992% 10% ( 1 111, 101, 91 (2000 ( 10% + 50% 5 30% (knock The Effect Of Adding Ethanol To leaded Gasoline on The Performance of Spark Ignition Engine Dr AR Habbo University of Mosul College of Eng Mech Eng Dept MrHS Hammodi University of Mosul College of Eng Mech Eng Dept Abstract In this study the effect of adding pure ethanol (992% to leaded gasoline on the performance of spark ignition engine have been investigated All tests were carried out using ethanol- leaded gasoline blends (,,, and at various compression ratio ( 91, 101 and 111 for different ignition time ( 0º TDC- 30º BTDC, engine speed of 2000 rpm and an equivalence ratio ( 1 The experimental results showed that blending leaded gasoline with ethanol slightly increased the torque, specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature and in particular when, and blends are used However, results also shows a significant reduction in exhaust emission for high percentage ethanol-gasoline blend, ie for, and In addition to all that blending gasoline with ethanol allows engine to operate at high compression ratio without knock occurrence Keywords- Spark ignition engine; Alternative fuel ; Exhaust emission 2009/10/8 33 2008/11/20
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol18 No4 August 2010 CA g/kw h CA kj/kg Nm rpm kw 10% + 20% + 30% + % + 50% + 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% ANN ATDC BSFC BTDC CO C 2 H 5 OH CA LCV MBT N Pb Nm Sec CA = = (A/F st / (A/F act (A/F act / (A/F st Sg f T t TDC TEL UHC WOT [3,2,1] 1 2 (KNOCK (C 2 H 5 OH (HC (CO [6,5,4] 3 34
[7] 99% [1] 25% (25%-0% (83%, 9%, 7%, 57% MAL-HASAN 4 75% (465%, 243% 111 [4] (60%, %, 20%, 10%, 0% (131-81 81 HÜSEYIN SEDAR YÜCESU 5 (5000-2000 111 60% 5000 2000 995% (60%, %, 20%, 10%, 0% (10-36 BTDC ( [6] TOLGA TOPGÜL 1 (101, 81 (MBT 6 [7] HAKAN BAYRABTAR 7 1500 93% 75% 15% (21%-15% (10 BTDC 165% 8 (8251, 775% (MBT [8] HÜSEYINSEDAR YÜCESU 9 (60%, %, 20%, 10% (ANN (ARTIFICIAL NEURALNETWORK ( 11 (ANN 10 [9] FIKRET YÜKSEL, BEDRI YÜKSEL 81 11 35
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol18 No4 August 2010 (2850-1200 (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% 60% (111-51 (Faryman A30 (30 BTDC to 10 BTDC (1 (carburator (1 (1 (CO 2 % vol (O 2 % vol ( Lambda 125 (Multigas mod 488 (CO%vol (UHC ppm vol ( 1/ 36
(1 Item Specification Item Specification Engine type Faryman A30 marine diesel engine Ignition timing (petrol 30 BTDC 10 ATDC to Number of cylinder 1 Compression ratio 51 to 181 Cylinder bore 95mm Fuel system (petrol Carburetor Stroke 82mm Fuel system (diesel Fuel enjection Cycle 4-stroke Cooling system Water-coold Swept volume 582cm 3 Engine oil (sump 2 liters Speed range 1000 to 2500 rev/min Fuel tanks 10 liters Maximum power 7Kw Cooling water reservoir 1 liter Maximum torque 50 Nm Ignition timing (petrol 30 BTDC 10 ATDC to 992% (,,,,, IROX 2000 (2 (2 Fuel Type SPG f 07282 07318 07378 07459 07469 07583 RON 76 83 89 95 99 101 (10-5 91 (Micrometer 3000 (WOT 16 ( (=1 (0 TDC 2000 (Hanhart 37
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol18 No4 August 2010 ( (CO% vol (5 CA 10% (5 BTDC ( (30 BTDC (HC ppm vol 111 101 (SPARK TIMING 1 (MAXIMUM BRAKE TORQUE MBT 20 (E60,,,,,, 91 (20 BTDC (4,3,2 2 (91,101,111 (2, (MBT (20 BTDC (20 BTDC (,, 101 (15 BTDC (MBT (3 (,, (,, (KNOCK 3 (, 20% 111 (4 (4 (10 BTDC (15 BTDC, (20 BTDC ( 4 (0 TDC (5 BTDC ( 5 (C 2 H 5 OH 38
(EXPANSION STROCK 38 38 36 34 36 32 34 30 28 32 30 28 26 CR=101 26 24 22 20 18 CR=91 (3 (2 42 38 36 34 32 30 28 CR=111 0 5 10 15 20 25 (4 (BSFC (7,6,5 (Brake power (MBT 2 NT Pb = 3 60 10 ( kw(1 3 16( ml Sg f 10 3600 mf = t ( kg / h(2 mf BSFC = Pb ( g / (3 (LCV (LCV 39
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol18 No4 August 2010 (4 3 320 300 CR=101 380 360 3 320 CR=91 280 300 260 280 2 260 2 220 220 200 200 (6 (5 780 760 7 720 CR=91 3 320 300 CR=111 700 280 680 260 660 6 2 620 220 600 200 0 5 10 15 20 25 (8 (7 (10,9,8 (heat loss 7 720 700 CR=111 780 760 7 720 CR=101 680 700 680 660 660 6 6 620 620 0 5 10 15 20 25 600 (10 (9
(CO (13,12,11 (MBT (Dissociation ( ( 020 018 016 014 012 CR=101 016 014 012 010 CR=91 010 008 008 006 006 004 002 004 002 000-5 (12 000-5 (11 100 80 60 CR=91 016 014 012 010 CR=111 008 006 004 20 002 0-5 (14 000-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Ignition TIming ( o CA, BTDC (13 (16,15,14 91 111, 101 (Crevices volume 41
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol18 No4 August 2010 80 60 CR=111 100 80 CR=101 60 20 20 0-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 (16 0-5 (15 (50% - 10% (BSFC - -1-2 -3 (CO (HC (CO (HC 30% -4-5 1 M Al-Hasan, "Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission", Transaction of PERGAMON, journal of Energy conversion and management, vol 44, PP 1547-1561, 2003 2 Maher AR Sadiq Al-BAGHDADI, "A simulation model for a single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine fueled with alternative fuels" Transaction of TUBITAK, Journal, vol 30, PP 331-350, 2006 3 E ZERVAS, X MONTAGNE, AND J LAHAYE, "Emissions of regulated pollutants from a spark ignition engine Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio", Journal of environmental science & technology, vol 37, No 14, PP 3232-3238, 2003 4 Hüseyin Serdar Yücesu, Tolga Topgül, Can Cinar, Melih Okur, "Effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratios", 42
Transaction of ELSEVIER, Journal of applied thermal engineering, vol 26, PP 2272-2278, 2006 5 MA Ceviz, F Yüksel, "Effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on cyclic variability and emissions in an SI engine", Transaction of ELSEVIER, Journal of applied thermal engineering, vol 25, PP 917-925, 2005 6 Tolga, Topgül, Hüseyin Serdar Yücesu, Can Cinar, Atilla Koca, "The effects of ethanolunleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on engine performance and exhaust emissions", Transaction of ELSEVIER, Journal of Renewable energy, vol 31, PP 2534-2542, 2006 7 Hukan Bayraktar, "Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline-ethanol blends in spark ignition engines", Transaction of ELSEVIER, Journal of Renewable energy, vol 30 PP 1733-1747, 2005 8 H Serdar Yücecu, Adnan Sonzen, Tolga Topgül, Erol Arcaklioglu, "Comparative study of mathematical and experimental analysis of spark ignition engine performance used ethanolgasoline blends fuel", Transaction of ELSEVIER, Journal of applied thermal engineering, vol 27, PP 358-368, 2007 9 Fikret Yüksel, Bedri Yüksel, "The use of ethanol-gasoline blend as a fuel in an SI engine", Transaction of ELSVIER, Journal of renewable energy, vol 29, PP 1181-1191, 2004 43