Midterm Event Holger Czuday, Bayern Innovativ 7th February 2014 Automotive Battery Recycling and 2nd Life 1
Consortium: D NL - F External: Paris, 15 janvier 2014 2
Problem description Daily message at my laptop desk (after two years): The battery can be charged normally. You may registrade permanently reduced operating hours since the long term operating hours is decreasing Transferred to Electromobility: - New battery?? - 2 nd life use?? - recycling?? - Paris, 15 janvier 2014 3
Project description Key Dimension: Technological strategies Context and Objectives Paris, 15 janvier 2014 4
Project description Paris, 15 janvier 2014 5
Work plan Paris, 15 janvier 2014 6
WP 1 - Battery degradation behaviour Objectives of the WP 1 - Design and execution of accelerated ageing tests - Intensive Research on highly nonlinear battery behavior at the EoL by electrical engineering AND chemical analyses - Investigate the influence of change of operation type on battery lifetime in order to diminish the battery deterioration - Development of methods and models to determine the SoH (in-vehicle and quick test) and to estimate the battery life when operation type is changed - Develop a classification of failed EV batteries and investigate methods to estimate the ability to repair EV batteries - Integration of knowledge in all levels (cell, battery pack, EV) to diminish deterioration Main tasks: Basic research on the ageing mechanisms of Li-ion cells (C-NMC) Comparison of accelerated laboratory ageing tests with aged modules from the real use in the Mini E Investigation of the cells non linear ageing behavior 2nd-life-app. Integration of an ageing model in an energy management model on vehicle level Current status: Accelerated cell ageing tests in the lab running since 4 months no rise of the capacity fading rate has occurred yet (still linear) At the moment the logged data of the Mini Es is analyzed, afterwards the used modules ageing status is compared to the laboratory cell tests Paris, 15 janvier 2014 7
WP 1 - Battery degradation behaviour 0,11 0,105 0,1 R_i (EIS) [Ohm] 0,095 0,09 0,085 0,08 0,075 0,07 0,065 CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/0,5 R_i (ID 214) CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/0,5 R_i (ID 230) CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/0,5 R_i (ID 6) CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/1 R_i (ID 2) CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/1 R_i (ID 142) CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/1 R_i (ID 77) CC 50 C 80 % 0,5/1 R_i (ID 21) CC 50 C 80 % 1/0,5 R_i (ID 132) CC 50 C 80 % 1/0,5 R_i (ID 161) CC 50 C 80 % 1/0,5 R_i (ID 133) 0,06 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Charge throughput [Ah] Example: Development of the ohmic resistance of cells cycled with different C-rates Paris, 15 janvier 2014 8
WP 2-2nd life solutions Objectives of the WP Model degradation and SoH of EV batteries Determine the technical specifications of 2 nd life batteries Evaluate 2 nd life grid connected applications based on a software tool intermittency Milestone(s): M.2.1: Selection of 2nd life applications for EV battery systems M.2.2: Evaluation and validation of scenario's for 2nd life battery applications Paris, 15 janvier 2014 9
WP 2-2nd life solutions Refurbished battery from End of Life Electric vehicle. Energy storage Battery Energy storage Battery Paris, 15 janvier 2014 10
WP 3 - Recycling Solutions Objectives of the WP 3 The main task is the development of a mechanical and chemical process chain to recover the valuable raw materials from batteries at their final end of life, the closing of the life cycle respectively. Paris, 15 janvier 2014 11
WP 3 - Recycling Solutions Recycling of HV storage systems dismantling, discharge and crushing Dismantling of battery packs up to cell level (generating of mass balances of components and materials) Online Detection of SoC: Trials with laptop accumulators to identify and separate critical cells =necessary step for a safe crushing of the cells Crushing of different cell types to investigate degree of liberation of components and particle sizes; measurement of energy release during crushing as a function of SoC Paris, 15 janvier 2014 12
WP 3 - Recycling Solutions Paris, 15 janvier 2014 13
WP 3 - Recycling Solutions Recycling of HV storage systems Screening, sorting and recycling of crushing products Sorting of particles with sizes > 1 mm Separation of cage material of cells and separator foil by sifting to enrich electrode foils Sorting of particles with sizes < 1 mm (carbon black fraction) Qualification tests of density sorting, sieving, air current density sorting and magnetic separation to enrich one or more valuable components of this fraction accomplished Further tests on the separation via density sorting, sieving and magnetic separation are planed Qualification tests of separation via flotation are planed Tests on increasing the separation of active material from the electrode foils in order to increase the amount of the resulting fraction with particle sizes < 1 mm accomplished Paris, 15 janvier 2014 14
WP 4 - Business models for batteries 2nd Life and recycling solutions Objectives of the WP 4 Which business models to capture value from recycling and 2nd life battery activity? Comparison of two senarios : 1) First life Battery for Electric Vehicule + First life battery for House Energy Management with photovoltaïc cells 2) First life Battery for Electric Vehicule + Second life battery for House Energy Management with photovoltaïc cells EV HEM EV-HEM Paris, 15 janvier 2014 15
WP 4 - Business models for batteries 2nd Life and recycling solutions Methodology based on LCA assessment / First models : - Define a common functional unit and main hypotheses (WP4 Workshop of ABattReLife) - Build 3 models, implement in Gabi software : - EV - HEM - EV-HEM - Assess the environmental impacts : - EV + HEM <> EV-HEM EV + HEM <> EV - HEM Conclusion : first iteration of model building for environmental assessment with LCA methodology need of further steps to analyze the first life cycle model/results and adjust it Paris, 15 janvier 2014 16
WP 5 - Small Scale Pilot Objectives of the WP 5 Develop from the technologies development of battery 2nd life and recycling solutions their implementation with small scale pilots. Acitvities will follow to the outputs of the other WP s and start within this year Paris, 15 janvier 2014 17
WP 6 - Communication / Dissemination / Exploitation Objectives of the WP 6 The objective of this WP is to optimize the communication strategy and tools by providing a coherent framework and actively pursue dissemination strategy for the results generated. http://www.abattrelife.eu/ Paris, 15 janvier 2014 18
Thank You 19