-GRIDS FOR ENABLING SMART GRIDS WITH DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES, DEMAND RESPONSE AND STORAGE FOR ELECTRICITY Contribution to DUE (Domestic Use of Energy) conference, Capetown, April 1th 2015. Harry Stokman, Foundation and René Kamphuis, TNO and TU/Eindhoven
2 April 1, 2015 Policy issues European Union Electricity grids have to deliver the biggest proportion
April 3 1, 2015 Power flows in electricity grids Large generation CHP, Wind HV/MV Transmission Industry LV Regional LV Regional LV Regional LV/MV Distribution
April 4 1, 2015 Evolution of electricity grids Large generators New types of generation Electrification Simultaneous/ bidirectional Synergy electr./gas/heat/cold Combined heat/power, wind HV/MV Transmission Industry µ CCHP Solar cells LV Regional LV Regional LV Regional LV/MV Distribution EVs Heatpumps,Air
5 April 1, 2015 Are the potentials realizable (NL study 2014)?? Realized solar power and potential for placement of PV 0.7 GW realized 16 GW without upgrading the electricity grid with equal spreading 66 GW overall Potential in the built environment 0.1 GW
April 6 1, 2015 -grids are intruding Worldwide standard More USB connectors than people Driven by EU Roadmap USB powers PC s and TV s from 2015
350Vdc 230Vac AC 2% 3% LLC 221,2W 0,3% 214,6Wp converter 1% Inrush 240,6Wp LLC converter 1% 238,2Wp 212,4Wp Load Load AC 241,3Wp 225,7Wp RECTIFIER PFC Transform Transform Consumer Consumer 2% 0,5% Harmonics and ohm losses ohm losses 230,3Wp AC 5% Inverter 242,5Wp 3% 242,5Wp Power optimizer 3% Power optimizer 250Wp PV panel PV panel Consumer 250Wp Consumer 15,1% losses 37,6W heat 4,8% losses 11,8W heat AC/ losses (generation to load: 15.1 <> 4.8 %)
Hybrid road maps for AC and power infrastructures
Hybrid road maps: interfacing possibilities exist
-grid application areas Residential homes Domestic Intelligent Grid 1..3kW Optie bij centraal 3...20kW <100W Straat AC 3...20kW LV or MV distrubution AC LV infrastructuur LVAC infrastructuur USB 3.0 PD1.0 5..100W LED 5..60W Huis ROUTER AC Wa rmtepomp /AC motor drivers Balans ventilatie Koelkast Opslag in de wijk www.gelijkstroom.nl
Application areas Residential homes Public lighting Example: 500 Public Lights of 60W in the Netherlands based on: ±350Vdc Grids Earth fault protection 1..10mA Cable quality and state is known Lighting Protection Arc detection Corrosion protection Fully controlled Smart grid (Current/OS) Power Line Communication G3 protocol connected to the cloud No Breaking Current needed for protection Cable length > 2km HVAC transmission lines area
Application areas Residential homes Public lighting Horticultural 51 HPS 600W bulbs with Bouvardia grower Vreeken
Application areas Residential homes Public lighting Horticultural Office environments
April 14 1, 2015 Smart -grids may be linked to demand response and increase the embedding percentage of renewables (Pro-)Active distribution grids (nano-grids) Support of congested electricity infrastructure; microgrids Heat/cold storage (cheap buffering of energy)
April 15 1, 2015 DG-RES Impact on electricity grids (PV Solar)
April 16 1, 2015 DG-RES impact on grid (PV solar; cloudy)
April 17 1, 2015 DG-RES penetration (PV solar; diffuse)
April 18 1, 2015 DG-RES penetration (Wind) 6000 5000 realization forecast Wind Power (MW) 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (15 min. intervals)
April 19 1, 2015 Demand flexibility also commercially usable Day-ahead market prices market prices
20 April 1, 2015 Flexibility is needed SE: Smart Energy Demand Coalition
21 April 1, 2015 High DG-RES percentages require flexible demand
New roles need to be enabled 22 April 1, 2015
Tools for flexibility providers via ICT layers in smarter grids
Subtask of Phase 3 - Philosophy 24 April 1, 2015 Systems view on enabling flexibility in the smart grid Policy Central Generation Technology Smart Grid Homes / Buildings T&D Network Flexibility Home Energy Management Systems -Photovoltaics -Electric Vehicles -Heat Pumps -Smart Meters -CHP IEA DSM Task 17 Phase 3 Customers Market Distributed Generation Customer
April 25 1, 2015 Phase 3: Look and analyze this theme from system view Task-17 Phase 3 (2014+) 10: Role and potentials of flexible households and buildings 11: Changes and impact on the grid and market operation 12: Sharing experiences and finding best practices 13: Conclusions and recommendations
ICT and coordination; example project
Building VPPs with PowerMatcher AGENTS Agent Capacity Management Generic Protocol
Congestion management with heat pumps (7 days) Realisations (normal: green/congested: red)
Renewable April 29 1, 2015 Hoogkerk fieldtest: 45 household living lab Propositions have to be based on driving forces of customers Smart cost saving Scope: PV, μ CHP, heat pump, washing machine, dish washer Utilize renewables Independent Comfort Together Minimize cost Lowest price Retain comfort
April 30 1, 2015 ICT-context: Energy dashboard information Variable price for energy (realtime, history) kwh vs price Feedback on cost-effective operation of devices Monthly cost-saving Usage at several tariff zones Home balance: kw, kwh (real-time, history) Community balance: kwh (in real-time, history) Monthly usage per energy carrier
April 31 1, 2015 Questions?? Tim.Zijderveld@gelijkspanning.org http://www.ieadsm.org/viewtask.aspx?id=16&task=17&sort=0 rene.kamphuis@tno.nl Matthias.Stifter@ait.ac.at Foundation www.dcfoundation.org Direct Current BV www.directcurrent.nl www.gelijkstroom.nl