ts-ih-,l-lh- >kj[k.m flfoy lsok eq[; ijh{kk v/;;u lkexzh iw.kzr% la'kksfèkr,oa v ru Hkkjrh; lafoèkku] jktuhfr,oa yksd ç'kklu ç ui= & IV Prepared by
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Hkkjrh; lafoèkku] jktuhfrd,oa yksd ç'kklu Hkkjrh; lafoèkku,sfrgkfld vkèkkj] fodkl] fo"ks krk,a] la'kksèku] egùoiw.kz çkoèkku vksj cqfu;knh lajpuk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku,sfrgkfld vkèkkj Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk fuekz.k vusd,sfrgkfld?kvukvksa ij fuhkzj FkkA fczfv'k dky ds nksjku fodflr y{k.kks a us lafoèkku fuekz.k dh i`"bhkwfe fufezr dha ;s y{k.k fueufyf[kr gsa % jsx;qysfvax,sdv] 1773 bl,sdv ds rgr lalnh; fu;a=.k dk vkjehk gqvka caxky dk xouzj] xouzj tujy cuk fn;k x;ka bl izdkj okjsu gsflvax~l izfke xouzj tujy cuka enzkl vksj cecbz izslhmsalh caxky ds vèkhu gks xbza blus Hkkjr es a dsanzhñr 'kklu iz.kkyh dk vkjehk fd;ka dydùkk es a,d mppre U;k;ky; dk izkoèkku fd;k x;ka blds izfke eq[; U;k;kèkh'k lj,fytkg beis cusa fiv~l bafm;k,sdv] 1784 bl vfèkfu;e dks jsx;qysfvax,sdv dh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, ikfjr fd;k x;ka blds }kjk Hkkjrh; ekeyksa dks fczfv'k ljdkj ds izr;{k fu;a=.k es a dj fn;k x;ka deiuh ds 'kkldh; fudk; vfkkzr~ funs'kd eamy ds Åij Ng lnl;h; ^fu;a=d eamy* dk xbu fd;k x;ka Hkkjr ea=h] foùk ea=h] pkj izhoh dkmaflyj lnl;ksa dks Hkkjrh; ekeyksa dk vk;qdr cuk;k x;ka fiv~l,sdv dh O;oLFkk 1857 rd pyrh jgha 1813 dk pkvzj,sdv deiuh ds Hkkjr esa O;kikfjd,dkfèkdkj ¼pk; dks NksM+dj½ dks lekir dj fn;k x;k vksj fczfv'k fuokfl;ksa dks Hkkjr ls O;kikj djus dh NwV nh xbza deiuh dh okf.kft;d vk; dks {ks=h; jktlo ls i`fkd dj fn;k x;ka LFkkuh; Lok;Ùk'kklh lalfkkvksa dks djkjksi.k dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka Hkkjrh;ksa dh f'k{kk ij 1 yk[k #i;s okf"kzd O;; djus dk izkoèkku fd;k x;ka èkez fohkkx ¼,DyhftvksfLVdy fohkkx½ dh LFkkiuk dh xbza bl,sdv es a uhfr&funs'kd rùoksa ds cht ns[kus dks feyrs gsaa 1833 dk pkvzj,sdv ;s fczfv'k Hkkjr es a ds anzh;dj.k dh vksj vafre pj.k ekuk tkrk gsa deiuh ds O;kikfjd vfèkdkj dks iw.kzr% lekir dj fn;k x;k vksj og iz'kklfud lalfkk dh Hkwfedk fuhkkus yxha caxky dk xouzj Hkkjr dk xouzj tujy cuk fn;k x;ka fofy;e casfvd Hkkjr ds izfke xouzj tujy cusa xouzj tujy ds ifj"kn es a,d pksfkk lnl; fofèk lnl; ds :i es a tksm+k x;ka ykwmz esdkys izfke fofèk lnl; cusa ckwecs] enzkl dh ljdkjksa dks foèkk;h vfèkdkj ls oafpr dj fn;k x;ka blesa ;g izkoèkku fd;k x;k fd dsoy tue] tkfr] oxz] èkez ;k tuelfkku ds vkèkkj ij fdlh dks fdlh in ;k lsok ls oafpr ugha fd;k tk,xka ykwmz esdkys dh vè;{krk es a izfke fofèk vk;ksx dk xbu fd;k x;k vksj IPC, CrPC vksj CPC dk fuekz.k fd;k x;ka igyh ckj bl vfèkfu;e es a Hkkjrh; lafoèkku es a of.kzr ewykfèkdkjksa ds cht ns[kus dks feyrs gsaa 1853 dk pkvzj,sdv bl,sdv ds }kjk xouzj tujy dh dk;zikfydk,oa foèkk;h 'kfdr;ka i`fkd dh xb±a Hkkjr ds fy, vyx foèkku ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk dh xbza 3
Why should read Develop India Study Material? Msosyi bafm;k xzqi v/;;u lkexzh dks D;ksa i<+uk pkfg,\ 1- (DIG) is India s largest complete study materials provider website. Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) Hkkjr dh lcls cm+h v/;;u lkexzh çnkrk osclkbv gsa 2- (DIG) prepared their study materials in the guidance of highly qualified and experience mentoring specialist- Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) us lq;ksx; vksj vuqhkoh lykg fo'ks"kkksa ds ekxzn'kzu es a viuh v/;;u lkexzh rs;kj dh gsa 3- (DIG) study materials have been prepared strictly according to revised syllabus- Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) v/;;u lkexzh iw.kzr;k la'kksf/kr ikbîøe ds vuqlkj rs;kj dh xbz gsa 4- Only aim behind preparing these study materials is to provide study material to those students, who are unable to attend coaching classes in mega cities- bu v/;;u lkefxz;ksa dks rs;kj djus dk mís'; dsoy mu Nk=ksa dks v/;;u lkexzh çnku djuk gs] tks egkuxjksa es a dksfpax Dyklsl es a Hkkx ysus es a vlefkz gsaa 5- All kind of facts & data in this material have been collected from authentic sources- bl lkexzh esa lhkh çdkj ds rf;ksa vksj MsVk dks çkekf.kd lzksrksa ls,d= fd;k x;k gsa 6- All kind of data is updated in quarterly in our study notes- gekjh v/;;u lkefxz;ksa es a lhkh çdkj ds vkad³ksa dks frekgh esa vimsv fd;k tkrk gsa 7- (DIG) study materials have been prepared in simple language so that student can memorize easily and better understand- Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) v/;;u lkexzh ljy Hkk"kk es a rs;kj dh xbz gs rkfd Nk= vklkuh ls vksj csgrj <ax ls le> ldsa 8- Complete syllabus of preliminary and main exam has been covered in this study material- çkjafhkd vksj eq[; ijh{kk dk iwjk ikbîøe bl v/;;u lkexzh es a 'kkfey fd;k x;k gsa 9- All important and relevant points have been highlighted in bold, underline and italic ways- cksym] js[kkadu vksj bvsfyd rjhds ls lhkh egroiw.kz vksj çklafxd fcanqvksa dks gkbykbv fd;k x;k gsa 10- We have prepared our study materials with trained, talented, experienced team for each subject. They are supported by subject experts- geus çr;sd fo"k; ds fy, çf'kf{kr] çfrhkk'kkyh] vuqhkoh Vhe ds lkfk vksj fo"k; fo'ks"kkksa ds ekxzn'kzu es a v/;;u lkexzh rs;kj dh gsa 11- Once you will read these study materials, you will surely find 70 to 80 % questions in next coming examination-,d ckj tc vki ;s v/;;u lkexzh i<+ ysaxs] rks vkidks fuf'pr :i ls vkus okyh ijh{kk es a 70 ls 80% ç'u feysaxsaa 12- So BUY TODAY and secure your future- blfy, vkt gh [kjhns a vksj viuk Hkfo"; lqjf{kr djsa- Call us for more details : +91 8756987953 4
Hkkjrh; foèkku ifj"kn es a {ks=h; izfrfufèkro dk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;ka foèkkulhkk }kjk ikfjr foèks;dksa ij xouzj tujy dh vuqefr vfuok;z dj nh xbz rfkk mls ohvks ikoj Hkh nh xbza deiuh ds dezpkfj;kas dh fu;qfdr ds fy, ;ksx;rk iz.kkyh dks eku;rk nh xbza 1858 dk Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e bls ^,sdv QkWj n csvj xouzesav QkWj bafm;k* dgk x;ka deiuh dk 'kklu lekir fd;k x;k vksj Hkkjrh; lùkk fczfv'k rkt dks ns nh xbza Hkkjrh; ekeyks a dk izhkkjh fczfv'k eaf=eamy dk lnl; gksrk Fkk] ftls Hkkjr ea=h dgk x;ka mldh lgk;rk ds fy, 15 lnl;h; ifj"kn cukbz xbza Hkkjr ea=h ¼lfpo½ fczfv'k laln ds izfr mùkjnk;h gksrk FkkA xouzj tujy dk uke cnydj ok;ljk; dj fn;k x;ka bl izdkj ykwmz dsfuax Hkkjr ds vafre xouzj tujy vksj izfke ok;ljk; cusa 1861 dk Hkkjrh; ifj"kn~ vfèkfu;e 1861 bz- es a *izfke Hkkjrh; ifj"kn~ vfèkfu;e* ikfjr fd;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fueufyf[kr Fkha % ok;ljk; dks vè;kns'k tkjh djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka ok;ljk; dh ifj"kn es a Hkkjrh; izfrfufèk;ksa dks ukfer djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka igyh ckj Hkkjrh;ksa dks foèkk;h dk;ks± es a layxu fd;k x;ka xouzj tujy dks ladvdkyhu volfkk es a foèkku ifj"kn~ dh vuqefr ds fcuk gh vè;kns'k tkjh djus dh vuqefr ns nh xbza ;s vè;kns'k vfèkdkfèkd 6 ekl rd ykxw jg ldrs FksA 1892 dk Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vfèkfu;e bl vfèkfu;e dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fueufyf[kr Fkha % bl vfèkfu;e us Hkkjr es a izfrfufèkro iz.kkyh ;k izfrfufèk ljdkj dh 'kq#vkr dha okf"kzd ctv ij ppkz djus dh vuqefr nh xbza dqn 'krks± ds vèkhu ljdkj ls iz'u iwnus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vfèkfu;e] 1909 ¼ekyZs&feaVks lqèkkj½ ekys Z&feaVks lqèkkj dk y{; 1892 ds vfèkfu;e ds nks"kks a dks nwj djuk rfkk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr es a c<+rs gq, mxzokn rfkk Økafrdkjh jk"vªokn ls mriuu flfkfr dk lkeuk djuk FkkA bl vfèkfu;e dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fueufyf[kr Fkha % vizr;{k fuokzpu ds fl)kar dks eku;rk nh xbza lkeiznkf;d izfrfufèkro iz.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr dh xbz] ftles a eqflye leiznk; ds fy, vyx fuokzpd eamy dk fuekz.k fd;k x;ka lkoztfud egùo ds fo"k; ij cgl dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka ifj"kn ds Hkkjrh; lnl;ksa dks iwjd iz'u iwnus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk Hkkjr lfpo dh ifj"kn rfkk Hkkjr ds ok;ljk; dh dk;zdkfj.kh ifj"kn es a lozizfke Hkkjrh; lnl;ks a dks lfeefyr fd;k x;ka nks Hkkjrh; ds-lh- xqirk rfkk ls ;n gqlsu fcyxzkeh dks baxysam flfkr Hkkjr ifj"kn es a fu;qdr fd;k x;ka Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e] 1919 ¼ek.VsX;w,oa pselqksmz lqèkkj½ ;g ekmavqksmz ;kstuk ij vkèkkfjr Fkk] ftls 1921 ls Hkkjr es a ykxw fd;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk dk iz;kl fd;k x;ka izkarksa es a }Sèk 'kklu dh LFkkiuk dh xbz] ftlds rgr izkarh; ljdkj ds nks Hkkx gks x, % 1- vkjf{kr % ftldk iz'kklu xouzj vius }kjk euksuhr lnl;ksa ds ekè;e ls djrk FkkA 2- glrkarfjr % ftldk iz'kklu xouzj] foèkkueamy ds fuokzfpr lnl;ksa ds }kjk cuh eaf=ifj"kn dh lgk;rk ls djrk FkkA LFkkuh; Lo'kklu izkarh; rfkk glrkarfjr fo"k; cuk;k x;ka dasnz esa f}lnukred foèkkueamy dh LFkkiuk dh xbz] ftugas foèkkulhkk rfkk jkt; ifj"kn dk uke fn;k x;ka dasnzh; foèkkulhkk dk dk;zdky rhu o"kz dk Fkk vksj ;s iwjs Hkkjr ds fy, dkuwu cuk ldrh FkhA Hkkjr esa izr;{k fuokzpu iz.kkyh dh LFkkiuk dh xbza ok;ljk; dh ifj"kn es a Hkkjrh; lnl;ksa dh la[;k c<+kdj rhu dj nh xbza egkys[kk ijh{kd ds in dk l`tu fd;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk fl=;ksa dks erkfèkdkj fn;k x;ka usg: fjiksvz 5