 50 Today about 100 Vision: Global lead for stationary energy storage solutions Location: Kamenz, Germany
The dimensions value creation and value chain define applications from a market perspective Value creation Location on value chain Generation Fossil Renewable (RET 1 ) Transmission & Distribution Industrial End-consumer Private Power quality which matter across the energy value chain Power reliability Increased utilization of existing assets Arbitrage Energy storage has four distinct ways of creating economic value and thus can define energy storage applications 1 RET = Renewable Energy Technologies SOURCE: Battke, B., Schmidt, T.S. (2015, Applied Energy)
The dimensions value creation and value chain define applications from a market perspective Value creation Location on value chain Generation Fossil Renewable (RET 1 ) Transmission & Distribution Industrial End-consumer Private Power quality RET 1 Smoothing Frequency Regulation Voltage Regulation End-consumer Power Quality Power reliability Black Start Reserve Capacity End-consumer Power Reliability (e.g., Backup, UPS) Increased utilization of existing assets Load Following RET Firming T&D Investment Deferral Increase of Self-consumption (e.g., Residential Solar plus Storage) Arbitrage RET Arbitrage Wholesale Arbitrage Demand Charge Reduction (including fast charging for transit) 1 RET = Renewable Energy Technologies SOURCE: Battke, B., Schmidt, T.S. (2015, Applied Energy)
Profitability of applications varies across geographies - Example EU and US Value creation Location on value chain Generation Fossil Renewable (RET 1 ) Profitable in both the US + EU Profitable in the US or EU Not profitable Application irrelevant Transmission & Distribution Industrial End-consumer Private Power quality RET Smoothing Area & Frequency Regulation Support of Voltage Regulation End-consumer Power Quality Power reliability Black Start Reserve Capacity End-consumer Power Reliability (e.g., Backup, UPS) Increased utilization of existing assets Load Following RET Firming T&D Investment Deferral Increase of Self-consumption Arbitrage RET Arbitrage Wholesale Arbitrage Demand Charge Reduction (including fast charging for transit) 1 RET = Renewable Energy Technologies Source: Mercedes-Benz Energy GmbH, Battke, B., Schmidt, T.S. (2015, Applied Energy)
Battery System Size Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage 500 kwh 100 MWh Large Scale Grid Grid Off-Grid 2 nd -life 35 500 kwh Mid Scale Business C&I Off-Grid 2,5 20 kwh Small Scale Home Residential Off-Grid
Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Home - Modularwise: 2,5 kwh - Automotive standard - Lithium-Ion technology - 48 V parallel - AC/DC system - Plug & Play (one installer) - Maximize self consumption of self produced energy - 8.000 cycles - 2 years warranty - 10 years current value guarantee - 15 years spare part availability
Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Home
Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Business (C&I) Applications Backup Arbitrage Peak Shaving PV Storage EV charger Characteristics Highest quality and safety standards (TS 16949) Modular system size Cost efficiency due to serial manufacturing High voltage systems (400 1.200 V)
Mercedes-Benz Energy Storage Grid Applications Characteristics Backup Primary Reserve Peak Shaving PV Storage EV charger Highest quality and safety standards (TS 16949) Modular system size Cost efficiency due to serial manufacturing High voltage systems (400 1.200 V)
Multiple Grid Scale Storage projects in Germany - Largest 2nd-Use battery storage of the world World s largest second-use battery storage unit prepped for grid connection.
Mercedes-Benz Energy - Driven by energy innovation.
Why storage? While most people are well aware of the rise of renewables Supply perspective SHARE OF INTERMITTENT RENEABLE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, GERMANY, % ~15 ~22 ~40 Storage as missing link between electricity supply and demand Demand perspective 2010 2015 2030 Source: BMWI, Entwicklung der Energiemärkte, 2014, Agora Energiewende Die Energiewende im Stromsektor: Stand der Dinge 2015; (sum of PV, wind, and water)
Why storage? the impact of EVs on the electricity grid is less well known Supply perspective ELECTRICITY DEMAND, GW 82 What happens with 10+ mn EVs in the market? Storage as missing link between electricity supply and demand Demand perspective Peak electricity demand Germany 2015 20 Max. electricity demand of 1mn EVs charging Source: BMWI, Calculation EV: 25% at 5kW Home; 50% at 10kW enhanced charging Home or B2B; 25% at 60kW Fast Charging; simultaneous charging 20
Four questions to be addressed with respect to profitability of storage applications A1 How to define energy storage applications to understand profitability? Profitability of storage applications A2 A3 Which applications are attractive today? How does this vary by geography? How does the profitability vary within a specific application? A4 How can applications be combined in order to improve the overall business case?
Agenda Excursus Grid stability 22
About grid stability, frequency control Zuviel Strom aus Sonne und / oder Wind Strom in Speicher Energy consumption Energy production Zuwenig Strom aus Sonne und / oder Wind Strom aus Speicher
Future high penetration of renewable energy, a challenge for grid stability Higher share of renewable energy Higher volatility in grid Requirement of balancing services due to less rotating mass (inertia) in grid Further reduction of base load Handling surplus energy Assumptions: Germany, 15% power exchange with Denmark and the Netherlands, Modell DLR REMix, Lifetime thermal power plants 35 years PV Natural gas Biomass Hard coal Significant increasing of renewable energy share Wind Lignite Nuclear Reduction of conventional power generation
Future high penetration of renewable energy, a challenge for grid stability Mainly balancing Duration of storage: minutes to hours Mainly balancing + peak shifting Duration of storage: days Duration of storage : weeks Assumptions: Germany, 15% power exchange with Denmark and the Netherlands, Modell DLR REMix, Lifetime thermal power plants 35 years PV Natural gas Hard coal Wind Biomass Must-run capacity Prevents high RE share Lignite Reduced Must-run capacity allowes high RE share Nuclear
Operating and Control Reserve is divided into several products POR Fast activation Compensation: Power SOR Activation within 5 min Compensation : Power & Energy In Europe and Germany only POR is an business case today TOR Activation within 15 min Compensation : Power & Energy Minimum quantity: 5 MW
Provide balancing services, generators require a must-run capacity Must-run capacity of conventional plants (rotating Generators) Conventional plants need to run to be able to deliver balancing services Battery Systems are able to deliver balancing service positive and negative in milliseconds without Must-run
Battery system are flexible and operate without must-run capacity Provision of balancing services by conventional power plants (rotating generators) require must-run capacity and therefore close the door for high penetration of renewable energy Must-run capacity - + Any provision of balancing services by battery power plants open the door for high penetration of renewable energy This capacity available for e. g. renewable energies - +
What a battery-system can do Frequency control Secondary control Voltage Control Black start capability Reactive power support Short circuit power Peak shaving Renewable integration Optimization of internal consumption Ramping Micro grid capability 29
Agenda A B C Profitability of energy storage applications Synergies between automotive and energy Introducing Mercedes-Benz Energy 30
Synergies between automotive and energy sectors can stem from different sources 1. Economies-of-scale Economies-of-scale in R&D, purchasing and production of batteries 2. Spare part utilization Monetization of spare batteries for cars in grid integration 3. 2 nd -use of batteries 6. Autonomous fleets Communication/integration of autonomously driving fleets (cars, vans, buses) to/in energy and infrastructure sector SYNERGIES BETWEEN AUTOMOTIVE AND ENERGY Employing used automotive batteries in stationary applications 4. DC fast charging + storage Coupling DC fast charging stations with storage in order to reduce electricity costs 5. Vehicle 2 Grid Integration of cars in the electricity system 31
Thank you for your attention. Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit.