Smart Grid: Intelligent Electricity Network Karlsruhe, November 3 rd 2011 EnBW Regional AG Michael Kirsch Grid Concepts Energie braucht Impulse
Agenda Introduction in our grid system Current Situation Three technical challenges Our activities Conclusion
REG BBB, Heck/Brendle Transmission control areas in Germany 50 miles 50 Herz Transmission GmbH (former Vattenfall) Berlin Amprion GmbH (RWE) Dortmund Ettlingen Heilbronn Ludwigsburg Ellwangen Stuttgart Kirchheim unter Teck TenneT TSO GmbH (former E.ON) Bayreuth Rheinhausen Biberach Donaueschingen Tuttlingen EnBW Transportnetze AG Stuttgart Rheinfelden
Constructing and operating power grids as the core business of EnBW Regional AG Electricity Gas 380 / 220 kv grid Gas transport grid 110 kv grid High-pressure grids (> 1 bar) 30/20/10 kv grid 0.4 kv grid Distribution grids (< 1bar)
The EnBW distribution grid competence Concentrating the European Distribution System Know How Company Length of the network EnergieDienst EWE 14,000 km 80,000 km EnBW ODR 13,000 km Stadtwerke Düsseldorf 8,000 km ZEAG Energie PREdi ELMÜ EnBW Regional AG Total 2,000 km 12,700 km 45,000 km 101,000 km approx. 275,000 km 5 All figures are approximate.
Agenda Introduction in our distribution grid Current Situation Three technical challenges Our activities Conclusion
Network requirements are changing Reasons The german energy turnaround Targets for 2050: 80 % renewable Energies Increase of energy efficency 20% E-mobility 1 Mio. E-Cars expected in 2020 Implementation of loadinfrastructure Simultanious load structure European law CO2-Savings Reduction of (energy-) consumption Customer Inforamtions Sales Dynamic tarifs Smart Home (additional Value for customers Smart Meter
Decentralized generation in Germany is booming This trend will even accelerate GW Wind The generation capacity continues to increase proportionally until 2020. GWp Solar In Germany until 2020 installed capacity will be quadrupled. 45 45 30 30 15 15 0 2000 05 10 15 2020 Actual Forecast Installed Capacity Off - Shore On - Shore 0 Year 2000 0 5 10 1 5 2020 Actual Forecast Source: DENA - German Energy Agency 2010 8
Mono structure or Swabian optimization Challenge: Congestion Forecast and Voltage Fluctuation Subsidies in Germany for PV-installations in 2011 On roof installations (up to 30 kw) 28.74 ct/kwh Façade installations (up to 30 kw) 28.74 ct/kwh Open area installations (for converted areas) 22.07 ct/kwh 9
The current distribution of the decentralized generation in Germany indicates the necessity of grid extension Solar Wind Forecast 2020 Installed capacity - Wind: ~ 45,800 MW Installed capacity - PV: ~ 51,800 MW Installed Capacity kw pro km 2 All control areas (in 2010 0.0- < 5.0 (1103) 5.0 - < 10.0 (1023) 10.0 - < 20.0 (1458) 20.00 - < 50.00 (2543) 50.00 - < 100.00 (1492) 100.00 - < 2000.00 (619) High Costs - Low Generation Installed generation capacity in Germany in 2010 Conventional: 94,720 MW Renewable: 56,700 MW 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 90-99 70-79 80-89 High wind energy yield at sea The electricity demand in Germany in 2010 Peak load: 79,884 MW Minimum Load: 34,608 MW Source: DENA - German Energy Agency 2010 Installed generation capacity forecast conventional:??? Installed generation capacity forecast renewable: 112,000 MW
Agenda Introduction in our distribution grid Current Situation Three technical challenges Our activities Conclusion
Our technical challenges Voltage (U) Voltage level in the range ±10 % of nominal voltage level Overload (I) Overload of instalations reduces durability (cabels, transformers ) Frequency (f) Creates need of massive development in all grid levels To ensure the frequency of 50 Hz, generation Not and solvable by more demand have to be balenced at any time copper
E-mobility Network simulation The capacity utilization of a transformer during fast charging 160 % Friday Saturday Sunday 140 % 120 % 100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % Load curve + E-Mobility Load Curve E-Mobility 0 % Home 0:00 12:00 24:00 12:00 24:00 12:00 24:00 Simulation parameters: 350 Households, 12 E-Vehicles ( 4 % of the population), fast charging 20 kw, 45 min/d, with simulation steps of 15 Min. 13
Mind Game Germany in 2050 Energy concept of german government Generation Capacity TWh 624-20% Energy Efficieny GW 600 330 500 500-20% Import 275 400 400 320 80% Target 80% Simultaneity 177,8 220 300 142,2 165 200 100 102,3 56,7-20% Energy Efficiency 34,6 27,7 110 55 115 GW overload Capacity 2010 total 2050 total 2050 renewable 2010 renewable 2050 renewable 2010 2050 minimum load
Agenda Introduction in our distribution grid Current Situation Three cases Three challenges Our activities Conclusion
Aktivities of EnBW NetLab Freiamt im Breisgau a special location Nomberous renewable generation units with different technologies Distribution system today tempararily self-sustaining -> backfeeding into high-voltage-level Easy messarement, central feeding of the 20kV-network by station Sexau Installed renewable Capacity 6,9 MW Baden-Württemberg Freiamt im Breisgau Load 1,8 MW Inhabitans 4264 Cars/Motorbikes 2517 / 366 16
Diversity in generation Challenge: Self Sufficiency What makes Freiamt s grid so unique? Vast number of decentralized generation units of different types. Grid runs partially self sufficient Simple measurement due to the grid structure. Power (kw) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Wind Solar irradiation Baden-Württemberg Freiamt im Breisgau Wind speed (m/s) 20 16 12 8 4 0 Length of the network 55 km Number of Stations 60 Generation 6.8 MW (Installed Capacity) Load 1.8 MW Population 4264 Number of cars 2517 17-500 -1000-1500 -2000 00:00 Type of Generation Quantity Capacity (kw) CHP Biogas 2 430 00:00 Photovoltaic Hydro Load Flow 00:00 00:00 5 45 217 3 00:00 00:00 2878 03.05 04.05 05.05 06.05 07.05 08.05 09.05 Online-Measurements at Sub-Station Sexau from 03.05 to11.05 Wind 2 3400 (+2300 in constr.) 62 00:00 00:00 10.05 Last Update: Jan. 2011
Special Case: Sonderbuch 190 inhabitants 600,000 800,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Analysis 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0 Year Network reinforcements (cumulative) Generation subsidies (cumulative) Electricity demand (kwh) Yearly PV electricity generation (kwh) 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 kwh High density of solar generation units: 60 units and 190 inhabitants 1,2 MW installed generation, 200 kw max. load Today three substations, 160 Meters
The conversion into a Smart Grid leads to considerable investments HV 0.1 MV/HV 1.5 MV 7.0-11.2 LV/MV 2.5 LV 9.4-11.8 0 5 10 15 Capital expenditures [Bn ] Total: 21-27 [Bn ] Source: BMU - German ministry of Environment, Berlin 19
Agenda Introduction in our distribution grid Current Situation Three technical challenges Our activities Conclusion
Conclusion Intelligent Electricity - Network of the future Further developments occur simultaneously in four different areas Extension of renewables Transformation to an intelligent distribution grid Demand Side Management and Home Automation Investment in transmission network, Overlay, HVDC Solving the tasks will go on in two steps: 1. Solving the technical challange to the grid by an modular solution system 2. Solving the renewable overgeneration by temporarily reduction of renewable generation, (battery-)storage, Power to Gas, Demand Side Management, => Not the expansion of renewable generation units will set the point of a CO2 free energy generation in germany, but the speed of solving the grid challanges in the future 21 I
Thank you for your attention! EnBW Regional AG Michael Kirsch Grid Concepts Energie braucht Impulse