Vol. 47 2016 37 2 * 1 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 1 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 3 Association between the Frequency of Using a Cafeteria and Dietary Intakes among Registered Dietetics Students in Relation to Location of Residence Akemi NAKANISHI* 1, Kumi ETO* 2, Sanae ITO* 3, Rieko TOMIMATSU* 3, Kaori HORIBATA* 1, Kayo MATSUSHITA* 4, Sanae NISHIMURA* 5, Hisako TANAKA* 6, Yukari TAKEMI* 7, Hiromi ISHIDA* 3 Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between frequency of using a cafeteria and dietary intakes in relation to location of residence among registered dietetics students. Methods: Respondents included 686 students from the first to the third year at Kagawa Nutrition University who agreed to participate in the survey. The survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire and a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire BDHQ in December 2013 while the cafeteria was closed and in May 2014 after the cafeteria had re-opened. Data from 580 students with valid responses to the two questionnaires were used in the analysis. Respondents were divided into three groups by frequency of using the cafeteria: three or more times per week 17, 1-2 times per week 38, and 0 times per week 45. Changes in the source of dietary intakes before and after the cafeteria was closed were analyzed in relation to frequency of using the cafeteria and location of residence. Result: Students who used the cafeteria 0 time per week after it re-opened were more likely to live with their family at home. Among students who used the cafeteria more than three times per week, the frequency of bringing a lunch-box and the frequency of buying lunch at a convenience store or supermarket decreased after the cafeteria re-opened compared to when it was closed, regardless of location of residence. Students who used the cafeteria three or more times per week and were living in the student boarding house or dormitory reported significantly higher intakes of energy, iron, retinol equivalent, vitamin D, f ish and seafood, green and yellow vegetables, and lower intakes of fruits before the cafeteria closed than when it re-opened. Students who used the cafeteria three or more times per week and lived with family at home reported signif icantly higher intakes of f ish and seafood, and lower intakes of eggs and bread before the cafeteria closed than when it re-opened. Conclusion: Frequent use of the school cafeteria was associated with increased dietary intake, including iron, retinol equivalent, and vitamin D, especially among students who were living in the student boarding house or dormitory. Key words,,, 1, Laboratory of Food Service Management, Kagawa Nutrition University 2, Laboratory of International Development and Cooperation, Kagawa Nutrition University 3, Laboratory of Administrative Dietetics, Kagawa Nutrition University 4, Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Education and Promotion, Kagawa Nutrition University 5, Laboratory of Department of Applied Nutrition and Dietetics, Kagawa Nutrition University 6, Laboratory of Public Health Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University 7, Laboratory of Nutrition Ecology, Kagawa Nutrition University
38,,,,,,,, 2, 3 1, 1 430,,,,, 250 380,, 50 100,,, 1,,,, 1 80 kcal,,, 1,,,, 2013 11 14 2014 1 13,,, 2, 3,,,, 3 1, 2, 3, 1., 2013 1 3 686, 2013 12, 2014 5,,,,, 286 2. 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 5, 3 4, 1 2, 0 4,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,, 3,,,,, 2,,, 1, BDHQ: Brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire 4, 5 kcal/, 1,, BMI Body Mass Index; kg m 2 3. 686, BDHQ 644, 6, 30 3 60 1, BDHQ
39, EER 6 0.5, EER 6 1.5, 54, 0 580, 580, 1 189, 2 188, 3 203 2013,, 1 5 19 3 3 4 81 14 3 100 17 1 2 219 38 1 2, 0 261 45 0 3,,,,,, 2,,, 2,, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis,, t,,,, TukeyHSD,, Games-Howell IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 IBM Japan, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 5 1. 1, 0 1 2 3, 0, 2. 2-1 1 3 n 100 1 2 n 219 0 n 261 20.4 0.8 20.4 1.0 19.9 0.9 0.001 cm 159.0 5.7 158.4 5.2 158.7 5.3 0.651 kg 52.7 6.5 52.8 7.3 52.7 6.5 0.989 BMI kg/m 2 20.8 2.2 21.0 2.4 20.9 2.3 0.834 53 53 92 42 71 27 0.001 47 47 127 58 190 73,, 2 BMI: Body Mass Index 3, 1 2,, 0,,,,,, 2-2 3,, 1 2,,, 0,,,,,,,, 1 2, 3., 3-1, 3,,,, D,,
40 2-1 a 3 b 1 2 c 0 n 53 n 92 n 71 3 19 36 2 4 0.001 47 51 26 28 0.001 42 59 37 52 0.465 0.081 0.001 1 2 18 34 16 30 26 28 36 39 12 17 17 24 0 16 30 35 66 19 21 30 33 17 24 17 24 3 0 0 2 4 0.157 2 0 1 1 0.276 4 2 1 1 0.066 0.152 0.486 0 53 100 51 96 90 100 91 99 67 98 70 99 3 28 53 3 6 0.001 38 41 30 33 0.440 21 30 22 31 0.019 0.001 0.001 1 2 21 40 26 49 33 36 43 47 20 28 30 42 0 4 8 24 45 21 23 19 21 30 42 19 27 3 0 0 0 0 0.593 1 1 0 0 0.564 1 1 1 1 0.180 0.187 0.183 1 2 6 11 8 15 6 7 6 7 1 1 4 6 0 47 89 45 85 85 92 86 93 69 97 66 93 3 2 4 1 2 0.559 0 0 0 0 0.016 0 0 1 1 0.013 0.064 0.574 1 2 9 17 8 15 11 12 22 24 5 7 12 17 0 42 79 44 83 81 88 70 76 66 93 58 82 Wilcoxon,, Kruskal-Wallis 2-2 a 3 b 1 2 c 0 n 47 n 127 n 190 3 8 17 3 6 0.011 22 17 18 14 0.034 34 18 23 12 0.040 0.831 0.268 1 2 11 23 6 13 24 19 17 13 31 16 36 19 0 28 60 38 81 81 64 92 72 125 66 131 69 3 11 23 0 0 0.001 55 43 35 28 0.002 121 64 101 53 0.065 0.001 0.001 1 2 8 17 7 15 14 11 23 18 19 10 39 21 0 28 60 40 85 58 46 69 54 50 26 50 26 3 22 47 1 2 0.001 43 34 27 21 0.035 25 13 31 16 0.145 0.001 0.004 1 2 20 43 32 68 53 42 68 54 73 38 73 38 0 5 11 14 30 31 24 32 25 92 48 86 45 3 0 0 0 0 0.366 1 1 1 1 0.683 1 1 1 1 0.057 0.009 0.677 1 2 9 19 6 13 16 13 18 14 10 5 21 11 0 38 81 41 87 110 87 108 85 179 94 168 88 3 0 0 1 2 0.109 0 0 3 2 0.005 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.014 0.058 1 2 6 13 10 21 21 17 32 25 12 6 32 17 0 41 87 36 77 106 83 92 72 178 94 158 83, Wilcoxon Wilcoxon,, Kruskal-Wallis
41 3-1, a 3 b 1 2 c 0 n 53 n 92 n 71 1 kcal 1,328 268 1,514 342 0.001 1,334 265 1,375 307 0.193 1,359 315 1,407 316 0.113 0.798 0.039 a b 14.1 2.1 14.7 2.0 0.058 13.9 2.2 14.2 1.9 0.248 13.6 2.6 13.5 2.1 0.675 0.522 0.074 26.1 6.3 27.4 4.6 0.053 26.1 4.8 26.8 4.6 0.184 25.8 5.0 27.0 5.6 0.073 0.900 0.766 57.1 7.5 55.6 5.6 0.088 57.5 6.2 56.3 5.8 0.060 57.3 8.4 55.9 7.8 0.083 0.925 0.788 mg/1,000 kcal 1,262 313 1,328 330 0.063 1,269 374 1,229 328 0.149 1,266 407 1,179 304 0.032 0.994 0.039 a c mg/1,000 kcal 287 99 292 106 0.627 279 106 272 99 0.420 296 118 276 88 0.118 0.609 0.458 mg/1,000 kcal 3.8 0.8 4.1 0.9 0.007 3.8 0.9 3.9 0.9 0.288 3.8 1.1 3.6 0.8 0.083 0.915 0.008 a c g/1,000 kcal 321 152 373 195 0.032 329 145 335 165 0.750 360 227 331 152 0.235 0.494 0.329 D g/1,000 kcal 4.5 3.2 5.6 2.5 0.029 4.5 3.1 5.2 3.0 0.057 5.0 3.4 4.5 2.4 0.212 0.502 0.066 B 1 mg/1,000 kcal 0.41 0.08 0.42 0.07 0.268 0.41 0.08 0.40 0.07 0.172 0.39 0.10 0.38 0.08 0.291 0.298 0.007 a c B 2 mg/1,000 kcal 0.70 0.18 0.74 0.19 0.060 0.69 0.18 0.70 0.17 0.476 0.71 0.21 0.68 0.14 0.234 0.764 0.121 g/1,000 kcal 171 46 184 65 0.091 171 63 171 62 0.994 175 68 156 45 0.004 0.985 0.017 a c C mg/1,000 kcal 62 21 63 23 0.771 63 30 58 27 0.076 62 28 52 25 0.001 0.924 0.068 g/1,000 kcal 6.1 1.4 6.4 1.6 0.193 6.4 2.0 6.1 1.7 0.064 6.4 1.9 5.6 1.6 0.001 0.540 0.043 a c g/1,000 kcal 5.0 1.2 5.2 0.7 0.295 4.9 1.0 5.1 1.0 0.061 5.0 1.2 4.6 0.8 0.002 0.633 0.001 ab c 1 g/1,000 kcal 92.3 64.9 85.7 66.6 0.399 81.9 70.1 76.1 58.3 0.430 83.3 80.5 83.7 62.9 0.962 0.687 0.598 g/1,000 kcal 40.2 20.3 40.6 11.6 0.898 37.5 17.2 39.1 16.6 0.364 29.5 14.8 34.1 17.1 0.0496 0.001 ab c 0.042 a c g/1,000 kcal 24.6 19.6 33.3 15.7 0.004 25.3 17.2 30.7 15.4 0.004 26.6 17.4 27.5 16.7 0.740 0.808 0.124 g/1,000 kcal 22.4 13.2 21.2 13.0 0.575 22.6 13.0 19.9 13.1 0.033 24.4 15.9 22.4 14.1 0.298 0.666 0.497 g/1,000 kcal 28.7 23.7 27.4 19.4 0.687 31.2 24.0 26.2 21.1 0.020 29.2 24.0 28.1 22.5 0.670 0.794 0.856 g/1,000 kcal 21.9 16.4 20.6 13.8 0.614 22.5 17.7 19.3 14.6 0.085 25.1 22.4 20.8 20.0 0.127 0.597 0.827 g/1,000 kcal 43.9 24.6 51.9 32.4 0.045 45.0 31.5 45.4 31.2 0.896 43.6 31.9 41.1 27.7 0.508 0.955 0.150 g/1,000 kcal 77.7 35.5 82.8 44.6 0.345 86.5 50.8 77.2 41.4 0.022 85.7 53.1 69.7 33.0 0.009 0.539 0.185 g/1,000 kcal 47.4 39.0 34.6 30.7 0.017 52.5 47.4 34.7 26.5 0.001 48.6 37.7 32.4 29.2 0.001 0.748 0.866 g/1,000 kcal 191.8 77.7 184.4 55.5 0.422 195.3 63.0 189.9 58.4 0.325 182.9 81.6 184.3 74.7 0.873 0.556 0.806 g/1,000 kcal 23.2 16.0 20.5 14.5 0.215 24.2 19.7 24.1 16.1 0.951 23.8 22.9 22.5 17.3 0.627 0.957 0.418 g/1,000 kcal 40.7 32.1 35.9 22.7 0.269 32.4 24.2 37.4 27.6 0.059 35.8 34.5 30.5 21.7 0.120 0.274 0.176 g/1,000 kcal 37.1 27.1 40.8 22.8 0.341 38.5 22.1 41.2 21.1 0.213 47.2 32.8 50.7 31.7 0.215 0.068 0.073 g/1,000 kcal 18.1 30.2 21.4 28.3 0.431 26.3 38.2 29.4 57.7 0.492 25.8 50.3 31.5 38.8 0.178 0.465 0.452 t,, TukeyHSD, Games-Howell,
42 3-2, a 3 b 1 2 c 0 n 47 n 127 n 190 1 kcal 1,580 392 1,643 406 0.150 1,622 351 1,674 333 0.081 1,610 358 1,622 338 0.604 0.789 0.421 15.1 2.4 15.2 2.1 0.902 15.0 2.3 15.2 2.0 0.188 15.4 2.3 15.5 2.3 0.551 0.244 0.294 28.1 4.0 29 5.0 0.245 28.2 4.4 29.2 4.3 0.015 28.8 4.9 29.5 4.6 0.022 0.450 0.666 53.7 5.4 52.5 6.1 0.168 54.6 5.9 53.2 5.3 0.012 54.0 6.4 52.8 5.8 0.005 0.604 0.699 mg/1,000 kcal 1,381 345 1,394 297 0.732 1,379 288 1,351 320 0.265 1,493 412 1,434 383 0.005 0.013 b c 0.118 mg/1,000 kcal 279 81 284 75 0.561 284 80 290 87 0.351 314 104 306 95 0.118 0.007 ab c 0.167 mg/1,000 kcal 4.5 1.0 4.4 0.9 0.501 4.2 0.8 4.3 0.9 0.537 4.5 1.1 4.4 1.0 0.153 0.059 0.548 g/1,000 kcal 409 190 411 140 0.946 396 155 416 154 0.149 424 175 428 179 0.750 0.353 0.722 D g/1,000 kcal 5.7 3.0 6.3 2.5 0.199 6.7 3.7 6.9 3.1 0.660 6.6 3.1 6.8 2.9 0.360 0.204 0.537 B 1 mg/1,000 kcal 0.45 0.09 0.45 0.08 0.913 0.45 0.07 0.44 0.07 0.219 0.47 0.09 0.46 0.08 0.006 0.035 b c 0.116 B 2 mg/1,000 kcal 0.75 0.18 0.73 0.15 0.321 0.71 0.14 0.73 0.16 0.139 0.76 0.18 0.76 0.17 0.828 0.012 b c 0.165 g/1,000 kcal 202 63 201 60 0.880 194 53 190 62 0.437 209 71 200 66 0.029 0.089 0.371 C mg/1,000 kcal 73 29 72 27 0.661 73 25 64 25 0.001 78 31 69 27 0.001 0.252 0.168 g/1,000 kcal 6.7 1.8 6.6 1.7 0.892 6.7 1.7 6.5 1.7 0.066 7.3 2.3 6.8 2.0 0.001 0.024 b c 0.466 g/1,000 kcal 5.3 0.9 5.5 1.0 0.251 5.4 1.1 5.3 1.0 0.969 5.4 1.0 5.3 0.9 0.290 0.809 0.504 1 g/1,000 kcal 63.7 55.4 62.3 55.2 0.800 64.8 52.8 68.0 52.8 0.378 78.2 63.4 76.9 55.2 0.678 0.087 0.158 g/1,000 kcal 47.2 20.3 47.4 17.6 0.945 44.0 16.5 44.3 15.6 0.846 46.4 20.7 46.7 16.1 0.828 0.476 0.358 g/1,000 kcal 33.1 17.9 39.2 15.7 0.042 38.1 20.8 40.7 17.8 0.144 36.0 18.2 39.9 18.8 0.007 0.298 0.876 g/1,000 kcal 29.7 14.0 24.4 13.0 0.016 23.1 12.0 24.3 12.6 0.224 27.1 13.0 26.0 13.7 0.227 0.003 ac b 0.468 g/1,000 kcal 35.0 29.7 33.5 26.5 0.638 27.1 14.7 28.1 18.8 0.497 31.1 23.1 29.6 20.6 0.269 0.065 0.327 g/1,000 kcal 23.9 16.6 25.8 17.2 0.483 29.9 19.9 24.9 17.6 0.002 30.2 19.2 28.1 18.2 0.141 0.122 0.295 g/1,000 kcal 57.9 37.7 59.7 30.6 0.689 54.9 27.3 59.7 34.3 0.065 64.5 39.6 64.0 36.5 0.863 0.043 b c 0.504 g/1,000 kcal 90.9 35.7 99.6 51.2 0.165 97.9 46.0 94.9 41.9 0.424 112.7 54.2 103.9 46.5 0.009 0.002 ab c 0.232 g/1,000 kcal 55.7 46.0 44.4 42.5 0.068 56.8 38.3 34.9 30.3 0.001 62.5 47.0 38.2 33.7 0.000 0.426 0.252 g/1,000 kcal 177.4 56.1 173.2 53.4 0.600 175.4 57.4 169.7 60.3 0.263 171.7 58.9 169.6 59.3 0.578 0.770 0.931 g/1,000 kcal 20.4 17.0 14.6 11.1 0.008 22.0 16.3 20.6 13.3 0.348 20.1 14.1 19.5 14.7 0.433 0.564 0.037 a b g/1,000 kcal 31.1 25.4 34.1 18.1 0.425 28.1 20.2 30.2 17.6 0.184 24.7 16.1 24.6 16.1 0.886 0.073 0.001 ab c g/1,000 kcal 33.2 23.0 36.7 20.2 0.328 39.5 20.3 44.4 21.8 0.017 37.7 22.6 42.1 22.8 0.007 0.244 0.129 g/1,000 kcal 18.6 30.7 21.6 28.4 0.456 17.8 20.4 17.0 21.5 0.670 16.9 29.5 20.6 31.0 0.074 0.907 0.368 t,, TukeyHSD, Games-Howell,
43 1 2,,,,, 0,,,, C,,,,,,,,,, B1,,,,, 3 0 3-2, 3,, 1 2,,,, C,, 0,,,, B1,, C,,,,,,, B1, B2,,,, 0,,,, 4. 4-1, 4-2 4-1 3 n 53 1 2 n 92 0 n 71 49 92 81 88 36 51 0.001 4 8 11 12 35 49 52 98 82 89 33 46 0.001 1 2 10 11 38 54 49 92 79 86 40 56 0.001 4 8 13 14 31 44 37 70 53 58 24 34 0.001 16 30 39 42 47 66 24 45 39 42 18 25 0.034 29 55 53 58 53 75 52 98 85 92 49 69 0.001 1 2 7 8 22 31 1 52 98 79 86 45 63 0.001 1 2 13 14 26 37 14 26 41 45 16 23 0.006 39 74 51 55 55 77 42 79 75 82 43 61 0.006 11 21 17 18 28 39 16 30 16 17 5 7 0.003 37 70 76 83 66 93, 2
44 4-2 3 n 47 1 2 n 127 0 n 190 44 94 108 85 95 50 0.001 3 6 19 15 95 50 44 94 115 91 102 54 0.001 3 6 12 9 88 46 40 85 101 80 91 48 0.001 7 15 26 20 99 52 33 70 67 53 70 37 0.001 14 30 60 47 120 63 29 62 62 49 62 33 0.001 18 38 65 51 128 67 45 96 119 94 131 69 0.001 2 4 8 6 59 31 1 45 96 116 91 118 62 0.001 2 4 11 9 72 38 20 43 30 24 35 18 0.002 27 57 97 76 155 82 31 66 82 65 118 62 0.842 16 34 45 35 72 38 15 32 23 18 23 12 0.004 32 68 104 82 167 88, 2,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 BDHQ 4, 5 BDHQ, 18 24 7 8,,,,,,,,,, 3,,
45,,,,, 9 1,,,, 3,,,, D, B1,, 3,,,,,,,,, 3 0,,, B1,,,,,, 20 10, 10,,,, D,, 1 2,,,, 0,, B2,, C,,,,, 0 1 2, 3,,,,,,,,, 1,,,, 11, 12,, 200 300 300 400 13,,,,,,, 3 430 400,,,,, 4 1,,,,, 3, 2, 1 2 3 0 3, 12, 5 12 5 4, BDHQ,,,, 1,000 kcal,,,,,
46,, 14,, 3 15, 16, 1,,,,, 3,,,, D,, 1,,, 1., 46, 9-14 2015 2, K., 23 4, 296-301 2015 3,,,., 8 1, 9-17 2014 4 Kobayashi, S., Honda, S., Murakami, K., Sasaki, S., et al.: Both comprehensive and brief self-administered diet history questionnaires satisfactorily rank nutrient intakes in Japanese adults. J Epidemiol, 22 2, 151-159 2012 5 Kobayashi, S., Murakami, K., Sasaki, S., Okubo, H., et al.: Comparison of relative validity of food group intakes estimated by comprehensive and brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaires against 16 d dietary records in Japanese adults. Public Health Nutr 14 7, 1200-1211 2011 6 2015., 2015 7 Kakutani, Y., Kamiya, S., Omi, N.,: Association between the Frequency of Meals Combining Shushoku, Shusai, and HukusaiStaple Food, Main Dish, and Side Dish and Intake of Nutrients and Food Groups among Japanese Young Adults Aged 18-24Years a Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 61, 55-63 2015 8,., 50, 151-155, 2013 9,,,., 53 5, 215-226 2000 10 26. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/ bunya/kenkou/eiyou/dl/h26-houkoku.pdf 2016 12 19 11,., 31 II, 47-65 1996 12,., 31, 49-55 2005 13., 37, 43-48 2012 14,,,., 72 4, 212-219 2014 15,,., 14, 1-11 2015 16., 41, 1-7 2010