Ka-50 Blackshark (Hokum)Pre-Flight Checklist

Ka-50 Blackshark (Hokum)Pre-Flight Checklist Pre-Start, Engines Start, Post-Start & Final Checks, by hilikusopus Finding Your Way around the Cockpit with Notation This notation is meant to be a simple way of navigating around the cockpit s instrument panels. It consists of a quick, general reference for the six panels I ve identified, each of which I have further broken down into very crude sections (e.g. front, middle, back). Throughout the checklist, I will use the two capitalized letter designation, highlighted and color-coded, to denote a panel or zone for each switch or gauge. Personally, I find that emphasizing spatial relationships helps to internalize the rhythm and flow of starting up. Also, I use a notation (UP, CENTER, DOWN) to denote the relative ON/OFF position of a switch; some items (e.g. the Fire Extinguisher Panel) span across multiple panel sections at least as far as I ve elected to define them or are otherwise difficult to locate spatially (e.g. Throttle Levers), I ve tried to pick a designation and stick to it. (E.g. fire extinguisher panel = WF, throttle levers = LB; see below). LH=Left, RH =Right (e.g. RH Engine, or LH throttle). As a rule, the term CHECK is used to describe a step in which a change is expected to occur (e.g. CHECK that a warning lamp has illuminated ), and ENSURE is typically used to describe a step in which an item is expected to remain in a particular predetermined state without any additional intervention (e.g. ENRURE that the throttle is still set to the IDLE position after having done so in a previous step, or ENSURE Inverter Switch is preset to AUTO at mission start ). I ve also included schematics as an appendix for educational purposes. Panel Notation Guide: Left Panel: LF (Left Forward) LC (Left Center) LB (Left Back) Ex. SBU-9 Radio Unit = LF / APU EGT Gauge = LC / Throttle Levers = LB Front Panel: FT (Front Top) FB (Front Bottom) FC (Front Center) FL (Front Left) FR (Front Right) Ex. HUD = FT / Weapon Control = FB / Shkval Monitor = FC / HSI = FL / ABRIS = FR Wall Panel: WF (Wall Forward) WC (Wall Center) WB (Wall Back) Ex. Battery Switches = WF / Ejection System Switches = WC / EEG System Switches = WB Auxiliary Panel (the rear right panel): AT (Aux Top) AC (Aux Center) AB (Aux Bottom) Ex. Hydraulic Gauges = AT / UV-26 Countermeasure Power Switch = AC / HYD PWR Switch = AB Right Panel (below Wall Panel): RF (Right Forward) RC (Right Center) RB (Right Back) Ex. Autopilot Panel = RF / Not Applicable = RC / Signal Flares Panel = RB Overhead Panel: OL (Upper Left) OC (Upper Center) OR (Upper Right) Ex. Laser Warning Display = OL / Magnetic Compass = OC / UV-26 Countermeasure Program = OR 1

Pre-Startup Phase Checks 1) Ensure parking brake is on (Non-clickable) LSHIFT+W 2) Ensure collective LB is all the way down. 3) Ensure both yellow engine throttle levers LB in IDLE (down) (Non-clickable) PAGE DOWN. 4) Turn on Intercom WF. This turns on the internal speaker system, enables communication with the Ground Crew, and ensures warning tones are audible. You can communicate with the Ground Crew as long as the cockpit door is open and you re parked by the maintenance truck. 5) Ensure avionics switches are turned off as appropriate Setting up External (Ground) Power 1) Uncap, and then turn EXT DC PWR Switch WF on (flip switch up), and recap. This will allow external power to spread throughout the helo s systems until the internal generators (linked to the engines) are online, post-startup. 2) Uncap and turn on (up) both onboard Batteries 1 & 2 WF, and recap. 3) Ensure AC/DC Inverter Switch WF set to AUTO (up) position and check INVERTER ON lamp OR is illuminated, indicating the inverter is functioning properly. See Appendix C for details. As a side note, it may be useful to know that the helo s main systems run on AC; that the onboard batteries run on DC, while the engine s generators run on AC; and the inverter is used to convert DC to AC. Since the engines and by extension, generators are offline, at this point, the helo s AC is derived from external DC power, via the batteries, via the inverter. That is, until you turn on external AC. In a related note, one way to ascertain whether the batteries have a reserve power stored, is if, upon completing Step 2 with the Inverter Switch set to AUTO, the red flags in the Engine Power Gauge rise, indicating power flow to the engines. Incidentally, this also serves to test that the inverter is functioning properly. Note: some of training missions begin with ground power connected, in which case, the order of lamps illuminating, etc., shown here may not apply. If you wish to build this from the ground up, before all else, request Maintenance to disconnect power. 4) Turn on (up) EXT AC PWR WF (unlike EXT DC PWR, this switch does not have a cap). 5) Turn Radio Communicator Dial LF to GRND CREW 6) Hail the ground crew to request power connection: Comm Menu >F10>F4>F1 7) Pilot will vocalize request>crew copies>crew confirms power cable connected. 8) Check that the EXT AC/DC PWR lamps WF have illuminated now. 9) Check INVERTER ON lamp OR extinguished, now that you re getting AC from the ground. 2

Hydraulics/Gearbox/EKRAN Power 1) Power on the EKRAN-Gearbox-Hydraulic Power Switch AB (unlike most switches ON entails flipping the switch into the DOWN position), and cap. This will enable the EKRAN to monitor the helo s systems, and provide warnings and advisories to the pilot. If there is hydraulic pressure stored in the accumulator, you will now have pressure. If not, you will have to wait until the engines come online, thus engaging the main gearbox for the rotor, and the accessory gearboxes in turn, which ultimately drive the hydraulic pumps. Once the engine power setting is raised to AUTO, the hydraulic system should be running full tilt (as the gearboxes are really cranking at that point). See Appendix D for more details. 2) Check Master Warning Light pushbutton FL is flashing, indicating that system is active. 3) Check MAIN GRBX (Main Gearbox) advisory lamp FL illuminated. 4) Press the Pushbutton once to acknowledge the advisory. 5) Press the Pushbutton a second time to initiate the EKRAN s SELF TEST. Within 5sec the EKRAN will display FR the EKRAN READY message. Lamp Test 1) Optional: flip the Intercom Switch WF off (down) during this test. While this step isn t necessary, it will save you from suffering through a very annoying advisory tone during the test. This test is used to ensure that all warning lights (and the audio warning system) are functional. 2) Press and hold the LAMP TEST button FL. In DCS, you are free to continuously engage a button such as this, so long as you do not release the mouse button. Use this freedom to look around the cockpit with the mouse (you can even zoom in and out). 3) Check the lamps methodically, moving around the cockpit from the left panel LC moving forward and overhead and back to the rear auxiliary panel. a. 75 lamps in total (including the 3 EKRAN display unit lamps and 6 gear lamps): 4/LC, 1/LF, 6 gear lamps + Rotor RPM Lamp + Master Warning Lamp + 9 (in square) + 2/FL(hidden to the left of the Shkval monitor have to lean left to see these two), 15/OL, 24/OR, 3 EKRAN lamps FR, 7/WF, and finally 2/AT. b. The LH VLV CLOSED & RH VLV CLOSED lamps OR for LH & RH Engine Fuel Shutoff Valves will remain illuminated until valves opened during engine startup sequence. c. MAIN GRBX lamp FL remains illuminated until engine startup sequence complete. d. EXT DC PWR and EXT AC PWR lamps WF will remain illuminated until external power is disconnected in the post-startup phase. e. After engaging the fuel tank pumps during the fuel system sequence, the FWD and AFT BOOST PUMP lamps OR will remain illuminated until engine shutdown. 4) Release the Lamp Test button (let go of the left mouse button). 5) Turn the Intercom WF back on, if you ve turned it off during this test. 3

Fire Detection & Suppression System Tests 1) Uncap Fire Extinguisher Work Switch WF and switch from OFF (center) to TEST (down). 2) Uncap Warning Signaling Switch WF, ensure it is set to WARN (up), and leave uncapped. 3) Select Fire Detection Group Switch WF GR1 to test the First Fire Detection Group. Click labels, as switch itself is unclickable. 4) Check that the first five lamps WF are illuminated, as well as the Master Warning Light FL. 5) Reset the test by switching Warning Signaling Switch WF OFF, and then back to WARN. 6) Switch Fire Detection Group Switch WF to GR2 to test the Second Fire Detection Group, and repeat steps 4 & 5. 7) Switch Fire Detection Group Switch WF to GR3 to test Third Fire Detection Group, and repeat steps 4 & 5. This test is unique among the three, in that the FIRE APU lamp should not illuminate. 8) Arm the fire extinguisher system by setting the Fire Extinguisher Work Switch WF from TEST back to OPER (Operational up), and recap. 9) Ensure Fire Extinguisher AUTO/MAN Switch WF is set to AUTO mode (shows through cap). Voice Message Unit (VMU) Test 1) Press Betty Voice Test button AT. 2) Listen for the following sexy voice message: EKRAN IS READY, indicating that the so-called Bitching Betty audio advisory system is functional. And ready. Inertial Navigation Unit (INU) Power 1) Turn INU Heat Power Switch on (up) AC. 2) Power on the INU (set switch to up position) AC. INU aligns automatically so we can forget about it for now. Full INU alignment will take ~30min (~-symbol = approximately ); however, 3min in-game will be sufficient for flight. The INU will automatically interface with the ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) FL. ***This Concludes the Pre-Startup Phase*** 4

Engine Startup Phase Request Engines Start Clearance 1) Turn on VHF2 Radio Power Switch WF. This allows you to communicate with the ATC and your Wingmen, when the Intercom is also powered. 2) Set the Radio Communicator Dial LF back to CH (VHF2) for comm. with the Tower. 3) Comm the Tower to request engine start clearance: Comm Menu>F6>F1 4) Pilot will vocalize request>tower confirms clearance, and notes prevailing wind. The Tower tells the pilot what the wind conditions are, because he may have to trim the Cyclic to stabilize the helo before the rotor starts if the wind is >5 kph. 5) Perform a visual check of the external area to ensure there are no obstructions to the rotor or engine start. 6) Turn on the Anti-Collision Beacon Switch WC to the on (up) position). This acts as a warning to others that the rotor/engine is about to start. In low visibility (bad weather or night operations), you may also turn on the Nav Lights OL and/or Blade Tip Lights WB to further ensure a safe startup. Hint: search for the word Beacon, as part of the switch s label may be obstructed by the cap of the switch directly above. Fuel System Prep & Test 1) Set the Fuel Quantity Switch ( FUEL QTY ) WF to the on (up) position. Once the APU is online, you will begin to consume jet fuel at a rate of ~65kg/h). See Appendix B for more details. 2) Perform a fuel quantity test. Press and hold the test button FR, and measure the readout. Two things should happen here: First, two small lights will illuminate inside the gauge, registering the forward and aft fuel tanks. Second, for a good test, the Fuel Quantity Gauge should measure ~110kg more for both FWD and AFT internal fuel tanks than that which is actually loaded onboard (however, if tanks are nearly full, needles may be able to indicate 110kg past max). 3) Turn on (up) both FWD and AFT Fuel Boost Pump Switches WF, enabling the flow of fuel into the APU and engines during startup. 4) Verify both pumps are functional by checking their associated advisory lamps OR, FWD TANK PUMP ON & AFT TANK PUMP ON. APU and engine start requires that at least the FWD main fuel pump be engaged. By the time you re ready to taxi, assuming you ve had no hitches along the way, they will remain illuminated for the remainder of the flight. 5

APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Startup 1) Now s a good time to close the cockpit door (Non-clickable) RCTRL+C, because it s going to start to get very noisy (and fun) when you bring the APU online. Unlike other aircraft, the APU in the Ka-50 does not supply power to the helo s systems it is only used to supply hot bleed air to spool the engines during their own startup sequences. 2) Open the APU Shutoff Valve, by setting the switch WC on (up), to allow fuel flow into APU. 3) Leave the switch uncapped, since you re only going to have the APU running until both engines are started. 4) Check that the valve is open by checking that the APU VLV OPEN lamp is illuminated LC. 5) Ensure the Start-Mode Switch LF is in the START (up) position. 6) Ensure the Engine Selector Switch LF is set to APU (center position). 7) The next step is when parts start moving and you have to monitor a dynamic system with multiple elements. Mentally prepare yourself for what to expect and what to watch out for. You ll be using the Mechanical Clock FL and several instruments or lamps on the box-shaped APU control panel mounted on the left cockpit wall LC for this sequence. a. You can t see the APU, but we can see the APU s Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) Gauge LC. We need to ensure that the temperature reading in this gauge does not exceed 720 C, which is the maximum temperature for continuous APU operation. b. Second, it should take no more than 30sec for the APU to stabilize at a temperature ~600 C. Well before then, within 10sec, ~300 C, the APU ON lamp LC should illuminate, indicating that APU start was successful. EGT will likely continue to rise; just make sure it stays within parameters. c. Check APU OIL PRESS. NORM Lamp LC illuminates, and oil pressure nominal. d. In order to preserve the service life of the turbine blades, you at least 60sec for the APU s internal state to stabilize, between the time the APU ON lamp LC illuminates and putting a load on the APU by using it to engage an engine for startup. 8) Press the Start Button LF to start the APU. Use the Mechanical Clock FL and the EGT to ensure startup remains within parameters. <30sec=~600 C<720 C. 9) Check APU ON and APU OIL PRESS NORM lamps LC illuminated. 10) Ensure enough time has elapsed before APU is ready for use with the engines. APU ON lamp illuminated for at least 60sec. Again, use the Mechanical Clock FL. 6

Engine Startup 1) Ensure both yellow engine throttle levers LB are still in IDLE (down) position PAGE DOWN. 2) Perform Engine Off EGT test by pressing the test button FR. Check that both LH and RH Engine EGT gauges FR read >800 C, and release test button. Tests cold Engine EGT, and not APU EGT or engine EGT after engine start. 3) Disengage (lower) the black rotor brake lever LC (disengaged=down) by clicking it. The engines will not start unless the rotor brake is disengaged. This is designed to prevent catastrophic damage. 4) Open the LH Engine Fuel Shutoff Valve by flipping the switch WC on (up), and recap. 5) Check that LH VLV CLOSED lamp OR has now extinguished in the overhead panel. 6) Turn on the Electronic Engine Governor (EEG) for the LH Engine by flipping its switch WB, and recap. The EEG monitors and adjusts engine power to prevent over usage, and in some cases may actually shut down an engine to prevent catastrophic engine failure. This system, and its associated tests, will be discussed in more detail later, but for now just make sure that the two test switches to the right WB are set to OPER and showing through their caps, indicating that they re operational. 7) Move the Engine Selector Switch LF from APU to LH for the LH Engine. 8) Again, the next step is complex and requires some forethought until you get a feel for it. a. I recommend zooming out to get a seamless view of the whole scene. b. Press the Engine Start Button LF. Within 3sec you will hear the turbine begin to spool, the START VLV lamp on the engine control panel LF will illuminate, and the needle in the Gas Generator (GG) RPM gauge FR, which measures the engine turbine RPM, will abruptly jump to 10% GGRPM. Note the time this happens with the Mechanical Clock FL, as it should take no more than 60sec for the engine to reach IDLE level (70% GGRPM). The EKRAN will display TRANS OIL PRESS warning messages FR, which can be ignored at first. c. At 20% GG RPM, ~10sec mark, enable fuel flow into the LH Engine by opening the LH Fuel Cutoff Valve for the LH Engine by raising (clicking up) the left red lever LC. d. Check Engine EGT gauge FR (as opposed to the GGRPM Gauge, try not to get confused) for light off, the moment combustion inside the engine occurs. This is indicated by a spike in engine temperature. e. Check for rotor movement, at ~ 20% GGRPM f. Check GGRPM needle movement is steady and smooth. g. Check START VLV lamp LF has extinguished by 60% GGRPM h. Once GGRPM reaches 70%, IDLE level, engine start has concluded. i. Check Oil Pressure and Oil Temperature Gauges WC, and Hydraulic Pressure and Hydraulic Temperature Gauges AT have begun to rise nominally. 9) Wait >60sec between engines-start to allow stasis, and LH Oil Temp to reach at least ~30 C. 10) Move the Engine Selector Switch LF from LH to RH for the RH Engine. 7

11) Repeat Steps 4 through 8 for the RH Engine, with the exception of checking for rotor movement, replacing LH Engine cues and controls with RH Engine cues and controls. Do not forget to open RH Engine Fuel Shutoff Valve WC, and to engage RH Engine EEG WB before attempting to start the RH Engine 12) Check your gauges once more before moving on: a. Rotor RPM FL should be at ~55%; b. Engine EGT FR should be at ~600 C for both engines; c. And GGRPM FR should be at ~70% for both engines. 13) Check Hydraulic Press and Temp Gauges AT. They should ve reached nominal levels now. You re looking for ~80kG/cm₂ (less for the Wheel Brakes), and ~25 C, respectively. 14) Check RH Oil Press & Temp Gauges WC: You re looking for ~20kG/cm₂ and at least ~60 C, respectively. An important point: the reason for this is complex. Rather, the turbine engine and gearbox (the power train) is a very complex machine, composed of many different moving parts made from many different materials, all of which tend to heat and expand at different rates. The engine as a whole requires a state of stasis or equilibrium, like the human body, and you can think of the oil system as the helo s lymphatic system. The power train must be conditioned before placing it into an elevated level of stress (increasing the throttle power setting). The short term consequence of not doing so can be a loss of performance or even catastrophic engine failure; while the long term consequence will be a shortened life span of some very expensive hardware. That s why it is so important to observe the wait times (APU>Engine 1; Engine 1>Engine 2; Engine 2>Power Setting Increase). On the other hand, the game does not currently penalize you (with engine failures or performance loss) for failing to wait it out, so the choice is yours. See Appendix A for more details. 15) Once both engines have reached 70% GGRPM IDLE, and both LH & RH Oil Temps reaches ~60 C, the check EKRAN warning messages FR for TRANS OIL PRESS have cleared, and MAIN GRBX lamp FL has extinguished: Engine Start has now concluded. 16) Once both engines are fully online, stop the APU by pressing the APU SHUTOFF button on the Engine Start Control Panel LF. You will hear the APU spool down. Check that the APU EGT needle LC is descending. On its way down, the APU ON lamp will extinguish. APU VLV OPEN lamp will remain on, reminding you to close APU valve again. 17) Close APU Shutoff Valve WC, and recap. Check APU VLV OPEN lamp LC extinguished. 18) Do NOT shut off External AC/DC power just yet. a. Although both engines are online, in order for the generators to produce enough electricity to close the relays, the engine throttles need to be set higher than IDLE and, with the exception of a few tests, that won t really happen until the end of the Post-Startup Phase. ***This Concludes the Engine Startup Phase*** 8

Post-Startup Phase GAS Generator Protector (GAS GEN EEG) Test 1) Ensure that at least 60sec has passed since bringing second engine online before moving on. Remember, you re waiting for oil temperature to reach a value of ~60 C, which corresponds approximately to the green zones on the Oil Temp Gauges WC. a. Set yellow engine throttle levers LB from IDLE to the AUTO (up) position by pressing the (Non-clickable) PAGE UP (2x). First time = IDLE to MEDIUM, Second time = MEDIUM to AUTO. Side note: Third keystroke = AUTO to EMERGENCY POWER. b. You will hear the engines sound change as they work harder, an EKRAN audio message (2x) alerting you to a significant change in the state of the power train, as well as a warning in the EKRAN display RADAR ALT. Both of these audio and visual advisories will occur every time you adjust power from IDLE to AUTO, and can safely be ignored. c. Check the Oil Pressure Gauges WC now: You re looking for ~30kG/cm₂, approaching the green zone. d. Check the front panel gauges to identify the changes: Rotor RPM FL should have increased to ~87.5%; Engine EGT FR should have increased to ~700 C for both engines; And GGRPM FR should have increased to ~87.5% for both engines. e. Return both throttles levers LB from AUTO back to IDLE PAGE DOWN (2x). 2) Uncap EEG GG-TEST Test Switch labeled GAS GEN WB and set to TEST (up) position, leave uncapped. This system shifts the workload of one engine to the other when an engine is underperforming, and enables the engines to share workloads. You will perform this test one engine at a time, paying attention to the engines sound changes. a. Set only the RH Engine throttle only to AUTO power setting RSHIFT+PAGE UP (2x). b. Check EKRAN audio warning WATCH EKRAN (2x). c. Check RH POWER SET LIMIT lamp OR illuminates, and then promptly extinguishes, indicating a good test. d. Return RH Engine throttle only from AUTO to IDLE RSHIFT+PAGE DOWN (2x). e. Repeat steps 3) through 6) for the LH Engine, this time using RALT+PAGE UP/DOWN to control the LH Engine throttle independently of the RH Engine throttle. 3. Set both throttles to AUTO position PAGE UP (2x). You will now perform this test again, with different throttle settings. By using the Engine Power Indicator WF you will be able to see the GG RPM Protector in action as it shifts workloads between the two engines. You may or may not receive EKRAN warnings during this phase of the test. a. Reduce only the RH Engine throttle to IDLE RSHIFT+PAGE DOWN (2x). 9

b. Check the Engine Power Indicator WF to see that the LH Engine power increases to compensate for a reduction in RH Engine power, indicating a good test. c. Return the RH Engine throttle to AUTO RSHIFT+PAGE UP (2x), and wait for the Engine Power Indicator WF reading to stabilize. d. Repeat steps 8) through 9), this time using RALT+PAGE UP/DOWN to control the LH throttle singularly. 4) Return both engine throttles to IDLE PAGE DOWN position. 5) Return the GAS GEN Test Switch WB to OPER (down) position, and recap it. Power Turbine Overspeed Tests 1) Ensure both engine throttles set to IDLE PAGE DOWN prior to testing this system. They should already be in IDLE position, at the conclusion of the last test. This system is intended to monitor engine performance, and in extreme cases, to shut down an engine to prevent a catastrophic failure. This won t happen during the test, but you will simulate an event to test the system. If, however, the engines aren t set to IDLE now, you will affect an actual overspeed; the engine will shut down and will not restart until the maintenance crew has tended to it. 2) Uncap EEG GG-TEST Switch labeled PT1/PT2 WB, and switch it to PT1 (Power Turbine Test 1 up), leave uncapped. The PT Test Switch is a three way switch; this system requires two separate tests before returning the switch to its OPER (Operational center) position. a. Set the RH Engine throttle only to AUTO RSHIFT+PAGE UP (2x). b. Check EKRAN audio warning Right Engine Turbine Overspeed (2x), along with its associated RH ENG OVERSPEED warning lamp FL, as well as a Master Warning Light FL. This is followed by EKRAN audio warning Left Engine Turbine Overspeed 2x, along with its associated LH ENG OVERSPEED warning lamp FL. Even though the one throttle s setting was changed, both the LH and the RH Engine Protection Systems were tested. c. Return the RH throttle only to IDLE RSHIFT+PAGE DOWN (2x). 3) Now switch the PT1/PT2 Switch WB from PT1 to PT2 to perform the other Power Turbine Overspeed Test. Since you used the RH Engine for the PT1 test, use the LH for PT2. a. Set LH throttle lever only to AUTO RALT+PAGE UP (2x). Engine speed up audible. b. Check EKRAN audio warning and lamps as in step 4). This time you will get the LH Engine warnings first, before the RH Engine, since you re using the LH Engine. c. Return the LH throttle lever only to IDLE RALT+PAGE DOWN (2x). d. Return the PT Test Switch WB to the OPER (center) position, and recap. 4) Set the both engine throttles to AUTO PAGE UP (2x). 5) Check Rotor RPM FL and GGRPM FR are both ~87.5% to ensure throttle setting AUTO. 10

Rotor RPM Adjustment Test 1) Set the Rotor RPM Adjustment Switch to LOW RPM (Non-clickable) RALT+KP MINUS. This switch is on the collective stick, and the LOW RPM mode is used during the autorotation maneuver. The preset mode is NOMINAL RPM. 2) Check Rotor RPM gauge FL drops to 84%, indicating a good test. You may receive the LOW RPM warning lamp, although this isn t required for a test to be good, as well as a temporary corresponding droop in GG RPM FR. 3) Reset the Rotor RPM Adjustment Switch to NOMINAL RPM RALT+KP PLUS. 4) Check that Rotor RPM FL (as well as GG RPM FR) returns to 87.5%. Anti-Ice/Dust Protector System Tests 6) Set Engine Anti-Ice/Dust Prot Switch OR from the OFF (center) to the ON (up) position. 7) Check LH ENG ANTI-ICE and RH ENG ANTI-ICE lamps OR illuminated. 8) Check for a ~60 C increase in both engines EGT FR, and ~2% increase in the GG RPM FR, indicating a good test. The latter may be difficult to notice, so focus on the inner EGT dials. Note: in this setting, both the Anti-Ice System and Dust Protection System are enabled, whereas only the Dust Protection System is enabled in the other. 9) Set Engine Anti-Ice/Dust Prot Switch OR from the Engine Anti-Ice/Dust Prot (up) position to the OFF (center) position. 10) Check temperature returns to previous state and stabilizes. 11) Set Engine Anti-Ice/Dust Prot OR from the OFF (center) to the DUST (down) position. 12) Check LH ENG DUST and RH ENG DUST lamps OR illuminated. 13) Check for a maximum 30 C increase in both engines EGT FR, and about a.5% increase in the GG RPM FR, indicating a good test. 14) Return the switch to the OFF (center) position, and check lamps OR extinguished. 15) Turn on Rotor Anti-Ice Switch (up) to perform to test the rotor s Anti-Ice Protection System. 16) Check ROTOR ANTI-ICE lamp OR illuminated, indicating a good test. 17) Turn off the Rotor Anti-Ice Switch (down). Hydraulic/Auxiliary System Tests 1) Set both engine throttles to IDLE. 2) Release Collective Brake LC (Non-clickable) F -key allowing stick movement. 3) CAREFULLY move the Cyclic, Rudders, and Collective Stick (no more than 1/3 to prevent aircraft movement) through their axes, visually checking controls, as wells as the Main Hydraulic Gauge AT to ensure that the Main Hydraulic System is responsive. 4) Disengage and reengage Wheel Brakes (Non-clickable) LSHIFT+W, checking WHEEL BRK Hydraulic Gauge AT to ensure that the system is responsive. 5) Test the Auxiliary (Backup) Hydraulic System by uncapping and switching the Hydraulic Servo Test Switch WC to the MAIN HYD OFF position (up), leave uncapped. 11

6) Check Main Hydraulic Gauge fell, and MAIN/STBY HYD SYS VLV lamps AC illuminate. 7) Repeat Steps 1 & 2, now checking the Standby (Backup) Hydraulic System gauge AT. Responsive controls indicate a good test of the Standby Hydraulic System. 8) Return Hydraulic Servo Test Switch WC to the test-off position (down), and leave uncapped. 9) Check Main Hydraulic Gauge returned to normal, and both MAIN/STBY HYD SYS VLV lamps AC extinguished. 10) Return both engine throttles to AUTO. 11) Check hydraulic system EKRAN warnings by setting the Hydraulic Servo Test Switch WC to the MAIN HYD OFF position (up), again. 12) Check EKRAN display reads MAIN HYDRO FR, with an audio warning. 13) Return Hydraulic Servo Test Switch WC to the test-off position (down), and recap switch. 14) Check MAIN/STBY HYD SYS VLV lamps AC extinguished. 15) Check EKRAN warning display FR no longer reads MAIN HYDRO, indicating a good test. 16) Check STANDBY, MAIN, and ACC (Emergency Hydraulic Accumulator) Gauges AT are accord with one another, indicating a good test. STBY/MAIN/ACC/WHEEL BRK Press. = ~80kG/cm₂, and STBY/MAIN Temp = ~25 C 17) See Appendix D for more details. External (Ground) Power Disconnect 1) Now that the engines are online, and throttles set to AUTO, prepare to switch power sources, from external ground power to the onboard engine generators, by first powering the generators on. Flip LH & RH AC SYS GEN Switches WF to the ON (up) position. Do not shut off external AC/DC power just yet. Although both engines are online, in order for the generators to produce enough electricity to close the relays, the engine throttles need to be set higher than IDLE, but this gets them ready so as soon as it happens they ll come online. 2) Ensure that the AC/DC Inverter Switch WF is still set to AUTO (up). 3) Set the Radio Communicator Dial LF to GRND CREW. 4) Request external power disconnected. COMM MENU>F10>F4>F2. The ground crew must retract the power cables. 5) Pilot will vocalize request>crew copies>crew confirms power cable disconnected. 6) Check EXT AC/DC PWR lamps WF have extinguished. 7) Ensure INVERTER ON lamp OR does not illuminate, indicating that generators are online 8) Turn the EXT AC Power Switch WF off (down). 9) Uncap the EXT DC Power Switch WF, turn it off (down), and recap. 10) Ensure that both Batteries are left running as a backup/emergency power source. See Appendix C for more details. ***This Concludes the Post-Startup Phase*** 12

Pre-Taxi (Final Checks) Phase This Phase is conducted methodically through the cockpit: LF Panel, FL, FT, FB, FR, W Panel, A Panel, R Panel, FR, O Panel. Left-Forward Panels K-041 & VHF2 Radio 1) Turn on the K-041 Navigational and Targeting System. Check audible warning tone for Radar Altimeter FR. Within 10sec, Radar Altimeter Gauge s flags clear FR, and the needle returns to zero. 2) Check HSI FL and main ADI FL have aligned, and that the flags have cleared. 3) HUD NO READY lamp OR, until the HUD has powered up. 4) Check Shkval monitor FT powers on. 5) Put the laser into Standby Mode. 6) Turn the Radio Communicator Dial LF to CH (VHF2). 7) Press VHF2 Test Button LF to perform test of VHF2 Radio. Green light indicates a good test. Front-Left Panel Navigational Aids 1) Check the three green Main Gear lights are illuminated. 2) Ensure Main Hydraulic switch for Emergency Gear is showing through red cap. 3) Perform Radar Altimeter Test by pressing the test button at left. The meter should read 15m, indicating a good test. Release the button. 4) Set Radar Altimeter Safe Altitude to appropriate altitude using the knob at right. If you go below this altitude you will receive a warning message. Do not set altitude below zero, or else errors will accumulate. 5) Reset the Accelerometer by pressing the button at right. 6) Check that the Mechanical Clock is functioning and set to the proper time. 7) Set the Barometric Altimeter to zero (QFE) using the knob at left. 8) Ensure Laser Rangefinder Switch is in NORMAL position, showing through its cap. 9) Ensure HSI Control Switch is in AUTO (down) position. 10) Ensure HSI reading corresponds to Magnetic Compass reading OC. 11) Perform HSI Self-Test by pressing the Test Button at left. 12) Test the ADI by lowering the test button guard at left and pressing the button. Check pitch and bank read 15, and that deviation needles spread to half their scale, indicating a good test. Release the button, and recap the guard. 13) Calibrate the ADI using the knob at right. 13

Front-Top HUD 1) Check HUD NO READY lamp OR has extinguished. HUD should be powered by now. 2) Turn on the HUD by turning the Adjust HUD Brightness knob at left. 3) Test HUD by pressing test button at center. Check that EAGLE DYNAMICS displays in HUD, indicating a good test. 4) Set the HUD Mode Selector Switch as appropriate (NORM/NIGHT/STANDBY). Front-Bottom Panels 1) Set the Weapon Control Panel as appropriate. 2) Set the Targeting Display as appropriate. 3) Set the Landing Lights Control Panel as appropriate. Front-Right Panel ABRIS & EGT 1) Power up the ABRIS (set switch to up position) using the switch at lower left. It will take some time to boot up, and perform a full self test. 2) Perform Engines Running EGT test by pressing button at upper right. Ensure that the gauge reads approximately 90-100 C, but no more than 150 C. Wall Panels Avionics, Ejection Seat & Oil System 1) Enable radio equipment Datalink Power Switches WF: VHF1, Datalink Power, UHF-TALK, and SA-TLF (up). 2) Enable the Ejection System WC: flip up the large, red guard, switch on (up) all three power sources, and recap guard. 3) Uncap and turn on (up) the Weapon Control System (WCS) Power Switch WC to the right of the Ejection Power Switch (label may be obstructed), and recap. 4) Uncap, and turn on (up) the IFF System WC, and recap. 5) The NAV Power Switch WC is used to power the Target Navigational System during preflight checks. When in flight, use the K-041 Power Switch LF to power this system. This switch may be safely ignored. 6) Turn on (up) the Standby Altitude Indicator (SAI) WC. 7) Check Oil Pressure & Temperature Gauges WC. Levels should be within green limits. Auxiliary Panels LWS, UV-26 1) Test that the Ejection System is working properly by selecting a channel using the knob and pressing the Circuit test button on the Ejection System BIT Panel AC. Check that test lamp above has illuminated, indicating a good test, and return the channel knob as before. 2) Turn on (up) the Laser Warning System (LWS) Power AC. The LWS takes about 30sec to boot up, so move on and come back to it. 3) Uncap and turn on (up) the UV-26 Countermeasure System (CMS) Power AC, and recap. 4) Uncap and turn on (up) the UV-26 CMS Test Power AC. 14

5) Check the UV-26 display OR. It should read 990, indicating a good test. 6) Turn off (down) the UV-26 CMS Test Switch AC, and recap. 7) The green LWS Power lamp AC should be illuminated by now. Press the test button. 8) You will hear an audio warning WARNING UNDER ATTACK. On the LWS display OL, check that at least one hemisphere of each type has illuminated. Exactly which lamps illuminate will differ from test to test. You will have to wait 20sec to reset test and extinguish the lamps, so move on and come back to it. 9) Quickly check Hydraulic System Pressure and Temperatures levels AT are nominal. Right Panels ADF, Autopilot & Datalink 1) Turn on (up) Signal Flares Power Switch RB. 2) Ensure VHF-1 Radio RB set to desired channel (probably Channel 1). Adjust volume. 3) Ensure ADF RC is in Compass Mode, then press and hold the red test button RC. 4) Check the ADF gauge FL tuned to a bearing of 060 on the outer dial. Release the test button. 5) Switch ADF Mode to ATT (Antenna) and perform the test again. Instead of checking the ADF needle, check that you hear a mix of test tones and Morse code tones. 6) Return the ADF Mode Switch RC to Compass Mode. 7) Engage (illuminate) three of the four Autopilot Assist buttons RC: Pitch Hold, Bank Hold, and Heading/Course Hold. For now, leave the Altitude Hold button disengaged, since engaging Altitude Hold while still on the ground may the cause the Doppler system and radar altimeter to display erroneous readings below 4m, thus causing unpredictable behavior. It may also cause autopilot to try to maintain 0m. 8) Set the Altitude Hold Switch to RC Radar Mode (down), if flying below 300m. 9) Set Autopilot Heading/Course Mode knob RC as appropriate. 10) Set the BDI-800 Datalink Control knob RC to OPERATIONAL. 11) Turn on (up) Nav Datalink Power RC. 12) Set Navigation Mode by selecting WAYPOINT from the keypad RF. 13) Press 1 in the keypad to select Waypoint 1. Check keypad now displays Nav data. Overhead Panels 1) Set the UV-26 Countermeasures Program OR as appropriate. 2) Turn on (up) Engine Anti-Ice/Dust Protection System OR if outside temperature <5 C. Otherwise, set power switch to DUST position (down), enabling active Dust Protection. Alternatively, the EKRAN will provide a preemptive Icing warning prior to any actual icing, so waiting to turn on Anti-Icing Systems under these circumstances is fine in the game world. 15

3) Turn on (up) Rotor Anti-Ice System OR if outside temperature <5 C. Otherwise, return power switch to off (down). 4) Test the Pitot Ram Air Heat and the Pitot Static Heat Systems by turning on (up) their associated power switches OL and pressing the Pitot Tube Heat Test button OR, checking that the lamps to the left and right of the button illuminate, indicating a good test. Note: the manual indicates that this test feature is functional, but I ve been unable to replicate it myself. 5) Leave Pitot Ram Air Heat on to heat sensors and the Mechanical Clock if outside temperature <5 C. Otherwise return power switch to off (down). 6) Leave Pitot Static Heat on to heat the sensors, including the AOA and side-slip vane sensors, if outside temperature <5 C. Otherwise, return power switch to off (down). 7) Reset the LWS button OL (from test earlier). 8) Reset the Master Warning Light FL, if necessary. 9) Check overhead panel lamps for warnings and advisories. By now, all lamps should have extinguished with the exception of FWD and AFT BOOST PUMP lamps OR (and Engine and Rotor Anti-Ice or Dust lamps, if engaged), which remain illuminated for duration of flight. Front-Right Panel STBY ADI & ABRIS 1) Uncage and calibrate the Standby (Backup) ADI with the knob at right. 2) Check ABRIS fully booted, and that the Self-Test was successful. 3) Check both ABRIS Nav sensors, GNSS and Altimeter, indicate READY. 4) Check ABRIS Menus/Systems/Nav, etc. 5) Make Flight Plan adjustment, etc., as appropriate ***This Concludes the Pre-Taxi Phase*** 16

Appendix A: Engines and Power Train System 1. Right engine impingement starter. 2. Right engine TV3-117VMA. 3. Main gearbox. 4. Left engine TV3-117VMA. 5. Left engine impingement starter. 6. Intermediate gearbox. 7. APU. 8. APU bleed air pipeline. 9. Right generator. 10. Turbine drive. 11. Left generator. 12. Input drive shaft. 17

Appendix B: Fuel System 1. Pump. One for every tank. 2. Pressure switch. One for every tank. 3. Non-return valve. 4. Floating valve. 5. Scupper assy. For forward and aft tanks. 6. Fuel quantity transmitter. For forward and aft tanks. 7. Shutoff valve left engine. 8. Cross-feed valve. 9. Shutoff valve right engine. 10. Bypass non-return valve. 11. Shutoff valve APU. 18

Appendix C: Electrical System 19

Appendix D: Hydraulic System 20

1. Main hydraulic system pressure indicator 2. Common hydraulic system pressure indicator 3. Servo actuators main-common hydraulics switch 4. Servo actuators. Pitch and bank actuators, yaw actuator and collective actuator 5. Moving gun hydraulic accumulators 6. Moving gun stop lock 7. Moving gun vertical actuator 8. Moving gun horizontal actuator 9. Moving gun 10. Emergency gear selector switch 11. Retract/Extend gear lever 12. Left gear lock check valve 13. Nose gear lock check valve 14. Right gear lock check valve 15. Left gear actuator 16. Nose gear actuator 17. Right gear actuator 18. Right gear door actuator 19. Left gear door actuator 20. Brakes pressure indicator 21. Left wheel brake actuator 22. Right wheel brake actuator 23. Brakes hydraulic accumulator 24. Common system pump 25. Common system tank 26. Common system accumulator 27. Main system pump 28. Main system tank 29. Main system accumulator 21