State of Air Environment. Fig 2.1: Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Gujarat

GEC-ENVIS An inventory of air pollutants is a necessary step towards control of air pollution. Central Pollution Control Board is executing a nation-wide programme of ambient air quality monitoring known as National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP). In Gujarat there are NAMP stations. GPCB, on behalf of State government also monitors air quality at another stations under State Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (SAMP). There are another set of stations where air monitoring is done only once in a year. HC and CO are also monitored at three stations in Vadodara - CETP Nandesari, RO GPCB and Dandiya Bazar. Fig.: Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Gujarat Source: GPCB Based on the annual mean concentration in microgram per cubic metre of ambient air (μg/m); levels of SO, NO, SPM have been described as Low (L), Moderate (M), High (H) and Critical (C) for various regions such as Industrial (I), Residential and mixed use (R) areas as per the classification shown in Tables.. Page

Section II State Table.: Classification of Air Quality Pollution Level Industrial (I) Residential (R ) SO, NOx RSPM SPM SO, NOx, RSPM SPM Low (L) - - - - - Moderate (M) - - - - - High (H) - - - - - Critical (C ) > > > > > Source: CPCB () Note: Classification is based on the ambient air quality standards which were applicable before th Nov. The data presented for SO, NOx, SPM, RSPM for the period to Dec uses this classification as the monitoring of new parameters was not initiated in the State. All the monitoring stations are classified into residential or industrial depending upon their characteristics.. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SO in Residential Areas The trends for SO in Residential Areas in the last five years show that the values are well within the permissible limits. Table.: Annual Averages- SO in Residential Areas Sr. No. Location City District Behrampura referl Hospital Cadila Laboratories Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... LD Engg College Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Naroda,S.P.Ring Road Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Nava vadaj Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... R.C Tech High School Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Page

GEC-ENVIS Sr. No. Location City District Satelite Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Durga Traders Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Piramal Vill. Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Fisheries Office Jamnagar Jamnagar..... GPcb Office Jamnagar Jamnagar NA.... Fire Brigade Station Rajkot Rajkot NA.... GPCB Office Rajkot Rajkot..... Air India Building Surat Surat..... Delhi GatePolice chowki Surat Surat NA.... SVR Engg College Surat Surat..... Bapod Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Chhani Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Dandiya Bazzar Vadodara Vadodara..... Gotri Vadodara Vadodara NA.... GPCB Office Vadodara Vadodara..... Nagar Palika Vapi Valsad..... Page

Section II State. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SO in Industrial Areas The trends for SO in Industrial Areas in the last five years show that the values are well within permissible limits. Only at one location in Surat, SO is relatively high but it is still within the permissible limits. Table.: Annual Averages- SO in Industrial Areas Sr. No. Location City District Mukesh Industries Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Naroda GIDC Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Shardaben Hospital Vatva-Odhav, S.P.Ring Road Alang-ship Breaking Yard Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Alang Bhavnagar NA.... Rallis India Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Valia Road Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Lunwa Bhachau Kutcch NA.... Chitra GIDC Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard Gandhidham - Kandla Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Kandla Kutcch NA.... Morbi GIDC Morbi Rajkot NA.... Near Sardhara Corpn High Choice Processors Rajkot Rajkot..... Surat Surat NA.... Kadodara Surat Surat NA.... Page

GEC-ENVIS Sr. No. Location City District BRC Highschool Udhna Surat..... GIDC Nandesari Vadodara Vadodara..... GEB Vapi Valsad..... GIDC Estate Vapi Valsad NA.... Gpcb Office Vapi Valsad NA.... Wankaner Gidc Wankaner Rajkot NA..... Trends in Annual Average Concentration of NOx in Residential Areas The trends for NOx in Residential Areas in the last five years show that the values are well within the permissible limits. Table.: Annual Averages- NOx in Residential Areas Sr. No. Location City District Behrampura referl Hospital Cadila Laboratories Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... LD Engg College Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Naroda,S.P.Ring Road Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Nava vadaj Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... R.C Tech High School Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Satelite Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Durga Traders Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Page

Section II State Sr. No. Location City District Piramal Vill. Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Fisheries Office Jamnagar Jamnagar..... GPcb Office Jamnagar Jamnagar NA.... Fire Brigade Station Rajkot Rajkot NA.... GPCB Office Rajkot Rajkot..... Air India Building Delhi GatePolice chowki SVR Engg College Surat Surat..... Surat Surat NA.... Surat Surat..... Bapod Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Chhani Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Dandiya Bazzar Vadodara Vadodara..... Gotri Vadodara Vadodara NA.... GPCB Office Vadodara Vadodara..... Nagar Palika Vapi Valsad...... Trends in Annual Average Concentration of NOx in Industrial Areas The trends for NOx in Industrial Areas in the last five years show that the values are well within permissible limits. Only at GIDC Nandesari, NOx is relatively high but it is still within the permissible limits. Page

GEC-ENVIS Table.: Annual Average - Nox in Industrial Areas Sr. No. Location City District Mukesh Industries Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Naroda GIDC Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Shardaben Hospital Vatva - Odhav, S. P. Ring Road Alang-ship Breaking Yard Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Alang Bhavnagar NA.... Rallis India Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Valia Road Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Lunwa Bhachau Kutcch NA.... Chitra GIDC Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard Gandhidham - Kandla Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Kandla Kutcch NA.... Morbi GIDC Morbi Rajkot NA.... Near Sardhara Corpn High Choice Processors Rajkot Rajkot..... Surat Surat NA.... Kadodara Surat Surat NA.... BRC Highschool Udhna Surat..... GIDC Nandesari Vadodara Vadodara..... GEB Vapi Valsad..... Page

Section II State Sr. No. Location City District GIDC Estate Vapi Valsad NA.... Gpcb Office Vapi Valsad NA.... Wankaner Gidc Wankaner Rajkot NA..... Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SPM in Residential Areas SPM values at all monitoring stations in Residential areas are above the permissible limits. Only two locations at Bapod and GPCB office in Vadodara show the values to be lower than the permissible limits during the years, and. Table.: Annual Averages- SPM in Residential Areas Sr. No. Location City District Behrampura referl Hospital Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Cadila Laboratories Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... LD Engg College Naroda, S.P.Ring Road Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Nava vadaj Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... R.C Tech High School Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Satelite Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Durga Traders Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Piramal Vill. Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Page

GEC-ENVIS Sr. No. Location City District Fisheries Office Jamnagar Jamnagar..... GPcb Office Jamnagar Jamnagar NA.... Fire Brigade Station Rajkot Rajkot NA.... GPCB Office Rajkot Rajkot..... Air India Building Surat Surat..... Delhi GatePolice chowki Surat Surat NA.... SVR Engg College Surat Surat..... Bapod Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Chhani Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Dandiya Bazzar Vadodara Vadodara..... Gotri Vadodara Vadodara NA.... GPCB Office Vadodara Vadodara..... Nagar Palika Vapi Valsad...... Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SPM in Industrial Areas SPM values at all monitoring stations in industrial are within the permissible limits. Only Mukesh Industries and GIDC Naroda in Ahmedabad show values higher than the permissible limits. Mukesh Industries has shown consistently higher values since. Page

Section II State Table.: Annual Averages- SPM in Industrial Areas Sr. No. Location City District Mukesh Industries Naroda GIDC Shardaben Hospital Vatva- Odhav, S.P.Ring Road Alang-ship Breaking Yard Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Alang Bhavnagar NA.... Rallis India Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Valia Road Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Lunwa Bhachau Kutcch NA.... Chitra GIDC Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Gandhidham - Kandla Kandla Kutcch NA.... Morbi GIDC Morbi Rajkot NA.... Near Sardhara Corpn High Choice Processors Rajkot Rajkot..... Surat Surat NA.... Kadodara Surat Surat NA.... BRC Udhna Surat..... Page

GEC-ENVIS Sr. No. Location City District Highschool GIDC Nandesari Vadodara Vadodara..... GEB Vapi Valsad..... GIDC Estate Vapi Valsad NA.... Gpcb Office Vapi Valsad NA.... Wankaner Gidc Wankaner Rajkot NA..... Trends in Annual Average Concentration of RSPM in Residential Areas RSPM values at all monitoring stations in residential areas are above the permissible limits. Fisheries office and GPCB office Jamnagar are consistently above critical level. Only two locations at Bapod and GPCB office in Vadodara have shown values to be lower than permissible limits. Table.: Annual Averages- RSPM in Residential Areas Sr. No. Location City District Behrampura referl Hospital Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Cadila Laboratories Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... LD Engg College Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Naroda,S.P.Ring Road Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Nava vadaj Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... R.C Tech High School Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Satelite Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Page

Section II State Sr. No. Location City District Durga Traders Ankleshwar Bharuch..... Piramal Vill. Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Fisheries Office Jamnagar Jamnagar..... GPcb Office Jamnagar Jamnagar NA.... Fire Brigade Station Rajkot Rajkot NA.... GPCB Office Rajkot Rajkot..... Air India Building Delhi GatePolice chowki SVR Engg College Surat Surat..... Surat Surat NA.... Surat Surat..... Bapod Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Chhani Vadodara Vadodara NA.... Dandiya Bazzar Vadodara Vadodara..... Gotri Vadodara Vadodara NA.... GPCB Office Vadodara Vadodara..... Nagar Palika Vapi Valsad..... Page

GEC-ENVIS Fig.: RSPM - Ahmedabad (Residential Areas) ug/m Location Fig.: RSPM - Vadodara (ResidentialAreas) ug/m Bapod Chhani Dandiya Bazzar Gotri GPCB Office Location Page

Section II State Fig.: RSPM - Surat (Residential) μg/nm Air India Building Delhi GatePolice chowki SVR Engg College Location Fig.: RSPM - Rajkot (Residential Area) μg/nm Fire Brigade Station Location GPCB Office Page

GEC-ENVIS Fig.: RSPM - Jamnagar (Residential Area) μg/nm Fisheries Office Location GPcb Office. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of RSPM in Industrial Areas RSPM values at all monitoring stations in industrial are within the permissible limits. Mukesh Industries and GIDC Naroda in Ahmedabad show values to be higher than the permissible limits. Lunva Bhachau and GIDC Nandesari also exhibit the same characteristics. Table.: Annual Average RSPM in Industrial Areas Sr. No. Location City District Mukesh Industries Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Naroda GIDC Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Shardaben Hospital Vatva- Odhav, S.P.Ring Ahmedabad Ahmedabad..... Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NA.... Page

Section II State Sr. No. Location City District Alang-ship Breaking Yard Alang Bhavnagar NA. Rallis India Ankleshwar Bharuch........ Valia Road Ankleshwar Bharuch NA.... Lunwa Bhachau Kutcch NA. Chitra GIDC Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA. Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard Gandhidha m - Kandla...... Bhavnagar Bhavnagar NA.... Kandla Kutcch NA.... Morbi GIDC Morbi Rajkot NA. Near. Sardhara Rajkot Rajkot. Corpn High Choice Processors Surat Surat NA.......... Kadodara Surat Surat NA.... BRC Highschool Udhna Surat..... GIDC Nandesari Vadodara Vadodara..... GEB Vapi Valsad..... GIDC Estate Gpcb Office Wankaner Gidc Vapi Valsad NA.... Vapi Valsad NA.... Wankaner Rajkot NA.... Page

GEC-ENVIS. Fig.: RSPM levels at Important Industrial Locations. ug/m... Location Note: In addition to above stations, GPCB also monitors the air quality at certain locations only once in a year. The details of these stations and observed ambient air quality values for various parameters are provided in Annexure II.. Trends in PM. in Ahmedabad Ambient air quality standards with respect to PM. have been notified since th Nov. GPCB initiated monitoring of this parameter in Ahmedabad since June. The monthly averages for these stations are provided in following Table.. Table.: PM. for Ahmedabad Location Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Standard GIDC Naroda (Above Police Chowki)....... Cadila Laboratory, Narol........ Page

Section II State Location Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Standard L D Engineering College, Navrangpur Shardaben Hospital, Saraspur R C Technical School, Mirzapur Behrampura Referral Hospital Mukesh Ind Narol....................................... S P Ring Road Naroda, Nr HP Petrol Pump Satellite Area, Chinmay Seva Trust Vatva Odhav Ring Rd, Rel Petrol Pump................... Nehru Bridge...... Source: GPCB; All values in µg/nm The trends for a few residential and industrial areas in Ahmedabad are graphically shown below. The values are compared with annual standards though we don t have annual average for this parameter as the monitoring was started recently. PM. is higher in winter months and lower in monsoon months. The calmer conditions in winter facilitate more stability to atmosphere and consequently reduce dispersion of pollutants generated and help in build up of pollutants in proximity of pollutant sources. Lower average mixing height in winter season results in less volume of troposphere available for mixing and results in higher SPM concentrations. Page

GEC-ENVIS Fig.: GIDC Naroda(Above Police Chowki) - Industrial Area PM. Values in µg/nm Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Month Fig.: Nehru Bridge - Traffic Junction PM. Values in µg/nm Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Month Page

Section II State Fig.: Satellite Area, Chinmay Seva Trust - Residential Area PM. Valves in µg/nm Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Month. Monitoring of VOCs VOCs are organic compounds with boiling points between C to C and vapour pressure equal to or more than. kpa at C. The term encompasses a very large and diverse group of carbon containing compounds including aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, acids, alcohols, ketones and others. The sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are numerous and broadly they can be divided into:. Natural (forests, termites, wetlands and tundras). Anthropogenic (industrial namely manufacturing of paints, varnishes, solvents, chemical, fertilizers and petroleum refining and processing, fossil fuel combustion in transportation and electricity generation, landfills and waste treatment plants, and household products) Monitoring of VOCs has been initiated by GPCB for industrial clusters in Gujarat. List of these clusters is shown in following table and location map is shown in Fig.. Page

GEC-ENVIS Table.: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations for VOCs in Gujarat Sr. No. Name of Cluster Sampling Location GIDC, Vapi, Valsad Club Building GIDC, Sarigam, Valsad Meckloyed Pharma, Road No.:, GIDC Sarigam Hazira Area, Surat Ichachhapore Village GIDC, Sachin, Surat Hi Choice Processors Pvt. Ltd. GIDC, Pandesara, Surat Pandesara GIDC Office GIDC, Ankleshwar, Bharuch Rallis (India) Ltd., Ankleshwar Jagadia Industrial Estate, DCM Shreeram Pharma Bh h Dahej area, Bharuch Gujarat Alkali Chemical Ltd. GIDC, Panoli, Bharuch Hikal Ltd., Plot No. - ECP Office, NR. IPCL, Vadodara ECPL Pump House, Chiku Wadi, Baroda Nandesari, Vadodara Nandesari Common Effluent Treatment Plant Savli, Vadodara Lubrizol Advanced Materials India Pvt. Ltd. Ekalbara, Vadodara Above Mahuvad Fire Station, Near Transpec Company GIDC, Odhav, Ahmedabad Odhav Industrial Association, L-, GIDC Estate GIDC, Naroda, Ahmedabad Udhyog Nagar Police Chowki, Naroda GIDC GIDC, Vatva, Ahmedabad Vatva Industrial Association, GIDC Estate. Changodar Bavala (Kerala Gmbell Healthcare (India) Pvt. Ltd. GIDC) Ah d b d GIDC, Chhatral, Kalol Sairam Industries, Chhatral GIDC, Gandhinagar Sanand Area Loxim Industries Limited, Iyava Village, Sanand Aji Vasahat / Morbi Wankaner Near Aji Vasahat, GIDC Rajkot Moti Khavadi, Jamnagar Hirabhai Solanki s Terrace, Near Water Tank GIDC, Chitra, Bhavnagar Plot No. Mundra, Kutch Amrut Chamber, Baroi Road, Mundra. Anjar, Kutch Gangotri, Plot No., Anjar. Bhachau-Gandhidham Road, Kutch Source: GEMI, Gandhinagar Lunva Bhachau, Kutch Page

Section II State Fig.: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations for VOCs in Gujarat Source: GPCB Monitoring is carried out fortnightly for these clusters. Standard for annual average for VOCs is ug/m. Details for compounds within VOC for each station can be referred to in Annexure III. The following graphs shows the level of benzene in certain clusters where they have been found to be consistently higher. Please note that the values are not annual averages as VOC monitoring is a recent initiative by GPCB and annual averages were not available whereas standard is for annual average. Another interesting observation is that concentration of Benzo-a-pyrene is less than. ng/m in all clusters whereas standard for this is ng/m. Trends for benzene at select clusters are depicted in Fig. to Fig.. Page

GEC-ENVIS Fig.: Benzene Concentration -Pandesara May A May B June A June B July A JulyB Fig.: Benzene Concentration - Ankleshwar May A May B June A June B July A JulyB Fig.: Benzene Concentration - Dahej May A May B June A June B July A JulyB Page

Section II State Fig.: Benzene Concentration - Panoli May A May B June A June B July A JulyB Fig.: Benzene Concentration - Naroda May A May B June A June B July A JulyB Fig.: Benzene Concentration - Vatva May A May B June A June B July A JulyB Page

GEC-ENVIS. Noise Monitoring Noise is known to cause psychological stress in both human beings and animals. The source of noise could be domestic, industrial or vehicles. The permissible noise levels vary for different landuses. (Table.) Table.: Noise Standards Sr. No. Category Of Area Limits In db Day Time am pm Night Time pm am. Industrial Area. Commercial Area. Residential Area. Silence Zone i.e. Hospital, Educational Institutes Etc. Note: Day time is reckoned between am to pm. Night time is reckoned between pm to am. Silence zone is defined as areas up to m around premises such as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority. Note: The noise levels are not monitored by GPCB on regular basis. This exercise is carried out only during Navratri and Diwali festivals. The number of noise monitoring done by each RO during these festivals is presented in following table. For getting the values, one can refer to the GPCB Annual Reports for these years. Page

Section II State Table.: Noise Monitoring During The Navratri Festival Regional Office Number of Monitoring Station Year wise - - - - - Ahmedabad - - Bharuch - - Bhavnagar - - - Jamnagar - - Mehasana - - - Rajkot Surat - Vadodara - - Vapi - - - Godhara - - - Bhuj Junagarh - - - Nadiad - - - Gandhinagar - - - Anand - - - Source: GPCB Annual Reports Page

GEC-ENVIS Table.: Noise Monitoring During Diwali Festival Regional Office Number of Monitoring Station Year wise - - - - - Ahmedabad Bharuch - Bhavnagar - Jamnagar - Mehasana - Rajkot Surat Vadodara - Vapi - Godhara - - Bhuj - - - Junagarh - - Nadiad - - - Gandhinagar - - - Source: GPCB Annual Reports The ambient noise levels in Gujarat during the monitoring period at all time are above specified ambient noise standards. The fire cracker bursting and traffic are two important contributors of ambient noise. Residential areas are affected significantly by higher noise levels. The emission of smoke arising out of bursting of fire crackers add to increased levels of air pollution, particularly in terms of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), SPM and Respiratory Suspended Particulate Matter. Page

Section II State. Odour Monitoring Most commonly reported odour-producing compounds are hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg odour) and ammonia (sharp pungent odour). Carbon disulfide, mercaptans, product of decomposition of proteins (especially of animal origin) phenols and some petroleum hydrocarbons are other common odorants. Most offensive odour is created by the anaerobic decay of wet organic matter such as flesh, manure etc. For example, odour originating from livestock manure is a result of a broad range of over odour producing compounds. Warm temperature enhances anaerobic decay and foul odour production. Odour can arise from many sources and most of the sources are man-made. Garbage dumping on vacant land is a common phenomenon. It leads to foul smell due to putrefaction of dumped garbage, which lies uncollected for days together. Unscientific design of landfill & improper sewage treatment practices produce unpleasant odour. Industries such as Pulp & Paper, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Tanneries, Sugar & Distillery, Chemical, Dye & Dye Intermediates, Bulk Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Large Livestock operations, Poultry Farms, Slaughter Houses, Food and Meat processing industries and Bone Mills are among major contributors to odour pollution. Agricultural activities like decaying of vegetation, production and application of compost etc. also contribute to odour pollution. In urban areas, improper handling of public amenities like toilets of cinema hall, bus / railway stations, hospitals, shopping complex etc. generate pungent odour, which affects the users as well as neighbourhood residents. Congested markets do not allow the escape of odour from markets, thus causing problems to shop-owners and customers. Vehicular sector also has its share in odour pollution. Rapidly growing vehicular population as well as pollutants emitted by them generate harmful and pungent odour. Measurement of Odour Pollution Of the five senses, the sense of smell is the most complex and unique in structure and organization. Sense of smell is accomplished with two main nerves. The olfactometry nerve (first cranial nerve) processes the perception of chemicals. The trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve) processes the irritation or pungency (sensation) of chemicals. All olfactory signals meet in the olfactory bulb where the information is distributed to two different parts of the brain. One major pathway of information is to the limbic system which processes emotion and memory response of the body. The second major information pathway is to the frontal cortex. This is where conscious sensations take place, as the information is processed with other sensations and is compared with accumulated life experiences for the individual to possibly recognize the odour and make some decisions about the experiences. The entire trip, from nostril to signal in the brain, takes as little as milliseconds. In India, Schedule II and Schedule VI (General standards for discharge of effluents) under Environmental (Protection) Rules, prescribe that all efforts shall be made to remove unpleasant odour as far as practicable. Nonetheless, there are only two industries, wherein industry specific standards under Schedule I of these Rules have made odour removal compulsory. These are the fermentation industries and the natural rubber industries. The standards for many other major odour pollution causing industries such as pulp and paper Page

GEC-ENVIS mills, tanneries, meat processing industries, bulk drug and pharmaceutical units, food and fruit processing units, dairies and milk plants etc. do not specify odour control. However, several countries such as Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, The Netherlands, United Kindom, United States have developed and adopted Legislations for measurement of odour. The EN was released in year and now EN unifies the odour sampling and testing standards of countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Also EN follows ISO quality assurance and scientific testing protocols. The new European standard EN has been adopted by Australia and New Zealand as AS / NZS :: (AS, ).. Hot Spots Major contributors to air pollution are Population, industries and Vehicles. Table. shows that districts of Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot alone form % population and % of vehicles in the state in. Percentage of the population from these districts has almost remained the same over the last decade (.% in ) but percentage contribution of vehicles has reduced (.% in ). Districts of Tapi, Porbandar, Narmada and The Dangs contribute least to the population as well as vehicles in Gujarat. Table.: District wise Contribution to Population and Vehicles of Gujarat Sr. No. District Population % To Total Population Vehicles % To Total Vehicles Ahmedabad.. Surat.. Vadodara.. Rajkot.. Banaskantha.. Bhavnagar.. Junagadh.. Sabarkantha.. Panchmahal.. Page

Section II State Sr. No. District Population % To Total Population Vehicles % To Total Vehicles Kheda.. Jamnagar.. Dahod.. Kachchh.. Anand.. Mehsana.. Surendranagar.. Valsad.. Bharuch.. Amreli.. Gandhinagar.. Patan.. Navsari.. Tapi.. Narmada.. Porbandar.. The Dang. NA NA Gujarat.. Source: Census and Transport Department Classifying the districts of Gujarat in terms of their population, industries and vehicle fleet has been done in Table.. Page

GEC-ENVIS Table.: Ranking of Districts Sr. No. District Population Population Rank Air Polluting Industries Air Polluting Industries Rank Vehicle Population Vehicle Population Rank Population Density Population Density Rank Decadal Growth Decadal Growth Rank Urban Population % Urban Population Rank Rural Population % Rural Population Rank Ahmedabad... Surat... Vadodara... Rajkot... Banaskantha... Bhavnagar... Junagadh... Sabarkantha... Page

Section II State Page Panchmahal. Kheda... Jamnagar... Dahod in s.... Kachchh... Anand... Mehsana... Surendranagar... Valsad... Bharuch... Amreli in s....

GEC-ENVIS Gandhinagar... Patan in s.... Navsari... Tapi ins.... Narmada in s.... Porbandar... Gujarat The Dang in s. NA NA...... *Note: Gandinagar includes Gandhinagar district with Ahmedabad Rural districts, Banaskantha includes Patan district, Panchmahal includes Dahod District, Navsari includes Tapi District, Valsad includes The Dangs district, Bhavnagar includes Amreli district. Jetpur RO is falls under Rajkot district and Ankleshwar under Bharuch district. Page

Section II State Rate of urbanisation and industrialization leading to growth of vehicles make cities Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot the hot spots for air pollution. The density of population and vehicles is also highest in these urban centres. Surat leads followed by Ahmedabad, Anand and Gandhinagar districts respectively for density of population. The districts have grown differently in last decade with highest growth in Surat followed by Kachchh, Dahod, Banaskantha and Ahmedabad. The Dangs district which has % rural population follows Ahmedabad with % urban population in decadal growth. According to the pressure due to air polluting industries, Rajkot has maximum API followed by Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Valsad, Vadodara and Surat. If we look into the industrial clusters, the values of SO, NOx, SPM and RSPM do not cross the critical levels in general. However, if we consider benzene, then industrial areas of Naroda, Vatva, Pandesara, Ankleshwar, Panoli and Dahej exhibit continuously higher values. Page

Annexure - IV Annexure - IV Vehicles Population as on st March for the Years : - TO - Sr. No. Office Year Truck/ Lorries GOODS VEHICLES Tanker Three Wheeler LGVs Other LGVs Buses Maxi School Buses PASSENGER VEHICLES Private Service Vehicles Police Van Ambulance Motor Cars & Station Wagon Taxi Jeep Auto Rickshaw TWO WHEELER Motor Cycle/ Scooters Mopeds Tractor Trailor Other Total - - - - - - - AHMEDABAD - - - - - - - - Page

Annexure - IV Vehicles Population as on st March for the Years : - TO - TWO GOODS VEHICLES PASSENGER VEHICLES WHEELER Sr. No. Office Year Truck/ Lorries Tanker Three Wheeler LGVs Other LGVs Buses Maxi School Buses Private Service Vehicles Police Van Ambulance Motor Cars & Station Wagon Taxi Jeep Auto Rickshaw Motor Cycle/ Scooters Mopeds Tractor Trailor Other Total - - - - - - - - MEHSANA - - - - - - - Page

Annexure - IV Sr. No. Office Year Truck/ Lorries Vehicles Population as on st March for the Years : - TO - TWO GOODS VEHICLES PASSENGER VEHICLES WHEELER Tanker Three Wheeler LGVs Other LGVs Buses Maxi School Buses Private Service Vehicles Police Van Ambulance Motor Cars & Station Wagon Taxi Jeep Auto Rickshaw Motor Cycle/ Scooters Mopeds Tractor Trailor Other Total - - - - - - - - BHAVNAGAR - - - - - - - Page

Annexure - IV Vehicles Population as on st March for the Years : - TO - GOODS VEHICLES PASSENGER VEHICLES TWO WHEELER Sr. No. Office Year Truck/ Lorries Tanker Three Wheeler LGVs Other LGVs Buses Maxi School Buses Private Service Vehicles Police Van Ambulance Motor Cars & Station Wagon Taxi Jeep Auto Rickshaw Motor Cycle/ Scooters Mopeds Tractor Trailor Other Total - - - - - - - SURAT - - - - - - - - Page

Annexure - IV Vehicles Population as on st March for the Years : - TO - GOODS VEHICLES PASSENGER VEHICLES TWO WHEELER Sr. No. Office Year Truck/ Lorries Tanker Three Wheeler LGVs Other LGVs Buses Maxi Total School Buses Private Service Vehicles Police Van Ambulance Motor Cars & Station Wagon Taxi Jeep Auto Rickshaw Motor Cycle/ Scooters Mopeds Tractor Trailor Other - - - - - - - - VYARA - - - - - - - Page

Annexure - IV Page