Gasoline PN Fuel Influence UPDATE RDE LDV BRUSSELS, 6 TH JULY Wednesday, 05 July 2017
GASOLINE PN FUEL INFLUENCE Task Identify influence of field fuel quality according to EN228 on PN emission after GPF 2
WHATISNEW? Compared to 5th of May 2017 presentation Information on used GPF technology Filtration efficiency for Gasoline Particulate Filters Key parameters influencing PN Additional fuel tested Summary and conclusion 3
GPF TECHNOLOGY Overview state of the art technology System A: Technology TWC coatedgasolineparticulate Filter (Four-Way-Catalyst) System B: Uncoated Particulate Filter FormoredetailspleaserefertopresentationmadebyJAMA GPF and Fuels JAMA 20170529 GPF and Fuels AMA 20170529_vf.p 4
GPF TECHNOLOGY General filtration behaviour Filtration efficiency doesn t change due to different PN levels 5
GPF EFFICIENCY IN RDE DRIVE Literature data by Ricardo/Concawe/AECC GPF efficiencypn > 23nm GPF efficiency PN 7-23 nm 58 83 % efficiencyfor PN > 23nm in different RDE cycles on chassis dyno Source: 29.06.2017 http://www.aecc.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/170621-ricardo-aecc-concawe-eth-conference-gpf-and-sub-23-nm-pn.pdf 6
CHALLENGE OF RDE DRIVE Key parameters influencing PN Vehicle dynamics Ambient temperature Separate phase evaluation(urban, total) Fuel Normal conditionof use as defined in RDE Fuel standard EN228 7
TEST PROGRAMME Overview Test vehicles from six different OEMs Vehicles differ according to power to weight ratio All test vehicles equipped with GPF GPF concepts vary in design, layout and regeneration strategy Different EN228 fuels 8
FIELD FUEL QUALITY Distillation behaviour E150 ( Eu28, n=627) Test fuels covering a wide range of European market fuels 9
TEST RESULT WLTC Fuel influenceuptoa factorof3.5 in PN emission 10
TEST RESULT RTS95 aggr.+norm (48km test derived) Fuel influenceuptoa factorof2.5 in PN emission 11
TEST RESULT RTS95 aggr.+norm urban only(16km derived) Fuel influenceuptoa factorof2.5 in PN emission 12
CHALLENGE OF RDE DRIVE Key parameters influencing PN best performing vehicle WLTC x x x RDE dynamic driving x x x x GPF (83% efficiency) x x x x x x Fuel x x RDE Urban only x x x low temperature x x 13
CHALLENGE OF RDE DRIVE Key parameters influencing PN Further testing with worst case fuel D WLTC x x x RDE dynamic driving x x x x GPF (83% efficiency) x x x x x x Fuel x x RDE Urban only x x x low temperature x x 14
SUMMARY Information on used GPF technology Filtration efficiency for Gasoline Particulate Filters Key parameters influencing PN Additional fuel tested Summary and conclusion 15
CONCLUSIONS PN emissions of latest vehicle technology combining efficient Direct Injection Systems with Gasoline Particulate Filters are highly influenced by the choice refiners make on fuel blending components to deliver EN228 compliant gasoline across the EU. The validity of gasoline sold across the EU is not the question here - we ask for recognition that if a state of the art GPF equipped GDI would fail a test for PN, the fuel is evaluated for the PM-Index. Within the timing of RDE WP4 a procedure to exclude a failed test that can be attributedto a'heavy'en228 market fuel is required. In theshort term an analysis of the PM-Index based on E150 isfeasible. For details plslook at presentation from 13 th September 2016 Addressing RDE market test fuels in RDE package 3 160913_addressin RDE_test_fuel_in_RDE_ 16
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PN IN RDE DRIVE Literature data by Ricardo/Concawe/AECC CF 0,85 without fuel influenceon PN emissions ACEA data show fuel impactuptoa factor of 3.5 SOURCE: 29.06.2017 http://www.aecc.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/170621-ricardo-aecc-concawe-eth-conference-gpf-and-sub-23-nm-pn.pdf 18
BACKUP TEST FUELS Detailed analysis PN relevant data Paramet er unit EN228 Fuel A Fuel B1 RON [-] min. 95 / max. - 101,4 96,6 97,2 97 96,5 97,3 98 95,1 97,1 Density kg/m³ 720-775 753,1 745,8 751 749 751,9 750,4 747,3 762,2 769,3 Vapour Pressure Aromatic s kpa 45-70 (class B) % V/V min.-/ max. 35 Fuel B2 Fuel B3 Fuel B4 Fuel B5 Fuel B6 Fuel C 56,1 - - 58 56,4 58,1 58,7 54,8 - Fuel D 34,4 27,7 26,5 29,9 27,6 26,2 28,1 34,8 34,5 Olefins % V/V min. -/ max. 18 6,3 8,2 8,3 8,7 8,5 9,1 8 8,4 7,1 Ethanol % V/V min. -/ max. 10 0,05 9,4 9,8 9,2 10,3 10 9,4 4,8 9,4 Oxygen % m/m min.-/ max. 3,7 0,02 3,5 3,6 3,4 3,59 3,7 3,5 1,73 3,5 E150 % V/V min. 75 / max. - 85,5 92 93,3 90 93,4 92,6 86,5 84,9 82,4 E130 % V/V 74,1 83-83 89,7 79* 79,8 - - E170 % V/V 92,9 97-97 95,9 97,5* 92,4 - - FBP C min.-/ max. 210 198 - - 179 187,5 187,1 202,5 - Fuel fromslideno.14: E150 = 82% * interpolation 19