INTRODUCING THE LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERY The Battery for Now and the Future Presented By: Johan G. Hattingh
INTRODUCTION: LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES Worldwide there is a increased demand for a greener longer lasting, sustainable batteries. Why? Lead-Acid Batteries are fast becoming unacceptable to the growing number of environmentally aware and technologically advanced communities the world over. The process of manufacturing and producing Lead-Acid Batteries has major environmental impacts like, waste, pollutant emissions and effluents during and after manufacture. Also after the battery life there is a problem to dispose these batteries.
INTRODUCTION: LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES Answer To meet the new market requirements, extensive R & D expenditure over the past 10 years produced the Lead Crystal Battery. A Greener Longer Lasting, Sustainable Battery. The lead-crystal battery technology has exclusive patents. The Lead Crystal Battery is manufactured in accordance with environmental protection standards. The Lead Crystal Battery is ideally suited for numerous global industries such as Telecommunications, automotive, electricity (solar & wind), health, transportation, computer and other industries.
DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS The architecture of Lead Crystal batteries consist of lead plates and an acidic solution of SiO2 as electrolyte. The first few charge/discharge cycles causes the electrolyte to solidify and form a non toxic crystalline substance. This results in a safe, fluid-less, high performance and environmentally friendly battery. Flame retardant (UL 94 VO) PC-ABS smoulder free plastic case and cover. Compliant with 48cm (19 ) & 58cm (23 ) and ETSI racking dimensions, can also be mounted on side with no effect to life or risk of spillage due to fluid less design. Extreme temperature range -40ºC to +65ºC. (-50ºC can be obtained by applying readily available insulation materials around the battery). Out perform any other battery at extreme temperatures due to no fluid that can freeze and expand causing bending of plates. Very low internal temperature generated during Charge and Discharge cycles. 3 step terminal seal design, No liquid inside so no risk of leakage.
DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS Emits almost no vapour compared to other conventional battery types making ventilation of battery chamber easier and less costly. Battery designed to work with a 5% Ripple current, Ripple current at 5% will affect the cycle life by 1% under normal conditions. Female M8 brass terminals, Imperial adapter kits are available. Approved as non-hazardous cargo for ground, sea and air transportation can also be transported with general goods in the same containers with no risk of contamination. 3 year factory guarantee (T&C apply). 5 year guarantee period is also available. Lead Crystal Batteries contain no harmful chemicals or acids making them environmentally friendly.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 8 hour capacity to1.80 VPC 170 amp-hours 10 hour capacity to1.80 VPC 180 amp-hours Float voltage 2.28 +/- 0.02 volts per cell Cyclic Recharge 2.45 VPC+/-0.02 no current limit Shelf life 3 years without constant float charging Impedance (fully charged battery) 3 mω Short Circuit Current 5,400 Amps Voltage 12 Volts
LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES VERSUS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 1. Battery Life Lead-crystal batteries, will in general have between 900 to 1000 charge discharge cycles (7 to 10 year battery life). 10 hour capacity to1.80 VPC 180 amp-hours Under similar conditions Lead-acid batteries will have between 300 to 350 charge discharge cycles ( 2 to 3 year battery life). This results in a lead crystal battery to have an expected useful life of more than double that of the life of a lead-acid batter 2. Shelf Life Lead Crystal Batteries - very slow discharge rate if fully charged before stored. Lead Crystal Battery use immediately no additional charge stores for 2 years Simplifies Logistics - No need to charge batteries in stock every few months.
LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES VERSUS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 3. High-Rate Discharge Lead-crystal battery technology allows for a high-rate discharge of up to 10C. This Lead-acid batteries only work optimally at a discharge rate of up to 3C. 4. Excellent Charge Performance The Lead Crystal Battery has a charge time, 5 times faster than that of lead acid batteries. This simplifies battery maintenance dramatically and saves on fuel. 5. Depth of Discharge The Lead crystal battery can be discharged to 0 Volt - restore to full rated capacity. Lead-acid battery - restore with difficulty, more than likely not recover at all. This effectively increases Lead Crystal usable battery capacity by 25%.
LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES VERSUS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 6. Low Temperature Resistance Lead crystal batteries can function in temperature ranges of - 40 to + 65 deg.c Deliver more than 85% of its rated capacity at minus 40 degrees Celsius. Lead-acid batteries loose their discharge ability under sub-zero conditions. 7. Green Lead crystal batteries use new materials, new processes and new formulas. No mist or a harmful, gaseous emission, the basic electrolyte is neutral, noncorrosive, etc. Lead crystal batteries will not cause pollution - in line with ever increasing environmental protection requirements.
LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES VERSUS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 8. Safe to Transport Lead crystal batteries are classified as non-hazardous devices and are safe to transport by land, sea and air - Non Corrosive electrolyte composition Lead-acid batteries may not be transported by air. Please see the Lead Crystal Batteries versus Lead-Acid Batteries Table
LEAD CRYSTAL BATTERIES VERSUS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES ITEM ACID GEL Range of Working Temperature LEAD CRYSTAL LITHIUM SUPERIOR PRODUCT -18 C to + 45 C -18 C to + 50 C -40 C to + 65 C -20 C to + 65 C Lead Crystal Battery Life 2-3 Years 3-4 Years 6-10 Years 5-8 Years Lead Crystal Environment Not Friendly Not Friendly Friendly Friendly Lead Crystal & Lithium Safety Transportation Discharge Cycle at 80% Not Good Normal Good Good 450 500 1000 1000 Lead Crystal & Lithium Lead Crystal & Lithium Discharge Ability at High Current Work Ability as a Battery Pack Not Good Not Good Good Normal Lead Crystal OK OK Good Normal Lead Crystal Cost Lowest Low Slightly Higher than Gel Much Higher than Gel Acid
VALUE PROPOSITION Cost effective battery solution Reducing energy costs and environmental impact. Off-Grid Sites: Energy cost reduction using Lead-crystal batteries in a hybrid solution reduces fuel consumption, improve performance, lower truck rolls. Lowering operating expenses. Improving service quality - Increase Availability. Reduce your carbon footprint. Support hybrid power sources The battery can be discharged 100% and can be recharged with no special charging processes, no memory is formed. When overcharged, the battery will recover normal. Recharges up to 5 times faster than competitive products.
COMPARISON GRAPHS Self Discharge Curve (25 C) 13.0 12.8 Lead Crystal Battery NSB Battery GEL Battery Lead-Acid Battery 100% 88% 12.6 75% OCV (Voltage) 12.4 12.2 12.0 11.8 63% 50% 38% 25% 11.6 13% 11.4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Duration Day 0%
COMPARISON GRAPHS Charging Current (CA) 0.20 Charging Voltage (V) Time (h) Lead Crystal Battery NSB Battery GEL Battery Lead-Acid Battery Charging Voltage Charging Current 0.18 0.16 14.4 0.14 0.12 13.2 0.10 0.08 12.0 0.06 0.04 10.8 0.02 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
COMPARISON GRAPHS Cycle Life Curves (25 C) 100 Capacity Rate (%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Lead Crystal Battery NSB Battery GEL Battery Lead-Acid Battery Cycles Time (70% DOD)
COMPARISON GRAPHS Cycle Life Curves (25 C) Lead Crystal Battery NSB Battery GEL Battery Lead-Acid Battery 100 Capacity Rate (%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Life Cycle (Year)
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