FUELS Product Specifications This Lesson Is Designed: To provide you with an understanding of specifications and terms used in the marketing of fuels. To show you how to use the information contained in the text to answer any concerns or questions raised by members.
Fuels - Product Specifications Table of Contents PAGE A WORD ABOUT TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1 EP3000 DIESEL FUEL 2 REGULAR DIESEL 3-3A REGULAR UNLEADED GASOLINE 4-4A MID-GRADE UNLEADED GASOLINE 5-5A PREMIUM UNLEADED GASOLINE 6-6A STOVE OIL (HEATER FUEL) 7 FURNACE FUEL 7 SOLVENT 8 KEROSENE 8 05/2006
A Word About Typical Specifications All Co-op Petroleum products are blended using quality ingredients to meet specifications established by the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), the American Petroleum Institute (API), and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). These agencies establish acceptable specification ranges for each petroleum product. The typical specifications that are listed in this manual are the average (typical) specifications for that product. The actual specification of a particular sample may vary from the typical specification, yet still remain within the acceptable ranges established for that product. Therefore, it is important to note that if a number does not correspond exactly to the typical specifications that does not mean that the sample is not going to perform properly. Typical specifications can be thought of as a target. Some variables which cause slight variations in the actual specifications are base stock, blending, additive and refining variations. In many areas Co-op petroleum products exceed the specifications required for that particular product. Therefore, a slight variation from the typical specification shown will not affect the performance of the product, however, large deviations from the typical specifications may indicate a problem with the product. Page 1 05/2006
EP3000 Diesel Fuel CO-OP EP3000 Diesel Fuel is a premium product in the prairie marketplace, and is available exclusively from retail co-operatives receiving product supply from Consumers Co-operative Refineries Ltd. in Regina. EP3000 Diesel Fuel is available both in a winter grade (Oct. 1 to April 15) and in a summer grade (from April 1 to Oct.15). Through a modified refining process and the addition of a premium additive package, Co-op s EP3000 Diesel Fuel results in superior performance over a regular diesel fuel. Superior performance results from: (1) Extra Power - Higher cetane for quick starts, fast warmups, less smoke and smoother operation. - A higher density leads to a higher BTU content providing higher heat content, more power and better fuel economy. - Summer EP3000 is formulated to maintain the same summer high density for spring and fall while having cloud and pour points lower than the normal temperatures experienced in those months. This means maximum power and fuel economy is provided in the spring and fall with no risk of filter plugging and other cold weather operational problems. (2) Efficiency Plus - the premium additive in EP3000 Diesel Fuel removes existing deposits and prevents deposit build up. - the Cummins L-10 test has been the industry standard to determine the ability of a fuel to remove injector deposits and prevent future deposit buildspecifications Density (KG/M3 @ 15 C) Cetane Number Cloud Point ( C) Pour Point ( C) Flash Point ( C) Sulphur Content (% Mass) Lubricity (HFRR - Maximum 460 @ 60 C) Fuels Page 2 Section 2 05/2007 up. CO-OP EP3000 has been tested at independent labs and given a superior rating in this test. (3) Engine Protection - Winter EP3000 Diesel Fuel has the best in cloud points, preventing the formation of waxes (solids) or crystallization in the diesel fuel. Rust inhibitors and emulsifiers guard against fuel system corrosion caused by condensation. - the ultra-low sulphur content of EP3000 Diesel Fuel means it is easier on your engine and less harmful to our environment. - CO-OP EP3000 is formulated to provide excellent fuel lubricity. CO-OP EP3000 has been third party tested for lubricity in current testing procedures with clear passing results. Lubricity testing ensures there is no need for expensive after-market lubricity additives with CO-OP EP3000. Summer Diesel EP3000 860 46.5-15 -28 75 <0.0015 (15ppm) <460 Winter Diesel EP3000 855 44.0-40 -52 67 <0.0015 (15ppm) <460
Regular Diesel Co-op s regular diesel is produced specifically to meet the needs of today s diesel powered cars and trucks. Clear regular diesel is suitable for use in all diesel powered vehicles required to burn a taxable diesel fuel. It is also available with applicable dye by province for non-taxable use. Regular diesel may still cause operating problems if used out-of-season. Although changes are made seasonally, precautions should be taken to avoid storage of diesel blended in the summer being used in cold winter temperatures. Mixing of summer and winter blended diesel can cause operation problems. Steps should be taken to assure that only winter grade seasonal diesel is in storage before the cold temperatures occur. Co-op s regular diesel is supplied as a seasonal diesel. The cloud and pour points are adjusted seasonally to insure the correct viscosity when the fuel is produced and sold. Typical Specifications - Regular Diesel May 1 - August 31 November 1 - February 28 Summer Winter Density (KG/M3 @ 15 C) 850 830 Cetane Number 43.5 41.0 Cloud Point, C -12-38 Pour Point, C -18-48 Flash Point, C 67 61 Sulphur Content (%) <0.0015 (<15ppm) <0.0015 (<15ppm) Lubricity (HFRR - Maximum 460@60 o C) <460 <460 NOTE: During spring (Approximately March 1 to April 30) and fall (Approximately September 1 to October 31) regular diesel fuel is seasonally adjusted from summer-to-winter and winter-to-summer product specifications. Page 3 05/2007
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Regular Unleaded Gasoline Regular unleaded gasoline is a high quality gasoline blended to meet the requirements of cars and trucks with emission control equipment or where unleaded gasoline is recommended. Regular unleaded gasoline is dyed other colours by province for non taxable use. The minimum octane (anti-knock index), (R+M)/2, for different areas of Western Canada is as follows: Area (R+M)/2 (Minimum)* Coastal British Columbia 87.0 Interior British Columbia 86.5 Alberta 86.5 Saskatchewan 86.5 Manitoba 87.0 * Canadian General Standards Board Regular unleaded gasoline is blended in both summer and winter grades. The winter grade is lighter than the summer grade to allow for easier starting in cold temperatures. The adjustment between summer and winter grades is made as the seasons change. The difference between the two grades is not critical during the changeover period. A summer grade regular unleaded gasoline will perform normally in colder temperatures, although under extremely cold conditions engine starting may be hindered if summer gasoline is used. Regular unleaded gasoline is blended with many additives. Several benefits are achieved by the addition of these additives. They include: 1. Cleans carburetors, injectors, intake valves and keeps them clean. 2. Prevents stalling due to carburetor icing. 3. Protects fuel system against corrosion. 4. Controls moisture in the fuel system. 5. Helps keep positive crankcase ventilation systems clean. 6. Prevents oxidation of the product during storage. 7. Reduces the knock due to self-ignition. The use of tetraethyll lead as an octane booster does not provide acceptable emission levels when burnt and cause detrition of emission control systems. Other additives are now used to boost octane levels in unleaded gasoline. Page 4 05/2006
Typical Specifications - Regular Unleaded Gasoline May 1 to September 30 October 1 to April 30 Summer Winter Color Clear Clear API Gravity, 61.1 62.4 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 27 28 10% Evaporated, C 34 35 50% Evaporated, C 90 91 90% Evaporated, C 156 161 End Point, C 193 196 Lead Content, grams/litre 0.0 0.0 Int. Cstl. Int. Cstl. Sask. Man. Alta. B.C. B.C. Sask. Man. Alta. B.C. B.C. Research Octane 94.2 92.8 93.1 93.1 94.0 93.2 92.8 92.8 92.8 94.0 Motor Octane 83.4 83.0 82.8 82.8 84.0 83.2 83.2 83.0 83.0 84.0 Anti-knock Index (R+M) 88.8 87.9 88.0 88.0 89.0 88.2 88.0 87.9 87.9 89.0 2 Page 4A 05/2006
Midgrade Unleaded Gasoline Midgrade unleaded gasoline is a high quality gasoline blended to meet the requirements of cars and trucks equipped with emission control devices. In addition to this, midgrade unleaded provides a higher octane which will help to prevent engine knock and run-on in most gasoline engines requiring unleaded gasoline. The minimum octane (anti-knock index), (R+M)/2, for different areas of Western Canada are as follows: Area (R+M)/2 (Minimum)* Coastal British Columbia 89.0 Interior British Columbia 88.5 Alberta 88.5 Saskatchewan 88.5 Manitoba 89.0 * Canadian General Standards Board Midgrade unleaded gasoline is blended in both summer and winter grades. The winter grade is lighter than the summer grade to allow for easier starting in cold temperatures. The difference between the two grades is not critical during the changeover period. A summer grade midgrade unleaded gasoline will perform normally in colder temperatures. Midgrade unleaded gasoline is blended with various additives to improve the performance in modern engines which require a higher octane unleaded gasoline. They include an octane booster, antioxidant agents, and cleaning agents. These additives give midgrade unleaded gasoline a higher octane rating while maintaining good operating characteristics. Page 5 05/2006
Typical Specifications - Midgrade Unleaded Gasoline May 1 to September 30 October 1 to April 30 Summer Winter Color Green Green API Gravity, 59 60 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 29 26 10% Evaporated, C 37 34 50% Evaporated, C 94 93 90% Evaporated, C 157 158 End Point, C 193 194 Lead Content, grams/litre 0.0 0.0 Int. Cstl. Int. Cstl. Sask. Man. Alta. B.C. B.C. Sask. Man. Alta. B.C. B.C. Research Octane 95.6 93.9 94.5 94.5 95.6 95.0 94.3 94.3 94.4 96.1 Motor Octane 84.6 84.3 83.9 83.9 85.0 84.4 84.9 84.1 84.0 84.5 Anti-knock Index (R+M) 90.1 89.1 89.2 89.2 90.3 89.7 89.6 89.2 89.2 90.3 2 Page 5A 05/2006
Premium Unleaded Gasoline Premium unleaded gasoline is a high quality gasoline blended to meet the requirements of cars and trucks equipped with emission control devices. In addition to this, premium unleaded provides a higher octane which will help to prevent engine knock and run-on in most gasoline engines requiring unleaded gasoline. The minimum octane (anti-knock index), (R+M)/2, for different areas of Western Canada is as follows: Area (R+M)/2 (Minimum)* Coastal British Columbia 91.0 Interior British Columbia 90.5 Alberta 90.5 Saskatchewan 90.5 Manitoba 91.0 * Canadian General Standards Board Premium unleaded gasoline is blended in both summer and winter grades. The winter grade is lighter than the summer grade to allow for easier starting in cold temperatures. The difference between the two grades is not critical during the changeover period. A summer grade premium unleaded gasoline will perform normally in colder temperatures. Premium unleaded gasoline is blended with various additives to improve the performance in modern engines which require a high octane unleaded gasoline. They include octane boosters, antioxidant agents, and cleaning agents. These additives give premium unleaded gasoline the highest octane rating of any gasoline as well as good operating characteristics. Page 6 05/2006
Typical Specifications - Premium Unleaded Gasoline May 1 to September 30 October 1 to April 30 Summer Winter Color Green Green API Gravity, 57 58 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 31 25 10% Evaporated, C 40 34 50% Evaporated, C 97 94 90% Evaporated, C 158 156 End Point, C 193 193 Lead Content, grams/litre 0.0 0.0 Int. Cstl. Int. Cstl. Sask. Man. Alta. B.C. B.C. Sask. Man. Alta. B.C. B.C. Research Octane 97.1 96.2 95.6 95.6 97.0 96.6 95.9 95.8 95.8 98.0 Motor Octane 85.7 86.2 85.8 85.8 86.0 85.6 86.5 85.8 85.8 85.0 Anti-knock Index (R+M) 91.4 91.2 90.7 90.7 91.5 91.1 91.2 90.8 90.8 91.5 2 Page 6A 05/2006
Stove Oil (Heater Fuel) Stove Oil is blended specifically to meet the requirements for space heaters, oil hot water heaters and gun-type furnaces. It has a very low cloud and pour point characteristic which permits it to be stored inside or outside. Stove oil provides a good heat content, somewhat less than furnace fuel, and also provides good flowability at all temperatures. It will provide excellent performance and trouble free service throughout the heating season. Typical Specifications Stove Oil (Heater Fuel) API Gravity, 37.1 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 173 10% Evaporated, C 192 50% Evaporated, C 229 90% Evaporated, C 274 End Point, C 303 Flash Point, C 61 Cloud Point, C -37 Pour Point, C -46 Viscosity @ 40 C, Cst 1.74 Sulphur Content (%) 0.15 Heating Content, KJ/L 38,000 Furnace Fuel Co-op Furnace fuel is produced to meet the requirements for gun-type furnaces. It is heavier fuel than stove oil and is therefore unsuitable for space heaters and oil-type hot water heaters. Because furnace fuel is a heavier product and does not provide a low cloud or pour point, it must be stored inside a heated surrounding (above 10 F). Furnace fuel has a heat content that is higher than stove oil. In British Columbia, Furnace Fuel and Summer Diesel Fuel are interchangeable. On the prairies, Furnace Fuel should not be used as Diesel Fuel due to the low cetane. When stored under the proper conditions, furnace fuel will provide excellent performance and good heating value. Typical Specifications Furnace Fuel API Gravity, 36.5 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 175 10% Evaporated, C 196 50% Evaporated, C 235 90% Evaporated, C 281 End Point, C 311 Flash Point, C 66 Cloud Point, C -31 Pour Point, C -40 Viscosity @ 40 C, Cst 1.74 Sulphur Content (%) 0.15 Heating Content, KJ/L 39,000 Page 7 05/2006
Camp Fuel Co-op Camp Fuel is produced for use in pressure lighting and burning equipment including stoves, lanterns, heating units and blow torches. Camp fuel may also be used in catalytic type heaters requiring camp fuel or naphtha. Camp fuel is extremely volatile and care should be taken in handling and storing. Typical Specifications API Gravity, 77.2 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 62 10% Evaporated, C 67 50% Evaporated, C 73 90% Evaporated, C 86 End Point, C 96 Flash Point, C -18 Note: While many of the specifications for Camp Fuel and Unleased Gasoline are similar they should not be interchanged. Unleased Gasoline has a significantly higher vapor pressure and could result in an explosion if used in a device designed for use with Camp Fuel. Solvent Kerosene Kerosene is blended to meet the requirements for portable space heaters, lamps and gravity fed stoves. It has very low cloud and pour points which allow it to be stored outside. Domestic furnaces employ pumps and mechanical atomization, whereas lamps and gravity fed stoves depend on fuel vapors and convection as the means for mixing fuel and air. Accordingly, kerosene is more volatile than either stove oil or furnace fuel and contains slightly less heat energy. Typical Specifications API Gravity, 40.9 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 163 10% Evaporated, C 170 50% Evaporated, C 180 90% Evaporated, C 195 End Point, C 204 Flash Point, C 46 Cloud Point, C -40 Pour Point, C -54 Sulphur Content (%).05% Heating Content, KJ/L 37,800 Solvent is used in a variety of industrial processes and product applications. Typical uses include dry-cleaning solvent, paint and varnish thinner, floor wax polishes, metal cleaning, weather degreasing, textile printing, and selected weed killers. All petroleum solvents are flammable. Under certain conditions their vapor-air mixtures will explode if ignited. For safe use eliminate all sources of sparks, flames, or static electricity and use solvent in relatively open and well ventilated areas. Avoid inhalation of solvent vapors and direct contact with the skin. Typical Specifications API Gravity, 48.4 Initial Boiling Point (IBP), C 156 10% Evaporated, C 162 50% Evaporated, C 168 90% Evaporated, C 183 End Point, C 197 Flash Point, C 43 Page 8 05/2006