INTRODUCTION... xxv BACKGROUND... xxv STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... xxv INTENDED AUDIENCE... xxvi SCOPE OF REPORT... xxvi INFORMATON SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY... xxvii ANALYST CREDENTIALS... xxviii RELATED BCC REPORTS... xxviii BCC ONLINE SERVICES... xxviii DISCLAIMER... xxix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... xxx SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN TRANSPORTATION, THROUGH 2011... xxx SUMMARY FIGURE TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS/$ BILLIONS)... xxx OVERVIEW... 1 DEFINITIONS... 1 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS... 1 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 1 IMPORTANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS... 1 FUEL CONSUMPTION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR... 1 FIGURE 1 TRANSPORTATION SECTOR SHARE OF GLOBAL OIL CONSUMPTION, 2003 AND 2010 (%)... 2 FIGURE 2 GLOBAL FUEL CONSUMPTION BY TRANSPORT MODE, 2005 (%)... 3 TRANSPORT SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GAS AND OTHER EMISSIONS... 4 Greenhouse Gases... 4 FIGURE 3 GLOBAL TRANSPORT SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS (%)... 4 FIGURE 3 (CONTINUED)... 5 Other Pollutants... 5 ROLE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN REDUCING TRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS... 6 TRADEOFFS... 6 Safety Aspects of Lightweight Materials... 6 Cost... 7 FIGURE 4 COMPARATIVE COST/STRENGTH OF STEEL VS. LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR VEHICLE PRIMARY STRUCTURES ($/LB AND GPA)... 8
FIGURE 5 CFRP FABRICATION COSTS USING DIFFERENT FABRICATION METHODS ($/LB)... 9 Durability/Reliability... 10 Recyclability... 11 Conservatism... 12 END-USER SEGMENTS... 13 TABLE 1 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2011 (TONS)... 13 FIGURE 6 TRENDS IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2005-2011 (TONS)... 13 FIGURE 7 MAJOR END-USER SHARES OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2005 VS. 2011 (%)... 14 MOTOR VEHICLES... 15 Historical Production... 15 FIGURE 8 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY TYPE, 2005 (%)... 15 TABLE 2 GLOBAL MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2005 (MILLION UNITS)... 16 FIGURE 9 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE, 1998-2005 (MILLION UNITS)... 16 Future Production... 17 FIGURE 10 FUTURE TRENDS IN PRODUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES BY TYPE, 2005-2011 (MILLION UNITS)... 17 TABLE 3 PROJECTED MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION UNITS)... 18 Vehicle Weight and Materials Use... 18 FIGURE 11 AVERAGE VEHICLE WEIGHTS BY CLASS, 2005 (POUNDS)... 18 FIGURE 11 (CONTINUED)... 19 FIGURE 12 TOTAL MOTOR VEHICLE MATERIAL USAGE (MILLION TONS)... 19 FIGURE 12 (CONTINUED)... 20 RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK... 20 Historical Production... 20 TABLE 4 GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK, 2005 (UNITS)... 20 Future Shipments... 21 TABLE 5 PROJECTED SHIPMENTS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK, THROUGH 2011 (UNITS)... 21 Weight and Materials Requirements... 21 TABLE 6 AVERAGE WEIGHT OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK (TONS PER UNIT)... 21 FIGURE 13 TOTAL RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVE AND ROLLING STOCK MATERIAL USAGE (MILLION TONS)... 22
SHIPS... 22 Historical Deliveries... 23 FIGURE 14 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIP DELIVERIES, 2001-2005 (MILLION GROSS TONS)... 23 TABLE 7 WORLD SHIP DELIVERIES, THROUGH 2005 (MILLION TONS)... 23 Future Deliveries... 24 TABLE 8 WORLD SHIP DELIVERIES, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION GROSS TONS)... 24 FIGURE 15 PROJECTED SHIP DELIVERIES, 2005-2011 (MILLION GROSS TONS)... 24 Weight and Materials Use... 25 FIGURE 16 STEELWEIGHT OF PROJECTED SHIP DELIVERIES, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS)... 25 AIRCRAFT... 26 Historical Aircraft Deliveries... 26 FIGURE 17 GLOBAL CIVIL AIRCRAFT DELIVERIES, 2005 (%)... 26 Future Deliveries... 27 TABLE 9 GLOBAL DELIVERIES OF CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, THROUGH 2011 (UNITS/$ BILLIONS)... 27 FIGURE 18 TRENDS IN GLOBAL DELIVERIES OF CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005-2011 (UNITS)... 27 Weight and Materials Requirements... 28 FIGURE 19 TOTAL CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT MATERIALS USAGE, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS)... 28 FIGURE 19 (CONTINUED)... 29 TABLE 10 CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT AVERAGE UNLOADED WEIGHT, BY TYPE OF AIRCRAFT, 2005 (POUNDS)... 29 Weight and Materials (Continued)... 30 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 31 OVERVIEW... 31 METALS AND ALLOYS... 31 High-Strength Steel... 31 Description... 31 Technologies... 32 Carbon-Manganese Steel... 32 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels... 32 Advanced High-Strength Steels... 33 Dual-Phase Steels... 33 Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels... 33 High Hole Expansion Steels... 34 Complex Phase Steels... 34 Martensitic Steels... 34
End-Users and Applications... 34 TABLE 11 MAJOR END-USERS AND APPLICATIONS OF HIGH- STRENGTH STEEL... 35 Motor Vehicles... 35 Body Structures... 35 Other Applications... 36 Suspensions... 36 Light Truck Structures... 36 Rail Cars... 36 Shipbuilding... 37 Prices... 37 FIGURE 20 TRENDS IN GLOBAL CARBON STEEL PRICES, 1995-2006 (APRIL 1994 = 100)... 37 Manufacturers... 38 TABLE 12 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF LIGHTWEIGHT STEEL FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 38 Aluminum... 39 General Description... 39 Types of Aluminum Alloys... 39 TABLE 13 ALUMINUM ALLOY DESIGNATIONS... 39 Types of Aluminum (Continued)... 40 End-Users and Applications... 41 Motor Vehicles... 41 TABLE 14 AVERAGE LIGHT VEHICLE ALUMINUM CONTENT, BY REGION OF MANUFACTURE AND YEAR, THOUGH 2006 (POUNDS PER VEHICLE)... 42 FIGURE 21 TRENDS IN AVERAGE LIGHT VEHICLE ALUMINUM CONTENT, BY REGION OF MANUFACTURE AND YEAR, 1990-2006 (POUNDS PER VEHICLE)... 42 FIGURE 22 MAIN ALUMINUM APPLICATIONS IN PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2006 (POUNDS PER VEHICLE)... 43 Railway Locomotives and Rolling Stock... 44 Shipbuilding... 44 Aircraft... 44 Light Aircraft... 45 Commercial Airliners and Transport Aircraft... 45 Helicopters... 46 Prices... 46 FIGURE 23 ALUMINUM ALLOY PRICE TRENDS, 1995-2005 ($/SHORT TON)... 47 Manufacturers... 48 TABLE 15 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF ALUMINUM FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 48
Titanium... 48 Description... 49 Material Types... 49 TABLE 16 TITANIUM ALLOYS COMMONLY USED IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS.... 50 End-Users and Applications... 50 Motor Vehicles... 51 TABLE 17 TITANIUM APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES... 51 Exhausts... 51 Springs... 52 Engine Valves... 52 Shipbuilding... 52 Aircraft... 52 Prices... 53 Manufacturers... 54 TABLE 18 MAJOR SUPPLIERS OF TITANIUM AND TITANIUM PRODUCTS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 54 Magnesium... 54 Description... 54 Material Types... 55 End-Users and Applications... 55 Motor Vehicles... 55 Aircraft... 56 Prices... 57 FIGURE 24 TRENDS IN AVERAGE MAGNESIUM ALLOY PRICES, 2005-2011 ($/TON)... 57 Manufacturers... 58 TABLE 19 MAJOR SUPPLIERS OF MAGNESIUM AND MAGNSEIUM PRODUCTS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 58 PLASTICS... 58 Description... 58 Material Types... 59 Commonly Used Plastics... 59 TABLE 20 COMMONLY USED PLASTICS IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 59 TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)... 60 Polypropylene... 60 Polyvinyl Chloride... 61 Thermoplastic Olefins... 61 Polycarbonate... 61 Polyurethane... 62 Polyethylene... 62 Nylon... 62 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene... 63
Polyetheretherketone... 63 Polyphenyl Sulfone... 64 Polyetherimide... 64 End Users and Applications... 64 Motor Vehicles... 64 TABLE 21 TYPICAL PLASTICS APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES... 65 TABLE 21 (CONTINUED)... 66 Aircraft... 66 TABLE 22 TYPICAL PLASTICS APPLICATIONS IN AIRCFAFT... 66 Other End Uses and Applications... 67 Prices... 67 TABLE 23 PRICES OF PLASTICS USED IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS (AVERAGE $/LB)... 67 Manufacturers... 68 TABLE 24 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF PLASTICS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 68 FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES... 69 Description... 69 Material Types... 69 Thermoset Composites... 69 Resin Systems... 69 Polyester... 70 TABLE 25 TYPICAL SMC/BMC FORMULATION... 70 Epoxies... 71 Reinforcements... 71 Glass... 71 Carbon... 71 Thermoplastic Composites... 72 Resin Systems... 72 Reinforcements... 73 Nanocomposites... 73 Resin Systems... 73 Fillers... 73 Montmorillonite... 74 Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes... 74 End-Users and Applications... 75 Motor Vehicles... 75 TABLE 26 TYPICAL COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLES... 75 TABLE 27 AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS... 76 Automotive Applications... 76 Railway Equipment... 77
Shipbuilding... 78 Aircraft... 79 Prices... 80 Manufacturers... 80 TABLE 28 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 81 METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES... 81 Description... 81 Types of Materials... 82 Aluminum Composites... 82 Superalloy Composites... 83 Titanium Composites... 83 End Users and Applications... 83 Motor Vehicles... 83 TABLE 29 POTENTIAL AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF MMCS... 84 Railway Equipment... 84 Aircraft... 84 TABLE 30 POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL/GENERAL AVIATION APPLICATIONS OF MMCS... 85 Prices... 85 Manufacturers... 85 TABLE 31 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 86 HYBRID MATERIALS... 86 Description... 86 Material Types... 86 Plastic/Metal Hybrids... 86 Fiber-Reinforced Metal Laminates... 87 End-Users and Applications... 88 Motor Vehicles... 88 Front Ends... 88 Other Components... 89 Aircraft... 89 Manufacturers... 90 TABLE 32 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF HYBRID MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS... 90 PATENT ANALYSIS... 91 OVERVIEW... 91 PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS BY TYPE OF MATERIAL... 91 FIGURE 25 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH JUNE 2006 AND PATENT APPLICATIONS RELATING TO LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE OF MATERIAL (PERCENT OF ALL PATENTS)... 91 FIGURE 25 (CONTINUED)... 92
PATENTS/PATENT APPLICATIONS BY TYPE OF TRANSPORT APPLICATION... 93 FIGURE 26 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH JUNE 2006 AND PATENT APPLICATIONS RELATING TO LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE OF APPLICATION (PERCENT OF ALL PATENTS)... 93 FIGURE 26 (CONTINUED)... 94 PUBLIC POLICY DIMENSIONS OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS... 95 BACKGROUND... 95 UNITED STATES... 95 FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS... 95 Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975... 96 National Energy Act of 1978... 96 State and Local Legislation... 97 SAFETY STANDARDS... 97 EUROPEAN UNION... 97 FISCAL POLICY... 98 Motor Vehicle Fuel Taxes... 98 Taxes on Jet Fuel... 98 SAFETY STANDARDS... 99 JAPAN... 99 FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS... 99 FUEL TAXES... 100 SAFETY STANDARDS... 100 OTHER COUNTRIES... 100 China... 101 Fuel Economy Standards... 101 Vehicle Safety Standards... 101 INDIA... 101 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 102 SUMMARY... 102 OVERALL MARKET... 102 MARKET BY TYPE OF MATERIAL... 102 TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 102 TABLE 33 (CONTINUED)... 103 FIGURE 27 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS/$ BILLIONS)... 103
FIGURE 28 GLOBAL LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS MARKET SHARES BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2005 VS. 2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TONS CONSUMED)... 104 FIGURE 29 GLOBAL LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS MARKET DOLLAR SHARES BY TYPE OF MATERIAL, 2005 VS. 2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL VALUE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED)... 105 MARKET BY END-USER SEGMENT... 106 TABLE 34 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT BY END- USER SEGMENT, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 106 TABLE 35 GLOBAL LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT, 2005 VS. 2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TONS/VALUE OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED)... 107 DETAILED MARKET ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS... 107 MOTOR VEHICLES... 107 Summary... 107 TABLE 36 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION FORECAST OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN MOTOR VEHICLES, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 108 FIGURE 30 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS TONNAGE SHARES OF MOTOR VEHICLE MARKET, 2005-2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TONS OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED)... 109 FIGURE 31 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS DOLLAR SHARES OF MOTOR VEHICLE MARKET, 2005 2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TONS OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED)... 110 Automobiles and Light Trucks... 111 Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2005... 111 FIGURE 32 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN AUTOS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2005 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED)... 111 FIGURE 33 AUTOMOBILE AND LIGHT TRUCK CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS, 2005 (%)... 112 TABLE 37 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS CONSUMED IN PRODUCTION OF PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT TRUCKS (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 113 High-Strength Steel... 113 Aluminum... 113 Titanium... 114 Magnesium... 114 Plastics... 114 Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites... 114 Metal Matrix Composites... 115
Hybrid Materials... 115 Market Drivers... 115 Production of Passenger Cars and Light Trucks... 115 TABLE 38 PROJECTED GLOBAL SHIPMENTS OF PASSENGER CARS AND OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES, THROUGH 2011 (MILLION UNITS)... 116 FIGURE 34 TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS OF PASSENGER CARS AND OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES, 2005 2011 (MILLION UNITS)... 116 Market Penetration... 116 FIGURE 35 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN AUTOS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2005-2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT)... 117 Price Levels... 118 FIGURE 36 PRICE TRENDS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN AUTOS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, 2005-2011 ($/TON)... 118 Price Levels (Continued)... 119 Market Projections, 2006 to 2011... 120 TABLE 39 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT TRUCKS, THROUGH 2011*... 120 TABLE 39 (CONTINUED)... 121 FIGURE 37 AUTOMOBILE AND LIGHT TRUCK CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS, 2011 (%)... 122 Heavy Trucks... 123 Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2005... 123 FIGURE 38 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN HEAVY TRUCKS, 2005 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED)... 124 Market Drivers... 124 Production of Heavy Trucks... 124 TABLE 40 PROJECTED WEIGHT OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL USED IN HEAVY TRUCKS, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS)... 125 Lightweight Materials Market Penetration... 125 Lightweight Materials Price Trends... 125 TABLE 41 PROJECTED AVERAGE PRICE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS USED IN HEAVY TRUCKS, 2005-2011 ($/TON)... 126 MARKET PROJECTIONS, 2006 TO 2011... 126 TABLE 42 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN HEAVY TRUCKS, THROUGH 2011*... 126 Buses... 127 Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2005... 127
FIGURE 39 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN BUSES, 2005 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED)... 127 FIGURE 40 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2005 (%)... 128 TABLE 43 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2005 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 129 Market Drivers... 129 Bus Shipments... 129 FIGURE 41 TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS OF BUSES AND RELATED MATERIALS CONSUMPTION, 2005 2011 (UNITS/MILLION TONS)... 130 Lightweight Materials Market Penetration... 130 TABLE 44 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2005-2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT)... 131 Lightweight Materials Price Trends... 131 TABLE 45 PRICES OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2005-2011 ($/TON)... 131 Market Projections, 2006-2011... 132 TABLE 46 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN BUSES, THROUGH 2011*... 132 FIGURE 42 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF BUSES, 2011 (%)... 133 RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND ROLLING STOCK... 134 Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2005... 134 FIGURE 43 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2005 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED)... 134 FIGURE 44 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2005 (%)... 135 FIGURE 44 (CONTINUED)... 136 TABLE 47 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2005 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 136 High-Strength Steel... 136 Aluminum Alloy... 137 Plastics... 137 FRP Composites... 137 Metal Matrix Composites... 138 Market Drivers... 138 Railway Car Shipments... 138 FIGURE 45 TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE SHIPMENTS OF RAILWAY CARS, 2005 2011 (UNITS/MILLION TONS)... 139 Lightweight Materials Market Penetration... 139
TABLE 48 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2005-2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT)... 140 Lightweight Materials Price Trends... 141 TABLE 49 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 141 Market Projections, 2006-2011... 141 TABLE 50 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS, THROUGH 2011... 142 FIGURE 46 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE FABRICATION OF RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, 2011 (%)... 143 SHIPBUILDING... 144 Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2005... 144 FIGURE 47 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILIDNG, 2005 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED)... 144 FIGURE 48 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN THE COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2005 (%)... 145 TABLE 51 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF COMMERCIAL SHIPS, 2005 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 146 Aluminum Alloy... 146 TABLE 52 COMMERCIAL SHIP ALUMINUM ALLOY CONTENT, BY TYPE OF SHIP... 146 Plastics and FRP Composites... 147 Market Drivers... 147 Ship Production... 147 TABLE 53 PROJECTED WEIGHT OF MATERIAL USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2005-2011... 148 Lightweight Materials Market Penetration... 148 TABLE 54 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2005-2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT)... 148 Lightweight Materials Price Trends... 149 TABLE 55 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILIDNG, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 149 Market Projections, 2006-2011... 149 TABLE 56 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN SHIPBUILDING, THROUGH 2011*... 150 FIGURE 49 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING, 2011 (%)... 151 COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT... 152 Consumption of Lightweight Materials, 2005... 152
FIGURE 50 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS USED)... 153 FIGURE 51 CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005 (%)... 154 TABLE 57 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN FABRICATION OF COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 155 Market Drivers... 156 Production of Commercial Airliners and Freighters... 156 TABLE 58 PROJECTED WEIGHT OF MATERIAL USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005-2011 (TONS)... 156 Lightweight Materials Market Penetration... 157 TABLE 59 MARKET PENETRATION RATIOS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005-2011 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MATERIALS WEIGHT)... 157 Lightweight Materials Price Trends... 158 TABLE 60 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS USED IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2005-2011 (MILLION TONS/$ MILLIONS)... 158 Projected Market through 2011... 158 TABLE 61 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, THROUGH 2011... 159 FIGURE 52 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS IN COMMERCIAL AND CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT, 2011 (%)... 160 FIGURE 52 (CONTINUED)... 161 COMPANY PROFILES... 162 ADVANCED MAGNESIUM ALLOYS CORP... 162 AEROSPACE METAL COMPOSITES... 162 AKZO NOBEL N.V.... 162 ALCOA INC.... 163 ARVIN MERITOR, INC.... 163 AZDEL, INC.... 163 BASELL POLYOLEFINS COMPANY... 164 BASF AG... 164 BAYER MATERIAL SCIENCE AG... 164 CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC.... 165 DOW CHEMICAL CO.... 165 E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY... 166 DWA ALUMINUM COMPOSITES... 166 EXATEC GMBH & CO. KG... 166 FMW COMPOSITE SYSTEMS, INC.... 166 FREIGHTCAR AMERICA... 167
GE PLASTICS... 167 HEXCEL CORP.... 168 HOLLAND COMPANY... 168 LANXESS AG... 168 MAGNESIUM ELEKTRON... 169 MARTIN MARIETTA COMPOSITES... 169 MESSIER-DOWTY... 170 METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES LLC... 170 MX COMPOSITES AB... 170 NOBLE POLYMERS... 170 POLYONE CORP.... 171 RAYMOR INDUSTRIES INC.... 171 RENTON COIL SPRING CO.... 172 RHODIA SA... 172 SIEMENS AG... 172 SOLVAY SA... 173 TECHNICAL POLYMERS TICONA... 173 3M COMPANY... 174 TITANIUM METALS CORPORATION... 174 UBE INDUSTRIES, LTD.... 174 U.S. STEEL CORP.... 175 VARTECH, INC.... 175 VERKHNAYA SALDA METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION ASSOCATION... 175 VICTREX PLC... 176