SEPTEMBER 2016
WIM Site Location WIM #37 is located on I-94 near Otsego in Wright county. The WIM is located only on the westbound (WB) side of I-94, meaning that all data mentioned in this report pertains to WB traffic only (Lanes 1 and 2). System Operation WIM #37 was operational for the entire month of September 2016. Volume was computed using all monthly data. System Calibration WIM #37 was most recently calibrated on 2015-09-30. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all within ±9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in the Class 9s at this site for the last 12 months 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration. Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 969609 Passenger Vehicles: 850722 Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 118887 Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 32320 Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 3963 See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs) Volume trends. WB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Tuesdays (see Figure 3 and 4). Passenger Vehicles (PVs) Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), WB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 03 PM and 05 PM. Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs) Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling WB typically reached peak volume levels between 03 PM and 05 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 9's and Class 5's. Overweight HCVs Volume trends. Of a total of 118887 HCVs, 2491 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 0.3% of total monthly volume, and 2.1% of total monthly
HCV volume. WB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Wednesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays See Figure 3. The top two overweight violators by class were the class 9 and class 10 vehicles. Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in February. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits,160 WB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (95 vehicles were Class 13's; 57 vehicles were Class 10's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from September 2016. Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9's and 10's in September 2016. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of empty Class 9's than fully_loaded Class 9's traveling WB Data also suggests that there were more NA Class 10's than NA traveling in the WB direction. Freight Totals. A total of 942926 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information. Infrastructure Considerations Bridge. Bridge No. 86817 is approximately 1.2 miles east of WIM #37 and Bridge No. 86813 is approximately 4.7 miles west of WIM #37. WIM #37 recorded a total of 969609 vehicles with a combined GVW of 8920424 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in September 2016. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane. Pavement Design. A total of 67493 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. In particular, 81% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 9's (Class 9's were also responsible for generating 47% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6 and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5). WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reportsmonthly-wimnew.html MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight
To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance. 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ±9% of baseline calibration values 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific. 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.
Vehicle Weights (Kips) Oct 2015 Nov 2015 Dec 2015 Jan 2016 Feb 2016 Mar 2016 Apr 2016 May 2016 Jun 2016 Jul 2016 Aug 2016 88-90 66 65 156 161 178 86 112 98 78 94 38 20 90-92 37 38 68 93 128 42 59 47 48 33 22 13 92-94 18 25 32 53 99 22 37 31 16 23 17 18 94-96 11 18 15 36 65 16 22 17 20 14 11 19 96-98 16 4 12 20 25 5 9 19 7 8 11 13 98-100 9 11 14 14 18 8 19 9 14 3 11 7 >100 66 84 63 57 79 56 110 152 118 98 84 70 Total 223 245 360 434 592 235 368 373 301 273 194 160 Sep 2016
Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane Month Lane 1 (Kips) Front Axle +/- 9% Lane 2 (Kips) Front Axle +/- 9% October 2015 10.68 0.00 12.38 0.00 November 2015 10.64-0.38 12.54 1.27 December 2015 10.52-1.51 12.79 3.33 January 2016 10.61-0.62 12.85 3.82 February 2016 10.56-1.14 12.86 3.92 March 2016 10.53-1.37 12.72 2.78 April 2016 10.56-1.09 12.65 2.21 May 2016 10.54-1.32 12.56 1.43 June 2016 10.55-1.21 12.48 0.80 July 2016 10.55-1.22 12.51 1.06 August 2016 10.51-1.56 11.94-3.51 September 2016 10.55-1.24 11.97-3.28
Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class Monthly Average Daily Volume Monthly Total Volume Monthly Total Volume Percentage Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles 1 2 63 0 0 0 2 20009 600262 61.9 0 0 3 8347 250396 25.8 0 0 4 111 3326 0.3 47 1.9 5 520 15598 1.6 72 2.9 6 156 4673 0.5 91 3.7 7 13 383 0 16 0.6 8 141 4241 0.4 46 1.8 9 2777 83298 8.6 1735 69.7 10 117 3510 0.4 338 13.6 11 75 2247 0.2 5 0.2 12 45 1339 0.1 15 0.6 13 9 273 0 126 5.1 TOTAL 32320 969609 100 2491 100 Monthly Total Overweight Percentage
Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs) 2016-09-13 Tuesday 13:28:21 9 WB 2 170.6 2016-09-20 Tuesday 13:30:50 9 WB 2 169.22 2016-09-19 Monday 10:45:44 9 WB 2 157.28 2016-09-13 Tuesday 06:37:29 9 WB 2 156.32 2016-09-13 Tuesday 13:28:04 9 WB 2 155.76 2016-09-29 Thursday 09:02:40 9 WB 2 155.62 2016-09-28 Wednesday 13:48:41 9 WB 2 155.48 2016-09-10 Saturday 11:01:25 9 WB 2 154.74 2016-09-30 Friday 07:27:56 9 WB 2 153.63 2016-09-29 Thursday 11:55:08 9 WB 2 153.02
Table 4 Freight Summary Vehicle Class Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips) Total Number of Vehicles Number of Empty Vehicles Percentage of Empty Vehicles Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips) Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips) Total Weight of Freight (Tons) 4 WB 15 3278 950 29 66071 10336 15576 5 WB 8 15375 2085 13.6 198785 15060 46232 6 WB 19 4606 775 16.8 115633 13496 21422 7 WB 11.5 378 2 0.5 17282 22 6479 8 WB 31 4180 2458 58.8 65859 54513 6239 9 WB 33 82107 17146 20.9 3661398 499045 758843 10 WB 33.5 3460 565 16.3 187590 15568 45304 11 WB 36.5 2215 80 3.6 119732 2136 20902 12 WB 36.5 1320 12 0.9 77794 280 15026 13 WB 31.5 269 2 0.7 22218 56 6904 TOTAL **** **** 117188 24075 **** 4532363 **** 942926
Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class WB Driving Lane WB Passing Lane Total Percentage 1 14 65 79 0 2 870510 1354609 2225118 25.1 3 678199 813978 1492177 16.8 4 55593 20814 76407 0.9 5 149420 64425 213844 2.4 6 94826 34303 129129 1.5 7 14304 3000 17304 0.2 8 95626 24746 120372 1.4 9 3411156 749287 4160443 47 10 145372 57786 203158 2.3 11 113410 8457 121868 1.4 12 66551 11523 78074 0.9 13 17604 4670 22275 0.3 TOTAL 5712586 3147663 8860248 100 GVW/LANE 64.47 35.53 100 0
Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors Vehicle Class WB Driving Lane WB Passing Lane Total Percentage Flexible ESAL Factor 1 0 0 0 0 0.0159 2 86 164 251 0.4 9e-04 3 217 275 492 0.7 0.004 4 702 298 1000 1.5 0.61 5 1314 591 1905 2.8 0.25 6 1147 573 1719 2.6 0.75 7 196 64 261 0.4 1.37 8 901 284 1185 1.8 0.57 9 40803 13801 54605 81.2 1.33 10 1533 927 2459 3.7 1.42 11 1887 194 2081 3.1 1.88 12 670 170 840 1.2 1.27 13 304 105 409 0.6 2.95 TOTAL 49760 17447 67207 100 12 ESALS/LANE 74 26 100 -- --
Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class Month Total Volume Monthly ADT Monthly HCADT Passenger Vehicles Passenger Vehicles % Heavy Commercial Vehicles Oct 2015 923738 29798 3976 800473 86.7 123265.2 13.3 Nov 2015 846709 28224 3453 743118 87.8 103590.7 12.2 Dec 2015 845327 27269 3323 742304 87.8 103023.3 12.2 Jan 2016 754995 25166 3026 661175 87.6 93819.6 12.4 Feb 2016 741021 25552 3303 645235 87.1 95786.4 12.9 Mar 2016 860233 27750 3538 750547 87.2 109686.3 12.8 Apr 2016 877542 29251 3812 763184 87 114358.1 13 May 2016 1423102 45906 5865 1241299 87.2 181803.3 12.8 Jun 2016 1940762 64692 7984 1701241 87.7 239521.5 12.3 Jul 2016 2008945 64805 7337 1781507 88.7 227438.2 11.3 Aug 2016 1064674 34344 4122 936897 88 127776.6 12 Sep 2016 969609 32320 3963 850722 87.7 118887.4 12.3 TOTAL 13256657 -- -- 11617702 -- 1638957 -- AVERAGE 1104721 36256 4475 968142 88 136580 12 Heavy Commercial Vehicles %
ESALs Month ESALS WB Driving Lane ESALS WB Passing Lane Total ESALS Oct 2015 58124 21253 79377 0.6 Nov 2015 45581 18260 63840 0.3 Dec 2015 42644 18018 60662 0.3 Jan 2016 43322 15012 58334 0.4 Feb 2016 43455 17601 61056 0.3 Mar 2016 48565 18293 66858 0.1 Apr 2016 51733 21592 73325 0.3 May 2016 55339 23915 79254 0.3 Jun 2016 53887 23607 77494 0.2 Jul 2016 49456 21387 70843 0.3 Aug 2016 53471 21931 75402 0.3 Sep 2016 49834 17660 67493 0.3 TOTAL 595410 -- -- -- AVERAGE 49618 19877 69495 0 Pavement Life Decrease Months
Gross Vehicle Weight Month GVW WB Driving Lane GVW WB Passing Lane Total GVW Kips Oct 2015 4836553 2265659 7102212 Nov 2015 4798917 2368907 7167824 Dec 2015 5495321 2647263 8142584 Jan 2016 5610003 2881371 8491374 Feb 2016 6085293 3375276 9460568 Mar 2016 5998255 3546764 9545019 Apr 2016 5785478 3531565 9317043 May 2016 6089541 3616083 9705623 Jun 2016 5717423 3203037 8920460 Jul 2016 5962329 3002636 8964965 Aug 2016 5068967 2687179 7756146 Sep 2016 5022125 2654691 7676817 TOTAL 66470205 35780430 102250636 AVERAGE 5539184 2981703 8520886
Overweight Vehicles Month Total Number of Overweight Vehicles Overweight / Total Volume Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume Number Over 88,000 lbs Oct 2015 5349 0.6 4.2 231 78 Nov 2015 4435 0.5 4.1 247 96 Dec 2015 4317 0.5 4 363 78 Jan 2016 3710 0.5 3.8 436 72 Feb 2016 4207 0.6 4.2 592 97 Mar 2016 3689 0.4 3.2 238 64 Apr 2016 5220 0.6 4.4 369 129 May 2016 5759 0.6 4.4 375 161 Jun 2016 5195 0.5 3.9 301 132 Jul 2016 4582 0.5 3.7 276 101 Aug 2016 2818 0.3 2.1 196 96 Sep 2016 2524 0.3 2 160 77 TOTAL 51805 -- -- 3784 1181 AVERAGE 4317.1 0.5 3.7 315.3 98.4 Number Over 98,000 lbs
Freight Month WB Freight Tons Oct 2015 1056737 Nov 2015 858728 Dec 2015 819023 Jan 2016 778711 Feb 2016 814031 Mar 2016 893346 Apr 2016 979858 May 2016 1068744 Jun 2016 1031323 Jul 2016 950975 Aug 2016 1026298 Sep 2016 942926 TOTAL 11220699 AVERAGE 935058.2