Maintenance of Infrastructure when Automated Driving Takes Over

Factors Affecting Lifetime of the Road I. Structural condition II. Functional condition III.Road Width, Geometry, Visual Guidance IV.Heavy Vehicles Using the Road V. Traffic Volume VI.Climatic Factors One bump has an effect on the pavement for almost 200 m at a speed of 100 km/h

Our road are not homogenous - how do they react with automated driving if nothing will be done? Current paving backlog

What are Infrastructure Diagnostics? Monitoring Road Condition 1. So far we have been monitoring only road surface condition (=symptoms) 2. In the future we should, and we have the tools to, monitor the root causes of the surface condition problems (diagnostics) Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND ROAD MAINTENANCE - CHALLENGES TYRE WANDER

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND ROAD MAINTENANCE - CHALLENGES POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS FOR TYRE WANDER PROBLEMS artificial tyre wander stronger structures on wheelpaths

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND ROAD MAINTENANCE - CHALLENGES PLATOON DRIVING PROBLEMS: -seasonal changes (porewater pressure) -weak subgrade soils (pumping)

What is Proactive (Preventative) Asset Management? Should we pave before crack appears? Or should we paving after cracking? Performance when Paving before crack appears Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Benefits of Proactive Winter Maintenance to Roads and Road Users Delayed snow removal from road shoulders lead to 1. traffic safety problems (water ponding and freezing), 2. deformation problems due to infiltration of water and formation of ice lenses, and 3. covered roadside markings that can further cause problems with self driving vehicles Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Benefits of Proactive Winter Maintenance to Roads and Road Users Annual Paving Costs of Connecting Roads in Karstula 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 Savings 12-16% 2016-2017 2015-2016 Rut increase (mm/year) Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Self Driving Vehicle Benefits to the Road Infrastructure Reduced pavement wear due to studded tyres from shockwave traffic jam or traffic light acceleration and breaking Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo0-ijazvuc Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

AUTOMATED DRIVING AND WINTER MAINTENANCE Rutting due to compacted snow High snow walls

ROAD CONDITION MONITORING AND PROACTIVE MAINTENANCE Modified after ROADEX 2005

Survey methods and parameters/variables used/tested for road condition diagnostics 3D Accelerometers - acceleration in x,y,z - angular velocity x,y,z - roughness (IRI etc) also from gravel roads - crossfall (up to 60 km/h) - warping risk Source: Land Rover Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

What should the EC and local authorities take into account when giving regulations and licensing CAD (Connected and Automated Driving) and heavy traffic? Problems related to tyre wander have to be solved for both trucks (deformations) and cars (studded tyres or polishing) Platoon driving on weak subgrade roads, during spring thaw and after freeze-thaw Mandatory reporting and control systems: 1. Truck total weights 2. Axle weights 3. Tyre pressures 4. The use of winter tyres Liabilities Aurora SiWIM Data Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

What should the EC and local authorities take into account when giving regulations and licensing CAD (Connected and Automated Driving) and heavy traffics? much more research is needed to produce reliable pavement design models to cope with the impacts of CAD and other future challenges Copyright Roadscanners 2017. All Rights Reserved.

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