Gas natural Combustible alternativo para automoción Ecoautomóvil. Marketing o realidad Aranjuez. 27 de julio de 2010 Manuel Lage, Dr. Eng. General Manager Madrid. Mayo 2010 1
Fuel road map Improvement of diesel fuel To enable the exploitation of Diesel engines and their further evolution. Natural Gas and Biogas NG is the most realistic alternative fuel in short term. Biogas adds benefits in terms of CO2 emissions. Biodiesel/Bioethanol. Ltd. availability. To be used as blends in diesel & petrol. DIESEL CNG & Biogas Biodiesel /Bioethanol Petrol. Will remain with higher prices LPG. Used also in chemical industry LPG Petrol GTL (Gas to Liquid). It will be important in the next decade. Fuel improver, later as fuel for advanced Diesel engines. BTL (Biomass to Liquid) Derived from biomass. CO2 neutral. Hydrogen & Hythane (CNG + H2): Long term fuel for fuel cells application (Hythane transition fuel). GTL (Syndiesel) BTL (Sundiesel) Hythane Hydrogen (H2) 2010 2020 2030 2040 Madrid. Mayo 2010 2
Energy content of different fuels 36 MJ/L 38 MJ/Nm 3 33 MJ/L 30 MJ/L 20,5 MJ/L 21 MJ/L 23 MJ/L 11 MJ/Nm 3 9,2 MJ/L DIESEL BIODIESEL HYDROGEN CNG NATURAL GAS LNG PETROL ETHANOL LPG Madrid. Mayo 2010 3
Hydrogen vs. Carbon ratios Natural gas is an alternative fuel coming from natural wells. It is mainly methane (CH4) Biogas is also a methane rich gas, produced by the fermentation of the biomass, it is then a renewable fuel. Methane contents 25% H and 75% C, in weight As a comparison, Petrol contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C Diesel oil contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C LPG contents 17,4% H and 82,6% C Due to its molecular advantage, regulated exhaust emissions and CO 2 are particularly favourable in the engines running on natural gas. Madrid. Mayo 2010 4
Regulated emissions and CO2 comparison CO 2 Carbon dioxide Reduction % main pollutants of urban areas Benzene 100 = petrol NOx Nitrogen oxide PM10 Particulate matter The use of CNG reduces substantially traffic pollution and contributes to the reduction of CO 2 Petrol 100 Diesel 110 10 100 100 150 100 400 Due to their availability through the network, It does not require road transport and storage LPG 90 11 46 50 Nat. gas 75 0 42 40-25% -100% -58% -60% -90% vs. diesel Madrid. Mayo 2010 5
kg CO 2 / kg fuel kg CO 2 / kw h CNG. CO2 emission 3,3 1,4 3,2 3,1 3 2,9 2,8 2,7 2,6 3,2 0,73 3,15 0,97 3,02 0,87 0,75 2,75 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 2,5 Diesel Petrol LPG Natural Gas 0,2 Madrid. Mayo 2010 6
Madrid. CNG Refuse collection fleet Madrid. Mayo 2010 7
Yearly emission savings Iveco CNG (EEV) vs. Diesel Euro 3 limits NOx CO + HC + PM CO2 132.391 kg 703.000 kg 2.069.440 kg Plus a 30% less fuel cost per kilometre! Madrid. Mayo 2010 8
CNG urban buses Mercedes Citaro CNG 250 HP. Lean mix engine turbocharged. EEV certified Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 12 & 18 m 280 CV. Stoichiometric turbo engine. EEV certified Madrid. Mayo 2010 9
CNG urban trucks and buses in Europe CNG Garbage trucks in Europe France approx. 600 Euro 2 - EEV Switzerland approx. 20 Euro 3 - EEV Italy approx. 600 Euro 3 - EEV Spain approx. 1000 Euro 3-4-5 - EEV CNG Urban buses in Europe 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 418 Greece 847 860 Spain Sweden 1300 Germany 2000 2334 France Italy 8000 Russia In Europe, most of the heavy vehicles running on NG are urban, using CNG/biomethane. Volume and weight of the CNG tanks limit their use in road transport. Madrid. Mayo 2010 10
European CNG market. Italy Italy and Total Europe 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 Italy Total Europe 400000 200000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years Madrid. Mayo 2010 11
Countries with national NGV programs: Germany, Switzerland, Austria Germany: Mainly passenger cars, 1.300 buses Switzerland: Mainly passenger cars, 100 buses Austria: Mainly passenger cars, 40 buses Madrid. Mayo 2010 12
Running park Countries with vans, trucks and buses program on CNG: France and Spain 12000 10000 Nº of cars equivalent: 109.000 8000 6000 France Spain 4000 2000 Nº of cars equivalent: 54.000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years Madrid. Mayo 2010 13
New CNG cars. Tanks underneath Madrid. Mayo 2010 14
NGVs passenger cars & vans Citroen Citroën C3 1.4 Style bivalent Citroën Berlingo Multispace Plus Bivalent Fiat Fiat Doblò 1.6 16V Natural Power Fiat Panda Panda 1.2 8V Natural Power Fiat Grande Punto 1.4 8V Natural Power Fiat Doblò Cargo SX 1.6. 16V Natural Power Fiat Doblò Cargo SX Maxi 1.6 16V Natural Power Ford Ford C-Max 2.0 CNG Ford Focus 2.0 CNG Ford Transit 2.3 CNG Madrid. Mayo 2010 15
NGVs passenger cars & vans Mercedes Mercedes Benz B170 NGT Mercedes Benz E200 NGT Mercedes Sprinter 316 NGT + 516 NGT Opel Opel Zafira 1.6 ecoflex Opel Zafira 1.6 ecoflex Turbo Opel Combo Tour 1.6 ecoflex Opel Combo 1.6 CNG ecoflex Kastenwagen Volkswagen Volkswagen Caddy Life 2.0 Ecofuel Volkswagen Touran 1.4 TSI EcoFue Volkswagen Caddy Maxi Life 2.0 EcoFuel Volkswagen Passat 1.4 TSI EcoFuel Volkswagen Caddy 1.6 CNG Van Madrid. Mayo 2010 16
The bright future of NGV s The development of NGV s in the medium term future, will follow five main lines: CNG Hybrid Vehicles Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties Biogas LNG for trucks and buses Methane-Hydrogen mixtures Madrid. Mayo 2010 17
Next CNG Hybrid Vehicles, by AVIA Hybrid 10 m. chassis & bus CASTROSUA TEMPUS Both vehicles are now Diesel, but CNG versions are in development Hybrid 15 t truck FCC- AVIA-IVECO Madrid. Mayo 2010 18
Dual Fuel Technology Renewed interest in this diesel-natural gas combustion technology CO2 important reduction. Diesel cycle maintained Target market: heavy duty trucks and buses Retrofit market considered too for EURO 2 and 3 vehicles Options: full diesel operation when no CNG is available Madrid. Mayo 2010 19
Biogas. Another source of Natural Gas Biogas comes from fermentation processes of biomass (organic waste, landfills, vegetable and animal feedstock), which produces methane rich gases. Biogas brings together the advantages of natural gas with the environmental benefits of renewable energy sources. Due to the wide different types of sources: forestry, landfills, agricultural; there is a large and wide potential for biogas production in Europe, where it is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Madrid. Mayo 2010 20
Biogas production potential Among the different options of biofuels, biomethane presents the higher efficiency per hectare of land. Madrid. Mayo 2010 21
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) NG with a high energy density Diesel vs CNG & LNG Autonomy equivalence Diesel oil 1 litre 200 bar 200 bar 200 bar 200 bar 200 bar -162 O C CNG 5 litre LNG 1,8 litre LNG opens the way for the medium and long distance road transport Madrid. Mayo 2010 22
CNG vs LNG. Tank configuration 8 tanks of 80 lt. 640 lt. CNG eq. to 128 lit. diesel 1 single LNG 360 lt. tank eq. to 200 lt. diesel (56% more) Madrid. Mayo 2010 23
LNG tractor units from MB and IVECO MB Econic 280 CV IVECO Stralis 280 & 330 CV Madrid. Mayo 2010 24
Refueling Stations LCNG Lleida - Spain Madrid. Mayo 2010 25
LNG supply to Europe Madrid. Mayo 2010 26
Methane/Hydrogen mixtures Methane/Hydrogen mixture (Hythane, Idrometano) offers a number of significant advantages as a bridge solution for a future hydrogen fuelled transport: It can be used in the existing NGV engines and vehicles with minor engine resetting The inboard fuel storage uses the same type of tanks and fittings, with some specification changes in materials The H2 content considered (~20%) does not alter the autonomy of the vehicles There is an immediate impact as CO2 emission reduction The use of compressed H2 in a large basis will push ahead the development of the hydrogen production and logistics Madrid. Mayo 2010 27
The Hythane buses Hythane: Natural gas / Hydrogen (80% - 20% by volume) In service since July 2009 Two units IRISBUS-IVECO with Cursor 8 engine 270 CV. Gas tanks: 8 x 155 litres each from Dynetek Autonomy: 300-400 km Madrid. Mayo 2010 28
manuel.lage@ngvaeurope.eu www.ngvaeurope.eu Madrid. Mayo 2010 29